Archaeologists found a bone of a human from that civilization and performed Carbon-14 dating. They found that 12.5% of the Carbon-14 was left, the estimated age of this sample is 17,151 years old.
What is the estimation of Archaeologists about carbon-14?Radiocarbon dating sometimes referred to as carbon-14 dating, has been used by archaeologists for a long time to determine an object's age. Traditional radiocarbon dating, which makes use of the fact that minute quantities of radioactive carbon may be found in the environment, is used to determine the age of organic remains that are 500–50,000 years old. Radiocarbon dating depends on that half-life. Since carbon-12 doesn't deteriorate, it serves as a reliable indicator of carbon-14's impending demise.
An isotope of carbon-14 that is older emits less radiation. Calculate how many half-lives have elapsed by multiplying the carbon-14 half-life (5,717 years). The amount of carbon-14 in this sample of wood reached 12.5% after 17,151 years. 3 half-lives have since gone.
The sample is therefore estimated to be 17,151 years old.
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what is the molar concentration of na ions in 0.0200 m solutions of the following sodium salts in water?
The molarity of Na+ ions in a 0.0200 M solution of a given sodium salt is:
For NaBr, Molarity of Na+ ions = 0.020 M
Molality of Na+ ions = 0.040 M
For Na3PO4, Molarity of Na+ ion = 0.060 M
Molarity of a substance:
The molarity of a substance is the molar amount of that substance present in a given volume of solution of that substance.
Molarity = moles of substance / volume of substance
The molarity of Na+ ions in a 0.0200 M aqueous solution of a particular sodium salt is calculated as:
Molarity = moles of sodium ion in 1 mole of salt * Molarity of salt.
For NaBr:
moles of Na+ ions in 1 mole of salt = 1 mole
moles of Na+ ions = 1 * 0.020 M
moles of Na+ ions = 0.020 M
For (Na2SO4);
Na+ ion molarity = 2 * 0.020 M
Na+ ion molarity = 0.040 M
For Na₃PO₄ :
Moles Na+ ion in 1 mole salt = 3 moles
Na+ ion molarity of = 3 * 0.020 M
Molarity of Na+ ion = 0.060 M
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where are all the connections to the different amino acids start PLEASE HELP I NEED IT RIGHT NOWWWW my life will be over!!!!
please :)
The connections to the different amino acids in a protein are through peptide bonds.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the basic monomer units that proteins are composed of.
Hence, proteins are polymers of monomeric units called amino acids.
Amino acids have a basic structure where a chiral carbon atom is bonded to four different groups.
The four groups present in amino acids are:
a hydrogen atoman amino group a carboxyl group, andan R groupAmino acids in proteins are linked to each other by means of peptide bonds. The peptide bond is formed from an amino group and a carboxyl group with the removal of a water molecule.
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aluminum metal reacts with chlorine gas to form aluminum chloride the reaction starts with 3 g of chlorine gas and unlimited supply of aluminum, how many grams of aluminum chloride can be formed?
The aluminum metal reacts with chlorine gas to form aluminum chloride the reaction starts with 3 g of chlorine gas , grams of aluminum chloride formed is 3.73.
The balanced reaction is given as :
2Al + 3Cl₂ ----> 2AlCl₃
mass of Cl = 3 g
molar mass of Cl₂ = 71 g/mol
moles of Cl₂ = mass / molar mass
= 3 / 71
= 0.0422 mol
3 mole of Cl₂ produces 2 moles of AlCl₃
0.0422 mol of Cl₂ = (2/3) 0.0422
= 0.028 mol of AlCl₃
mass of AlCl₃ = molar mass × moles
= 133.34 × 0.028
= 3.73 g
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An atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons.
What is the mass of this atom?
16 is the mass of this atom.
The Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8 and has a mass number of 16. Upon accepting 2 electrons it becomes O2-. The mass number is defined as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the molecule. So here for O2- it contains 8 protons,8 neutrons and 10 electrons.
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Which scientist help developed the current model of the atom which states that electrons are located in regions known as orbitals or electron clouds?
a. Neils Bohr
b. Erwin Schrodinger
c. Earnest Rutherford
d. Max Planck
e. James Cahdwick
Answer: the answer is Erwin Schrodinger.
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP IM GONNA FAIL THIS WHOLE YEAR PLEASE
Answer:
Mg+HCl = MgCl+H2
Explanation:
you just have to write the correct formula of these elemernt
ANSWER ASAP FOR 90 POINTS Question: Air pressure is...
