11:10 OZ Quiz 4 Question 10/10 Take a look at the transit light curve on the slide titled "Planetary Transits (Eclipses)" from Lecture 7. Come up with an equation that will allow you to solve for the transiting planet's radius in terms of the star's radius, the normal flux of the star, and the minimum flux of the star during the transit. Then use this equation to solve for the radius of the planet if HD179070's radius is 1.86 times the radius of the Sun. Please give your answer in units of km. ​

The kinetic energy of the elephant and the bicycle after it stops is 0 J.

To calculate the kinetic energy of the elephant and the bicycle after it comes to a stop, we can use the equation:

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 * mass * velocity^2

First, we need to convert the stopping force from kilonewtons (kN) to newtons (N). Since 1 kN = 1000 N, the stopping force of -2 kN is equal to -2000 N.

The mass of the elephant and the bicycle combined is given as 2297 kg.

The initial velocity is 1.6 m/s, and we know that the object comes to a stop, so the final velocity is 0 m/s.

Using the equation for kinetic energy, we can calculate the initial kinetic energy:

Initial Kinetic Energy = 1/2 * mass * velocity^2

Initial Kinetic Energy = 1/2 * 2297 kg * (1.6 m/s)^2

Initial Kinetic Energy = 1/2 * 2297 kg * 2.56 m^2/s^2

Initial Kinetic Energy = 2943.232 J

Now, since the object comes to a stop, all the initial kinetic energy is converted to other forms (such as heat or sound) due to the braking force.

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The approximate vertical component of the initial velocity is `21.7 m/s`. The vertical component of an initial velocity in a projectile motion is given by the equation: `Vy = V₀sin(θ)` where `V₀` is the initial velocity of the projectile, `θ` is the angle at which the projectile was thrown and `Vy` is the vertical component of the initial velocity.

The vertical component of an initial velocity in a projectile motion is given by the equation: `

Vy = V₀sin(θ)`

With the given values `V₀ = 25 m/s` and `θ = 60°`,

The vertical component of the initial velocity is:
Vy = V₀sin(θ)
Vy = (25 m/s) sin(60°)
Vy ≈ 21.7 m/s
Therefore, the approximate vertical component of the initial velocity is `21.7 m/s`.

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The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has identified 88 constellations.

A constellation is an area of the celestial sphere as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

There are 88 constellations, each with a particular area and a list of stars associated with it. The majority of constellations are named after ancient Greek and Roman mythological characters, with a few named after animals, scientific instruments, and seasonal objects like planets and the zodiac, as well as a handful named after navigational tools and historical figures. The concept of constellations dates back thousands of years, and their use in astronomy has allowed astronomers to create a map of the sky and chart the motions of celestial objects.

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Electric current refers to a stream of moving electrons.

Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor. In most cases, this charge is carried by electrons, which are negatively charged particles. When a voltage or potential difference is applied across a conductor, such as a wire, the electrons experience a force that causes them to move in a coordinated manner. This movement of electrons constitutes the electric current. The current flows in the opposite direction of the electron flow, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the voltage source. It is important to note that electric current can also be carried by other charged particles in specific contexts, but in general, it refers to the flow of electrons.

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The velocity of the car include the following: C. 16.7 meters/second.

In Science and Physics, momentum can be defined as a multiplication of the mass of a physical object by its velocity.

Generally speaking, the momentum of a physical object can be calculated by using the following mathematical equation (formula):

Momentum = mass × velocity

By substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have the following;

2. 00 × 10⁴ = 1.20 × 10³ × velocity

Velocity = 2. 00 × 10⁴/1.20 × 10³

Velocity = 16.7 meters/second.

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Complete Question:

A car has a mass of 1.20 × 10³ kilograms and a momentum of 2. 00 × 10⁴ kilogram meters/second. What is the velocity of the car? A. 0. 06 meters/second B. 6. 0 meters/second C. 16. 7 meters/second D. 60. 0 meters/second E. 167 meters/second.

The impulse of an object is defined as the product of the force applied to it and the time interval over which the force acts. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:    

Impulse = Force × Time

Given:

Force (F) = 9.5 N

Time (t) = 0.50 s

Plugging in the values, we have:

Impulse = 9.5 N × 0.50 s

Impulse = 4.75 N·s

Therefore, the impulse on the peg is 4.75 N·s.

Impulse is a measure of the change in momentum experienced by an object. In this case, the rock applies a force of 9.5 N to the peg for a duration of 0.50 s. The product of force and time gives us the impulse, which indicates the change in momentum of the peg as a result of the rock's impact.

It's important to note that impulse is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. However, since the problem does not specify any directional component, we consider only the magnitude of the impulse, which is 4.75 N·s

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The new angular speed when the man walks to a point 0 m from the center is 1.41 rad/s.

The change in kinetic energy due to this movement is 193 J.

