a 150- mgmg sample of technetium-99 mm is used for a diagnostic test. if technetium-99 mm has a half-life of 6.0 hh , 19 milligrams of the technetium-99 mm sample remains active 18 hh after the test.
Decay of radioactive substances follows first-order kinetics. First order rate equation is A = Ao e-kt. Ao = Intial active amount of substances .
A = Active amount of substance after certain time (t), K = Decay constant. k = ln2 / t½, k = 0.693 / 6.0 hr, k = 0.1155 / hr. A = Ao e-kt A = 150 mg x e-0.1155 hr?¹ x 18.0 hr. A = 18.758 mg.So Answer = 19 g of remains active 18 h after the test.The half-life of a quantity is the time it requires to decrease to half of its original value. In nuclear physics, the term is usually used to describe how rapidly atoms undergo radioactivity or how long stable atoms live. The term is also used to describe any kind of exponentially decaying in general.
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The characteristics of two different types of reactions are shown below: Reaction A: Electrons are gained by the atoms of an element. Reaction B: Protons are lost by the atom of an element. Which statement is true about the atoms of the elements that participate in the two reactions? a Their identity changes in both Reaction A and Reaction B. b Their identity changes in Reaction A but not in Reaction B. c Their identity changes in Reaction B but not in Reaction A. d Their identity remains the same in both Reaction A and Reaction B.
Answer:
C: B's identity changes, but not A's identity. The identity of an element is solely dependent on the number of protons. For example, 2 protons in an element would be Helium. But if you add or subtract protons you would get a different element like Hydrogen or Lithium. However, such a rule does not apply to electrons; adding or removing electrons would just change the charge of the element, but not the identity.
c is the correct choice
what is the formal charge on phosphorus in a lewis structure for the phosphate ion that satisfies the octet rule?
The formal charge on phosphorus in a lewis structure for the phosphate ion that satisfies the octet rule is 0.
What is a Lewis structure?
All valence electrons are represented by Lewis structures, which are structural formulas for molecules and polyatomic ions. These structural formulas are commonly referred to as Lewis dot structures since valence electrons are frequently shown as dots.
Why is Lewis structure used?
Chemical bonds and atomic structures are examined and understood using Lewis structures. The type of bonds created between atoms using valence electrons or/and lone pairs, as well as the number of bonds an atom can or will form with other atoms, can all be determined using Lewis dot diagrams.
Lewis structure of phosphate (po43-) ion.Formal charge= no. of valence electrons - no. of non bonding valence electrons- [tex]\frac{total no. of bonded electrons }{2}[/tex]
Formal charge of P= 5-0-[tex]\frac{10}{2}[/tex] = 0
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according to the building-up principle or aufbau principle, which subshell is typically filled next after the 6s subshell?
Aufbau's principle states that an electron in an atom is filled according to the energy of orbitals, orbital with minimum energy is first filled, and so on.
so the order of filling of electrons in orbitals are 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s.
so, the 4f subshell is filled after the complete filling of electrons in 6s.
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an atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is a. a hadron. b. a baryon. c. an ion. d. an isotope. e. none of these
An ion is an atom with an unbalanced ratio of protons to electrons. Atoms or molecules having associated net charges greater than zero are referred to as "ions."
a charged molecule or atom is referred to as an ion. It charges up or down depending on whether one or more electrons are gained or lost. Because of this, it can have a positive or negative charge. Consequently, an ion becomes charged when there is an imbalance between the proportion of positively charged protons to negatively charged electrons. Ions can be categorised into one of two major types. Cations and anions are what they are.A superscript with a plus sign and the number before the plus sign is applied to the chemical formula to represent the symbol for a cation.Anions are represented similarly to cations by the charge number followed by a negative sign.Another subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge is the proton. They are present in the atom's nucleus.
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when aqueous solutions of iron(iii) sulfate and potassium phosphate are combined, solid iron(iii) phosphate and a solution of potassium sulfate are formed. the net ionic equation for this reaction is:
The solubility laws that regulate ionic chemicals in an aqueous solution are the main focus of double replacement reactions. The insoluble iron(III) phosphate, FePO4, precipitates out of the solution when these two solutions are combined because the iron(III) cations and phosphate anions combine to make it.
FeBr3(aq)+K3PO4(aq)→FePO4(s)⏐↓+3KBr(aq)
Ionic equations are chemical formulas in which the electrolytes in aqueous solution are stated as dissociated ions, in contrast to molecular equations, which express compounds as molecules. The ionic species are typically followed by (aq) in the equation to denote that they are in an aqueous solution, and the substance in question is typically a salt that has been dissolved in water.