A.high and low at the bottom
B. same at the top same at the bottom
C.low at the top low at the bottom
D.low at the top hight at the bottom
Air pressure is D.low at the top hight at the bottom.
How much air pressure is typical?Pressure is the force that the air applies to the ground when gravity acts on it. At sea level, there is typically a pressure of 1013.25 millibars, or 14.7 pounds per square inch.
When the air pressure is high, what happens?High pressure frequently heralds sunny, dry weather. Clouds and precipitation are frequently indicative of low pressure. Air that is sinking is related with high pressure. Because it is pushing DOWN on the ground, air pressure is higher.
How do we react to air pressure?High barometric pressure exerts additional pressure against our bodies, which restricts how much tissue can expand. On the other hand, when air pressure is low, our body's tissues can expand more, which results in more pressure.
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a tank at is filled with of sulfur hexafluoride gas and of dinitrogen difluoride gas. you can assume both gases behave as ideal gases under these conditions. calculate the mole fraction and partial pressure of each gas, and the total pressure in the tank. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits. sulfur hexafluoride mole fraction: partial pressure: dinitrogen difluoride mole fraction: partial pressure: total pressure in tank:
The mole fraction of sulfur hexafluoride gas X(SF₆) = 0.361 and the mole fraction of dinitrogen difluoride gas X(N₂O) = 0.639
moles of each gas
n = m / M
where,
n: moles and m: mass, M: molar mass
SF₆: 16.7 g / 146.06 g/mol = 0.114 mol
N₂O: 8.88 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.202 mol
The total number of moles is 0.114 mol + 0.202 mol = 0.316 mol
To calculate the mole fraction of each gas
X = moles of gas / total number of moles
X(SF₆) = 0.114 mol / 0.316 mol = 0.361
X(N₂O) = 0.202 mol / 0.316 mol = 0.639
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✔ Question 1
Below is a picture of the rock strata of a mountain.
What can you infer about the layers in this picture?
Sedimentary rock layers are referred to as rock strata.
What is a rock?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks.
The sediment grains that are deposited by water, wind, or ice become sedimentary rocks. They are always formed in layers and are referred to as "beds" or "strata," and frequently include fossils.
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation are the processes that result in the formation of these horizontal layers. Newer layers are deposited and created during this process on top of older layers, allowing for the relative dating of each layer.
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how are components separated using distillation? the substance with the [ select ] vapor pressure is vaporized first, and then it is
The material with the lower boiling point vaporizes first when heated, then condenses and collects.
The heat that is generated during the condensation process of higher boiling vapor is what leads to the process of vaporization. Because it has such a huge surface area, the packing enables vapors to move freely between the ascending and descending directions. In the process of evaporation, the vaporization happens at a temperature lower than the boiling point, whereas in the distillation process, the vaporization happens at the boiling point.
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you run a reaction which will make ammonia (nh3) as a product. you predict that you should make 8.41 x 1024 molecules of ammonia in your reaction. how many grams of ammonia will you make if your prediction is correct?
The molecules of ammonia in your reaction. the grams of ammonia will you make is 2.39 g.
given that :
the no. of molecules of the ammonia : 8.41 × 10²⁴
molar mass of ammonia : 17 g /mol
no. of molecules = (mass / molar mass ) × Avogadro's number
8.41 × 10²⁴ = (mass / 17 ) × 6.022 × 10²³
mass = 17 / 7.1
mass = 2.39 g
Thus, a reaction which will make ammonia as a product. you predict that you should make 8.41 × 10²⁴ molecules of ammonia in your reaction. grams of ammonia will you make is 2.39 g.
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A btu is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one lb of water by one degree celsius.
a. True
b. False
Answer:One BTU is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water through 1 degree Fahrenheit
Explanation:
Describe early models of the atom in less than 75 words. Start with Democritis, mention the contributions of Aristotle, John Dalton, Rutherford, Thomson, and Bohr.
Democritus said matter can not be divided indefinitely, Aristotle said that matter was made of four elements while John Dalton proposed a modern atomic model based on experimentation. Rutherford said atoms are mostly empty space, Thompson brought about negative electrons in a positive framework. Bohr said that electrons orbit the nucleus in “shells.
What are the atomic models?There are many atomic models that was proposed which includes:
the Bohr model, the Rutherford model, the probability model, the orbital model, the probability orbit model, and the wave model.Rutherford in his experiment shot alpha (α) particles at gold foil whereby most particles passed through.