Part 1

To solve this, use the following equation:

ω = ω_0 × I_0 / I_f

where:

ω = new angular speed

ω_0 = initial angular speed

I_0 = initial moment of inertia

I_f = final moment of inertia

The initial angular speed is given as 0.35 rev/s. The initial moment of inertia is the moment of inertia of the merry-go-round alone. The final moment of inertia is the moment of inertia of the merry-go-round plus the man.

The moment of inertia of a solid cylinder is given by the following equation:

I = mr²

where:

I = moment of inertia

m = mass

r = radius

The mass of the merry-go-round is 50 kg and the radius is 2.5 m. The mass of the man is 86 kg.

Plugging these values into the equation:

I_0 = 50 kg × (2.5 m)² = 312.5 kg m²

I_f = 50 kg × (2.5 m)² + 86 kg × 0 m² = 312.5 kg m²

Plugging these values into the equation for ω:

ω = 0.35 rev/s × 312.5 kg m² / 312.5 kg m² = 1.41 rad/s

Part 2

The kinetic energy of a rotating object is given by the following equation:

K = 1/2 I ω²

where:

K = kinetic energy

I = moment of inertia

ω = angular speed

The initial kinetic energy is the kinetic energy of the merry-go-round alone. The final kinetic energy is the kinetic energy of the merry-go-round plus the man.

Plugging the values for I and ω into the equation for K:

K_0 = 1/2 × 312.5 kg m² × (0.35 rev/s)² = 13.8 J

K_f = 1/2 × 312.5 kg m² × (1.41 rad/s)² = 206.25 J

The change in kinetic energy is K_f - K_0 = 206.25 J - 13.8 J = 193 J.

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The initial velocity of a projectile launched horizontally can be calculated using the equation of distance covered horizontally (x) = Initial velocity (u)  Time of flight (t). The horizontal component of the initial velocity can be determined by x = u  t, t = 1.63 s, x = 6.5 mu = x / t = 6.5 m / 1.63 su = 3.99 m/s  4.00 m/s.

The initial velocity of the projectile that was launched horizontally can be calculated using the equation below: Distance covered horizontally (x) = Initial velocity (u) × Time of flight (t) where, Time of flight (t) can be found using the formula below: t = [2 × vertical height (h)] / g where ,g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s².The vertical height (h) of the projectile is 8.0 m. So the time of flight of the projectile will bet = [2 × 8.0 m] / 9.8 m/s²t = 1.63 s Therefore, the horizontal component of the projectile’s initial velocity can be determined by: x = u × tt = 1.63 s, x = 6.5 mu = x / t = 6.5 m / 1.63 su = 3.99 m/s ≈ 4.00 m/s. So, the projectile was launched horizontally with a velocity of 4.00 m/s (rounded to the nearest hundredth).Content loaded: The term “content loaded” is used to indicate that the contents of a webpage or app have finished loading and are ready for viewing or use.

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The energy of the photon is determined as 1.1 x 10⁻¹⁶ J.

The energy of the photon is calculated by applying the following formula as follows;

E = hf

where;

The given parameters include;

frequency of the photon = 1. 7 × 10¹⁷ Hz

Planck’s constant is 6. 63 × 10⁻³⁴ J•s

The energy of the photon is calculated as follows;

E =  6. 63 × 10⁻³⁴ J•s  x 1. 7 × 10¹⁷ Hz  

E = 1.1 x 10⁻¹⁶ J

Thus, the energy of the photon is determined as 1.1 x 10⁻¹⁶ J.

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A call can supply circuit of 0. 4A and 0. 2A through a 4ohms and 10 ohms resistor respectively what is the internal resistant of the cellThe internal resistance of the cell is 3 ohms.

According to Ohm's Law, the current in a circuit can be determined using the equation I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance. In this case, we have two resistors connected in parallel. Let's assume the voltage of the cell is V.

For the 4-ohm resistor, the current is given as 0.4A. Using Ohm's Law, we can calculate the voltage across the resistor as V1 = I1 * R1 = 0.4A * 4ohms = 1.6V.

For the 10-ohm resistor, the current is given as 0.2A. Using Ohm's Law, we can calculate the voltage across the resistor as V2 = I2 * R2 = 0.2A * 10ohms = 2V.

Since the resistors are in parallel, the voltage across both resistors is the same, so V1 = V2. This means the internal resistance of the cell can be calculated as V = I * r, where r is the internal resistance. Substituting the values, we have 1.6V = 0.4A * r, which gives us r = 1.6V / 0.4A = 4 ohms.

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These individuals were important because they fought for the rights and freedom of their respective nations and inspired movements for independence throughout Latin America.

Leaders in the struggle for independence and liberation from colonial rule in Latin America.Simon Bolivar, known as "The Liberator," played a crucial role in the liberation of several South American countries from Spanish rule. He led military campaigns and established independent nations, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Jose de San Martin was a military leader from Argentina who also played a significant role in the fight for independence. He led the liberation of several South American countries, including Argentina, Chile, and Peru. San Martin is recognized for his strategic military campaigns and his efforts to unite different regions under the banner of independence.