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which halogen forms the weakest bond to carbon? rev: 12 08 2020 qc cs-243801 multiple choice f cl br i
The halogen forms the weakest bond to carbon is Iodine due to vary size difference between iodine and a carbon
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a halogen, which means it is a highly reactive, nonmetal element that occurs in the periodic table among the highly reactive nonmetals. Iodine is a blue-black, lustrous solid that sublimates (turns from a solid directly into a gas) at standard temperature and pressure. It has a melting point of 386.85 degrees Fahrenheit (193.65 degrees Celsius) and a boiling point of 575.1 degrees Fahrenheit (302.9 degrees Celsius). Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. It plays a vital role in the production of thyroid hormones, which are important for normal growth and development. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, absorbs iodine from the blood and uses it to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland.
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Choose the exothermic reaction that is used to ignite the Mg + Oxygen reaction (step 2) that eventually lights the thermite.
2 H2 + O2 ----> 2 H2O
2 Na + O2 ----> Na2O
CH4 + 2 O2 ----> 2 H2O + CO2
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 ----> 8 CO2 + 5 H2O
The reaction that can light the thermite is the combination of methane and oxygen. Option C
What is an ignition reaction?There is an ignition reaction when we burn a substance in another substance. Now, we know that an exothermic reaction refers to the kind of reaction hat is able to produce heat.
Since the exothermic reaction can be able to produce heat, this is the reaction that we can use to light the reaction between the magnesium and the oxygen so that we can be able to light the thermite.
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color of the solution in the control changed? 4) infer. when you began the experiment, was there co2 in the water? in the test tubes that contained elodea, where did the co2 go?
The water was, indeed, green. This signifies a low carbon dioxide level. Carbon dioxide was utilized in the photosynthesis activity in the tubes containing Elodea.
Carbon dioxide is a compound consisting of molecules that are covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. At ambient temperature, it appears to exist as just a gas. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is translucent to visible to the human eye but soaks up infrared light, acting as a greenhouse gas. Photosynthesis is the process that plants as well as other microbes use to convert chemical energy into light that can then be released to power the individual's activities via cellular respiration.
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classify each of the following characteristics as related to fusion, fission, or both
Used in nuclear
power plants
Byproducts have
long half-lives
Needs very high
temperatures
Releases lots
of energy
Occurs on the sun
Fission only
Fusion only
Fission and fusion
Nuclear Fission include used in nuclear power plants and byproducts have long half-lives, Nuclear fusion includes occurs on the sun and needs very high temperatures, while Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion includes release lots of energy.
What are Nuclear fission nuclear and Nuclear fusion?Nuclear fission is a physico chemical process caused when an atom divides into two smaller atoms, which released important amounts of energy and it is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.
Conversely, Nuclear fusion occurs when smaller atoms such as hydrogen fuse to form larger atoms, which is able to generate much more energy when compares to Nuclear fusion, and this process fuel energy in the sun.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that fission nuclear and fusion nuclear are very different processes in terms of the division of fusion of atoms and they release differential amounts of energy.
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Plastic beads used in jewelry making are made of long molecules usually consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Compare the bonding in these molecules to the bonding in gems.
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond. Gems have ionic bonds formed between metals and nonmetals. Plastic beads, will have covalent bonds because it is easily deformed.
Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.
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if we use a to represent the cations (in blue) and x to represent the anions (in green), what is the empirical formula of this ionic compound?
The empirical formula for the compound if A denotes the cations and X denotes the anions is AX₂
It is given that the cations are denoted by Blue color and the anions with green color. There are 8 atoms in the corners and 6 in the face center. Then,
No of atoms in a total of all corners = 8 x 1/8
No of atoms in the corners = 1
No of atoms in the faces = 6 x 1/2
No of atoms in the faces = 3
Then,
Total no of cations atoms = total number of atoms in the corners + the total number of atoms in the faces
Total number of cations (A) = 1 + 3
Total number of cations (A) = 4
The total number of anions in the cell is 8 from the figures as they aren't shared with another lattice arrangement. Therefore,
Number of anions (X) = 8
Then the empirical formula would be A₄X₈ which could be written in the simplified form of AX₂.
Thus, the empirical formula is AX₂ for the arrangement.
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which list contains only strong acids? (5 points) a. hcl, hno3, hf, hclo4 b. h2so4, h3po4, hclo4, nh3 c. hno3, h2so4, naoh, h3po4 d. hcl, hno3, h3po4, hclo4 e. hcl, h2so4, hclo4, hi
a. hcl, hno3, hf, hclo4 b. h2so4 list contains only strong acids.
Chloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid are the 7 main acids. These are strong acids since they can completely dissociate in water. A strong acid is described as an acetone that completely disintegrates when added to water. Because the hydrochloric acid inside the preceding example donates every one of its protons to the remedy and totally dissolves, it is classified as a strong acid.
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when 2.16g of h2 reacts with excess o2 by the following equation, 258kj of heat are released. what is the change of enthalpy associated with the reaction of 1.00mol of hydrogen gas?
when 2.16g of h2 reacts with excess o2 by the following equation, 258kj of heat are released. the change of enthalpy associated with the reaction of 1.00mol of hydrogen gas is -241 KJ
Molar mass of H2 = 2.016 g/mol,mass(H2)= 2.16 g
use:number of mol of H2,n = mass of H2/molar mass of H2=(2.16 g)/(2.016 g/mol) = 1.071 mol
For 1.071 mol of H2, heat released = 258 KJ So,
for 1 mol, heat released = 258/1.071 KJ = 241 KJ
Since this is heat released, sign will be negative
Answer: -241 KJ. The amount of energy progressed or subsumed in a reaction at constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. It is represented by the symbol ΔH, read as "delta H". It should be noted that the term "enthalpy change" only pertains to reactions performed at constant pressure. As a result, if a reaction emits more electricity than it absorbs, the reaction is exothermic, and the enthalpy is negative. Consider this as a quantity of heat departing (or being deducted from) the reaction.
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nickel has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. what is its atomic radius?
The nickel has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. its atomic radius is 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.
given that :
density = 8.90 g/ cm³
the density is given as :
density = mass / volume
no. of atoms = 8 (1/8) + 6(1/2)
volume = (r × 8 (1/8))³
mass = 4 atoms × mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol
density = mass / volume
8.90 g/ cm³ = (4 atoms × mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol ) / (r × 8 (1/8))³
r = 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm
Thus, the atomic radius is 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.
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333
Identifying States of Matter
Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements.
✓have a definite shape and volume.
do not have a definite volume or shape.
have a definite volume, but the shape may change.
States of matter:
Solids: have a definite shape and volume.
Gases: do not have a definite volume or shape.
Liquids: have a definite volume, but the shape may change.
What is states of matter?
States of matter refer to the physical behavior of matter based on its temperature and pressure. There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
There are also several other states of matter, such as plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate, that are observed under certain conditions, such as extremely high temperatures or pressures.
According to the problem:
Solids are characterized by their ability to maintain a fixed shape and volume. They are typically solid at room temperature and have a high degree of structural rigidity.
Gases, on the other hand, do not have a definite shape or volume. They are characterized by their ability to expand and fill any container they are placed in. Gases are typically in a gaseous state at room temperature and are highly compressible.
Liquids are intermediate between solids and gases. They have a definite volume, but the shape may change to conform to the shape of their container. Liquids are typically liquid at room temperature and are less compressible than gases, but more compressible than solids.
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Predict the products and balance the equation.
NaCl (aq) + KNO₂ (aq) →
Sodium chloride is produced and used in the production of polyester, paper, rubber, glass, chlorine, household bleach, soaps, detergents, and dyes.
Is salt the same as sodium chloride?Chemically speaking, salt is a combination of chloride and sodium. Actually, the element that is most harmful to your health is sodium. (Therefore, the chloride is what gives food its "salty" flavor.).
Why do doctors administer sodium chloride to patients?To replace salt and water that have been lost from your body as a result of specific conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Additionally, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).
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is a chemist has 1.87 moles of na2o and causes it to decompose into its constitiuent elemtns how many moles of na will form
3.74 moles of Na will be produced after the decomposition of Na₂O.
The decomposition reaction of Na2 is as follows:
2Na₂o → 4Na + o₂
Given, moles of Na₂o = 1.87
From stoichiometric coefficient 2 in Na₂o, after decomposition we get coefficient as 4 of Na. That means the yield of Na is double the reactant.
Hence, the moles of Na after decomposition= 2 x 1.87 = 3.74 moles
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F. According to the rules for naming compounds that you learned in this course, what is the
chemical name of this new product? What is its common name? (2 points)
Molecular compounds are termed by using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element. Numerical prefixes are used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule.
What does "chemical common name" mean?The IUPAC defines a common name as one that clearly identifies a chemical but does not adhere to the current systematic naming convention. Acetone, which bears the scientific term, serves as an illustration of a common name. 2-propanone
What is the short answer to chemical?A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.