Hence he concluded the following:
atoms are mostly empty. a “nucleus” is positive and holds most of an atom’s massSome positive α-particles deflected or bounced back.
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what type of bonding orbital is always formed between hydrogena nd another atom in a covalent compound
When hydrogen forms a covalent bond with another atom, it typically forms a sigma (σ) bond. A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond.
A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond that is formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis connecting the two atoms. Sigma bonds are the strongest and most stable types of covalent bonds, and they are responsible for the majority of the bonding in most molecules.
In the case of hydrogen, the sigma bond is formed by the overlap of the 1s orbital on the hydrogen atom with an orbital on the other atom. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital on the hydrogen atom and is characterized by a spherical shape. When hydrogen forms a covalent bond with another atom, the sigma bond is typically the only bond that is formed. It is important to note that hydrogen can also form other types of bonds, such as pi (π) bonds, which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals perpendicular to the axis connecting the two atoms. However, these types of bonds are less common and are typically weaker than sigma bonds.
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a 150- mgmg sample of technetium-99 mm is used for a diagnostic test. if technetium-99 mm has a half-life of 6.0 hh , how many milligrams of the technetium-99 mm sample remains active 18 hh after the test? express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
a 150- mgmg sample of technetium-99 mm is used for a diagnostic test. if technetium-99 mm has a half-life of 6.0 hh , 19 milligrams of the technetium-99 mm sample remains active 18 hh after the test.
Decay of radioactive substances follows first-order kinetics. First order rate equation is A = Ao e-kt. Ao = Intial active amount of substances .
A = Active amount of substance after certain time (t), K = Decay constant. k = ln2 / t½, k = 0.693 / 6.0 hr, k = 0.1155 / hr. A = Ao e-kt A = 150 mg x e-0.1155 hr?¹ x 18.0 hr. A = 18.758 mg.So Answer = 19 g of remains active 18 h after the test.The half-life of a quantity is the time it requires to decrease to half of its original value. In nuclear physics, the term is usually used to describe how rapidly atoms undergo radioactivity or how long stable atoms live. The term is also used to describe any kind of exponentially decaying in general.
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Khloe is preheating her oven before using it to bake. Khloe wants to predict the final temperature after xx minutes. She wrote the equation y=20x+78y=20x+78, where yy represents the final temperature in degrees fahrenheit. What is the meaning of the yy-value when x=1x=1?.
The final temperature of the oven after being preheated, y is 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
What is the relationship between the final temperature and the time taken to preheat the oven?The relationship between the final temperature, y, and the time taken to preheat the oven, x is given by the equation below:
y = 20x + 78
where;
the final temperature is y,
and the time taken to preheat the oven is x
When x is equal to 1, the value of y can be determined as follows:
y = 20 (1) + 78
y = 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
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what special equipment did niels bohr use to develop his atomic model?
Neil Bohr used the fluorescent screen and an alpha particle detector to study the structure of an atom.
What is an atom?
An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.
Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.
The atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.
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true or false: the first step in the hydrogen burning process is a helium atom fusing with a hydrogen atom.
It is false that a helium atom fusing with a hydrogen atom is the initial stage in the hydrogen-burning process.
Four hydrogen protons and two electrons are used in the basic hydrogen fusion cycle, which results in the creation of a helium nucleus, two neutrinos, and six photons. The first stage in this three-phase process is the fusion of hydrogen into deuterium. In this collision of two protons, one proton decays into a neutron, which releases an antielectron and a neutrino.
The last proton joins the neutron to form a heavy hydrogen (deuterium) nucleus, and the newly created antielectron will annihilate with an electron to generate two very high-energy photons.
A proton is grabbed by a deuterium nucleus, which subsequently emits a photon and forms a 3He nucleus, in the second phase of the synthesis of helium-3.
The third phase involves recombining two helium-3 atoms into a single helium nucleus while emitting two protons.
Take note that for every time step 3 happens, steps 1 and 2 each occur twice. The total net energy released during this process is 26 MeV.
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a chemist reacted 0.20 moles 4-aminophenol (109.13 g/mol) with 0.25 moles of acetic anhydride (102.09 g/mol) to synthesize acetaminophen. if 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated, what was the percent yield of the reaction? (only type the number, not the percent sign)
If 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated. The percent yield of the reaction is 72.78 %.