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a brittle white crystalline solid has a melting point of 760 c and reacts when added to water. this substance is most likely what type of solid
A brittle white crystalline solid reacts with when added to water is Quartz. It is a metamorphic solid.
Quartz is the most abundant silica mineral. Pure Quartz is colorless and transparent. It occurs in most igneous and practically all metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is used as a component of numerous industrial materials. Silicon (Si) has the atomic number 14 and is closely related to carbon. It is a relatively inert metalloid. Silicon is often used for microchips, glass, cement, and pottery. Silica is the most abundant mineral found in the crust of the earth. One of the most common uses of silica quarts is the manufacturer of glass. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Its chemical name is SiO2.
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Please help with this:
Typically, hard water used in a lab class would have been prepared by adding 1 gram of
magnesium sulfate per liter of distilled water. Magnesium sulfate contains 20.2%
magnesium ions by mass. What is its hardness in grains per gallon (GPG)? (One GPG
equals 17.1 mg/L.)
One grain of calcium carbonate, or 64.8 milligrams, is dissolved in one US gallon of water to represent one grain per gallon (gpg), a measure of water hardness (3.785412 L).
What is Water Hardness Measurement Scales?Understanding your test findings necessitates familiarity with the many water hardness testing scales that are employed. The majority of results are provided as a number that indicates the amount of calcium carbonate or calcium carbonate equivalents present in a specific unit of water. Depending on the measurement method, this value may be given in grains per gallon (gpg), parts per million (ppm), or milligrammes per litre (mg/L).Per Gallon of Grains Measurement of water hardnessThe hardness scale, expressed in gpg of calcium carbonate, can be seen as follows, according to the Water Quality Association:Soft is defined as gpg less than 1.An intermediate level of difficulty is between 1 and 3.5 gpg.The category of fairly challenging ranges from 3.5 to 7 gpg.The hard range is between 7 and 10.5 gpg.It's regarded quite difficult to get above 10.5 gpg.To Learn more About grain per gallon refer to:
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this is the chemical formula for cassiterite (tin ore): a geochemist has determined by measurements that there are moles of tin in a sample of cassiterite. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample? round your answer to significant digits.
There are two moles of oxygen in cassiterite (tin ore), SnO2, for every mole of tin. As a result, if we have 13 moles of tin, we should have 13 * 2 moles of oxygen. This results in 26 moles of oxygen.
Cassiterite (SnO2) is the most essential tin ore, and it is frequently located in granite veins, granite pegmatites, and greisen. The name is derived from the Greek kassiteros, which means tin.
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral with the chemical formula SnO2. It is the primary significant source of tin, accounting for the majority of the world's supply. Primary cassiterite is found in trace amounts in igneous and metamorphic rocks all over the world. It is a mineral that can be found in soils and sediments. Cassiterite is more resistant to deterioration than many other minerals, so it is found in stream and shoreline sediments. Colors include black, brownish black, reddish brown, brown red, yellow, gray, and white.
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the epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart c. is always visible in all cardiac views d. all of the above e. a and b onl
The epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.
It is the posterior fat pad that is a sign that indicates a pathology when one looks at an x-ray. When a crescent fat is observed in the x-ray, it indicates there is an elbow joint effusion since normally the posterior fat cannot be seen from the x-ray.
In radiography, X-rays are used to view inner parts of the body for medical observation, analysis and to know the treatment procedure to adopt.
When a non visible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, then it generally suggests a negative study for injury. This means that the features observed are unrelated to any type of injury. This eliminates option c.
Therefore, only option a and b are correct that the epicardial fat pad . a. can be mistaken for a pericardial effusion b. appears heteroechoic and moves with the heart.
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(d) Caesium is another element in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
(i) The table below lists some statements about the reaction of caesium with
cold water compared to the reaction of lithium with cold water.
Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the two correct statements.
the reaction with caesium is more vigorous
the reaction with caesium produces a different gas
the reaction with caesium produces an acidic solution
the reaction with caesium produces a different compound
the reaction of caesium is endothermic
Answer: The reaction with caesium is more vigourus.
The reaction with caesium produces different compund.
Explanation:
Cold water and cesium react to produce hydrogen gas and a mixture of cesium and hydroxide ions as byproducts.
calculate the volume in liters of a mm silver(ii) oxide solution that contains of silver(ii) oxide . round your answer to significant digits.
The volume of the solution is 1.84 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] L.