Calculation :
C₆H₇NO + C₄H₆O₃ --> C₃H₉NO₂ + C₂H₄O₂
0.20 moles 0.25 moles 22g
limiting reagrnt --> C₆H₇NO
from reaction equation
.20 mol of acetaminophen = .20*151.163 = 30.23 g
% yield = (practical/ theoritical)yield* 100 = 72.78 %
reaction yield. The reaction yield (absolute yield) of a chemical reaction is the amount of pure, dry product recovered from the reaction. Relative yield or percent yield (%) is commonly calculated to measure the efficiency of chemical reactions in organic synthesis.
Yield, also called reaction yield, is a measure of the molar amount of product to reactant consumed in a chemical reaction, usually expressed as a percentage. Yield is one of the main factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. [2] In chemical reaction engineering, “yield,” “conversion,” and “selectivity” relate to unwanted products, how much of the starting material is consumed (conversion), how much of the desired production A term used to describe the rate at which something is formed (yield). (selectivity) represented as X, Y, and S
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what quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams
The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
What is molar mass?A compound's molar mass, which is measured in grams per mole, specifies how much of a given material weighs in one mole. In other terms, the molar mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms that make up a mole of a certain molecule, expressed in grams. As a result, the molar mass is measured in grams/mole.
The compound's molar mass is expressed in grams per mole, or g/mol. The mass of 1 mol, expressed in the SI as g/mol, is the definition of the molar mass. Example: Water has a molar mass of 18.016 g/mol.
Thus, The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
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The complete question is as follows:
What quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams?
a the molar mass of the substance
b the density of the substance
с the physical state of the substance
d all of the above
identify the following amino acids and their 3-letter and 1-letter abbreviations.
Symbol Shorthand named amino acid. Alanine is A. Ala. Arginine, R. Arg. Asparagine, N. Asn. Aspartic acid, D. Asp. Cysteine, or C. Cys.
An abbreviation with three letters is known as a three-letter acronym (TLA) or three-letter abbreviation. Symbol Shorthand named amino acid. Alanine is A. Ala. Arginine, R. Arg. Asparagine, N. Asn. Aspartic acid, D. Asp. Cysteine, or C. Cys. When a phrase is abbreviated, the first letters of the phrases are often capitalized (written in upper case); examples include etc. and Mrs. Gamma A neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, in your brain is called -aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is well known for its relaxing effects. However, some hints are beneficial. Two of them—F for phenylalanine and R for arginine—are phonetically suggestive. The tryptophan molecule's double ring corresponds to the hefty letter W.
(Identify the following amino acids and their 3-letter and 1-letter abbreviations.(Use capital letters where they are appropriate))
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a housewife used the aluminum can to keep vinegar. After sometime, it is found that the vinegar is spoiled. Give a reason.
Answer:
Explanation:She was wrong
For a laboratory exercise in class, a student is given a mixture of small pieces of iron, sand, water, and salt. what physical property could be used to best separate the iron from the other ingredients?
a. Solubility
b. Magnetism
c. Melting Point
d. Electrical Conductivity
Answer:
solubility
Explanation:
the solid substances will be added to water to see which one is soluble
Determine whether each of the examples represents a colligative property or non colligative property
1. freezing point depression
2. density
3. boiling point elevation
4. vapor pressure lowering
5. colour
a. colligative
b. non colligative
c. colligative
d. colligative
e. non colligative
Colligative qualities include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction. Color and density are non-colligative qualities.
Colligative qualities are those that rely on the number of particles of solute rather than the composition of the solute.
An example of a colligative property:
Reduced vapor pressure
Boiling point at an elevation
a drop in the freezing point
The osmotic pressure
Non-colligative qualities are those that are determined by the nature of the solute and solvent.
Non-colligative qualities include:
Viscosity
The surface tension
Density
Solubility
As a result, we may deduce that boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are all colligative qualities. Color and density are also non-colligative qualities.
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a 1.50 g sample of hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion to produce 4.40 g of co2 and 2.70 g of h2o. what is the empirical formula of this compound? in addition, its molecular weight has been determined to be about 78. what is the molecular formula?
the empirical composition of this substance Its molecular weight has also been calculated to be around 156.
the molecular equation Response: CGHG.
Calculate the grams of carbon and hydrogen in 4.40 g of CO2 and 2.70 g of H2O, respectively.