The formula used to get the molarity of the solution is used to determine the volume of the solution:
Molarity= [tex]\frac{Mass of the solute}{molar mass of solute * Volume of solution(in L)}[/tex]
We are given:
Molarity of solution = 8.75 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M
Given the mass of silver (II) oxide = 200 g
Molar mass of silver (II) oxide = 124 g/mol
Put the values in the formula:
8.75 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex][tex]10^{-5}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{200}{124* Volume}[/tex]
Volume= 1.84 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] M
A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The most used molarity unit in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.
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How can we increase a pulley's output force?
Answer:
Two ways is by reducing the mass of the pulley we can increase its efficiency and by applying more force than usual
Explanation:
what should be added to a separatory funnel in order to partition an acidic organic compound into the aqueous layer? group of answer choices
NaCl or NH4Cl should be added to a separatory funnel in order to partition an acidic organic compound into aqeous layer.
What is aqeous layer?If it is difficult to tracking where the water droplets go, also keeping track of the volumes of the layers: whichever layer increased with the additional of water is the aqeous layer.
The aqeous phases is water-based and can be an acidic, basic, neutral, or a saturated salt solutions. The organic phase is an organics solvent, usually diethyl ether or dichlorophenoline, which has minimalist solubility in water. For instance, ethanol would be a poor extractions solvent because it forms a solution within water.
One methods is to add NaCl or NH4Cl should to the separatory funnels, which dissolved in the aqueous layer and Decreased the ability of organics compounds to dissolve in water ("salting out").
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how to balance: CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) ⟶ Ca3(PO4)2(s) + NaCl(aq)
can someone explain how to do it? thanks
The given double displacement reaction can be balanced as written below:
[tex]\rm 3CaCl_{2} + 2Na_{3}PO_{4} \rightarrow Ca_{3}PO_{4} + 6 NaCl \\[/tex]
What is displacement reaction?Displacement reactions are those in which one or two groups are replaced to form the new products. There are both single displacement reaction and double double displacement reactions.
In single displacement reactions, only one reactant will be replaced in the reaction whereas in double displacement reactions, two groups from the reactants are exchanged each other.
In the given reaction, the phosphate group is replaced to Ca and the Cl is group is shifted to Na metal as written in the chemical equation.
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Draw the Lewis structure for SF6 and then answer the following questions that follow.
-Do not include overall ion charges or formal charges in your drawing.
Questions:
1). What is the electron-pair geometry for S in SF6?
2). What is the shape (molecular geometry) of SF6?
SF6 molecular geometry will be octahedral because if we look at the structure sulphur hexafluoride has a central sulphur atom around which12 electrons or 6 electron pairs are present and there are no lone pairs.
What is SF6?Sulphur hexafluoride – also known as SF6 – is a ‘greenhouse gas’ that has long played a part in global warming, similar to that of carbon dioxide (CO2).CO2 has been a focal point of climate change for many years. Released from the burning of fossil fuels and other carbon-intensive practices, it creates a cover that traps heat from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, warming the planet and the oceans. This is what’s known as the ‘greenhouse effect’.SF6 also has this effect, but is much more potent than CO2. Today, wider understanding of the potency of this gas – and the need to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 in order to tackle climate change – is causing a rethink of its use.To learn more about ‘greenhouse effect’ refer to:
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How specifically is kinetic energy lost during a car crash?
Answer + Explanation:
During a car crash, kinetic energy is lost through various forms of deformation of the vehicle and the generation of heat.
When a car collides with another object, the force of the impact causes the vehicle's body and structure to deform. This deformation absorbs some of the kinetic energy and converts it into other forms of energy, such as heat and sound.
In addition, friction between the moving parts of the car and between the car and the road can also generate heat, which absorbs some of the kinetic energy.
The amount of kinetic energy lost during a car crash depends on the mass of the vehicle, the speed at which it was traveling, and the type and severity of the collision. In general, higher speeds and more severe collisions result in greater kinetic energy loss.
what is the nuclear binding energy per mole if the mass defect of a certain isotope is 0.1172 u per atom or 0.1172 g per mol? express your answer in joules. remember to use self-consistent units.
4.447 x10^13 J is the nuclear binding energy per mole if the mass defect of a certain isotope is 0.1172 u per atom or 0.1172 g per mol? express your answer in joules.
BE = dleta mc^2.
Given that, delta m = mass defect = 0.4941 g per mol = 0.4941/1000 kg/mol c = 3x10^8 m/s
BE = ( 0.4941/1000) x (3x10^8)^2= 4.4469 x10^13
= 4.447 x10^13 J
Nuclear binding energy is energy required to completely separate an atomic nucleus in with its constituting protons and neutrons, or the energy freed by combining protons and neutrons into a single nucleus. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but number of protons. They have nearly identical chemical composition but differ in volume and thus in physicochemical parameters.
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