4.40 g x (12.011 g/44.0098 g) = 1.20083 g of carbon
2.70 g times (2.0158 g / 18.0152 g) Equals 0.3021482 g of hydrogen
2) Calculate the corresponding number of moles from the grams of C and H molecular weight..
20083 g / 12.011 g/mol = 0.09998 mol of carbon
In terms of hydrogen, 0.3021482 g / 1.0079 g/mol equals 0.2998 mol
3) To break up the molar amounts listed above into smaller, more manageable amounts, divide each one by its lowest value.
numbers.
0.09998 mol/0.09998 mol = 1 for carbon.
hydrogen: 0.298 mol/0.0998 mol = 2.9986 mol = 3
We have now discovered the solution: the substance's empirical formula is CGHG
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Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
salad
milk
paint
toothpaste
Answer:
salad
Explanation:
how are minerals classified? question 3 options: a) based on their chemical structure b) based on solubility c) based on amount needed per day d) based on food source
Based on their solubility, minerals are divided into categories.
Depending on the quantity required by the body, minerals are either categorised as significant minerals or trace minerals. Based on their solubility, minerals are divided into categories. Major minerals are all those that must be consumed in dietary quantities more than 100 mg daily. These include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. While vitamins are composed of the thirteen organic micronutrients that the body need for regular functioning, minerals are inorganic substances that are crucial to human nutrition. A mineral is an inorganic element and compound that occurs in nature and has a recognizable chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical characteristics. Quartz, granite, mica, actinolite, olivine, and calcite are examples of common minerals. Heiskanen defined classification as a process for dividing mineral combinations into two or more categories.
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how many grams are 2.9 moles of x1y4z6 where x has an atomic mass of 189.5 y has an atomic mass of 197.6 z has an atomic mass of 115.7
The mass of 2.9 mol of the given compound is 4854.89 g.
What is a mole?A mole can be specified as a standard unit that is used to determine a given count of particles. A mole can be used to evaluate a huge number of quantities of atoms, or molecules.
Given, the atomic mass of the X = 189.5
The atomic mass of Y = 197.6
The atomic mass of Z = 115.7
The molecular formula of the compound is X₁Y₄Z₆.
The mass of one mole or molar mass = 189.5 + 4 (197.6) + 6(115.7) = 1674
Given, the number of moles of X₁Y₄Z₆ = 2.9 mol
The mass of 2.9 moles of X₁Y₄Z₆ = 2.9 × 1674 = 4854.89 g
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g if a certain radioactive substance has a half-life of 7 days, how long, in days, does it take for the sample to decay to 1 3 of its original amount
Radioactive decay is the spontaneous decomposition of the unstable nucleus of an atom.The emission of a particle or a photon.
For example, alpha decay is radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus).
general formula used for decay
Nt=No(1/2)^T/t1/2T = duration of decay
t 1/2 = half-life
N₀ = the number of initial radioactive atoms
Nt = the number of radioactive atoms left after decaying during T time
t1/2=7 days
Nt/No=1/3
1/3=1/2^T/t1/2
6=T/14.3
T=85.8 days
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compare the temperature changes in the stratosphere with those in the thermosphere. Include the role of ozone in your explanation
The stratosphere, which can be found above the troposphere and below the mesosphere, is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere (/straetsfr, -to-).
What is stratosphere?The stratosphere is an atmospheric layer that is made up of stratified temperature levels, with the warm layers of air high in the sky and the cool layers of air low in the sky, near the surface of the Earth. The ozone layer's ability to block the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation is what causes temperatures to rise with altitude. As opposed to the troposphere, which is close to the Earth's surface, where temperature drops with height, the temperature inversion is a phenomenon.The tropopause border, which separates the temperature inversion from the troposphere, is located between the two layers of the atmosphere.The lower stratosphere can reach heights of 20 km (66,000 ft; 12 mi) close to the equator, 10 km (33,000 ft; 6.2 km) in midlatitudes, and roughly 7 km at the poles (23,000 ft; 4.3 mi). Temperatures range from a mean of 51 °C (60 °F; 220 K) near the tropopause to a mean of 15 °C (5.0 °F; 260 K) towards the mesosphere. The stratosphere's temperatures also alter with the seasons, dropping to especially low levels during the polar night (winter). In the Southern polar vortex, stratospheric winds can reach speeds of up to 60 m/s (220 km/h; 130 mph), significantly exceeding those in the troposphere.To Learn more About stratosphere, refer To:
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