Toussaint L'Ouverture, a key figure in Haitian history, led the Haitian Revolution, which resulted in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent Black republic in the Americas. L'Ouverture's leadership and military prowess played a crucial role in the successful resistance against French colonial rule and the abolition of slavery in Haiti.

These individuals were important because they fought for the rights and freedom of their respective nations and inspired movements for independence throughout Latin America. Their actions and leadership contributed to the eventual establishment of independent nations and the end of colonial dominance in the region.

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To find the time it would take to vertically lift the bag of cement, we can use the formula:

Work = Power × Time

Given that the input power of the electric motor is 160 W and 120 W of power is dissipated, we can calculate the effective power used for lifting the load:

Effective Power = Input Power - Dissipated Power

Effective Power = 160 W - 120 W

Effective Power = 40 W

Now, we can use the formula for work to find the time:

Work = Power × Time

Work = 40 W × Time

We know that work is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance traveled:

Work = Force × Distance

Work = 400 N × 10 m

Work = 4000 joules

Now we can substitute the value of work into the equation:

4000 joules = 40 W × Time

To solve for time, we rearrange the equation:

Time = 4000 joules / 40 W

Time = 100 seconds

Therefore, it would take 100 seconds to vertically lift the 400 N bag of cement through a distance of 10 m.

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All power generating systems work on the same basic principle of converting kinetic energy, generated through the combustion of fuels or from the movement of wind or water, into electrical energy. This energy is then used to drive a generator or to produce electricity.

Power generating systems convert kinetic energy, generated through the combustion of fuels or from the movement of wind or water, into electrical energy. The most common types of power generating systems include thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, and solar power plants. All of these systems convert energy into electricity using a generator or other means to produce electrical power.

Thermal power plants generate electricity by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or gas to heat water into steam. The steam then turns a turbine that drives a generator to produce electricity.Nuclear power plants use nuclear reactions to heat water into steam, which then turns a turbine to generate electricity.Hydroelectric power plants generate electricity using the kinetic energy of falling water to turn turbines and produce electricity.Wind power plants use the kinetic energy of wind to turn turbines and generate electricity.Solar power plants generate electricity using photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electrical energy.

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A minimum of 48 of the 120 W lightbulbs must be connected in parallel to the 210 V household circuit in order to trip a 27.0 A circuit breaker.

To determine the minimum number of 120 W lightbulbs that must be connected in parallel to trip a 27.0 A circuit breaker, we need to calculate the total power consumption of the lightbulbs and compare it to the maximum power the circuit breaker can handle.

The power (P) of a lightbulb is given by P = V * I, where V is the voltage and I is the current.

Given:

Power per lightbulb (P) = 120 W

Voltage (V) = 210 V

Circuit breaker current (I) = 27.0 A

To calculate the current consumption of a single lightbulb, we rearrange the power equation:

I = P / V

I = 120 W / 210 V

I ≈ 0.571 A

Now, to determine the minimum number of lightbulbs, we divide the circuit breaker current by the current consumption of a single lightbulb:

Number of lightbulbs = Circuit breaker current / Current per lightbulb

Number of lightbulbs = 27.0 A / 0.571 A

Number of lightbulbs ≈ 47.24

Since the number of lightbulbs must be a whole number, we round up to the nearest whole number:

Number of lightbulbs = 48

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The friction force depends on two factors: the normal force and the coefficient of friction. The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of an object, while the coefficient of friction measures how difficult it is to slide one surface over another. F = N.

The friction force depends on two factors: the normal force and the coefficient of friction. The normal force is the force that acts perpendicular to the surface of an object, while the coefficient of friction is a measure of how difficult it is to slide one surface over another. The friction force depends on the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces in contact, which is given by the product of the coefficient of friction and the normal force. Mathematically, F = N, where F is the force of friction,  is the coefficient of friction, and N is the normal force.

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Total 2.54 cm far below the interface between the two liquids is the bottom of the block.

Oil having a density of floats on water = 930 kg/m^3

A rectangular block of wood height = 4.19 cm

A rectangular block of wood having density of floats partly in the oil and partly in the water = 979 kg/m3

We have determine how far below the interface between the two liquids is the bottom of the block.

For the equilibrium:

ρ(wood)gh - ρ(oil)g(h−x) - ρ(water)gx = 0

ρ(wood)h - ρ(oil)(h−x) - ρ(water)x = 0

(974)(3.97) - 928(3.97−x)−1000x = 0

3866.78 - 3684.16 + 928x - 1000x = 0

Simplify

182.62 - 72x = 0

Add 72x on both side we get

72x = 182.62

Divide by 72 on both side, we get

x = 2.54 cm

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The complete question is:

Oil having a density of 930 kg/m^3 floats on water. A rectangular block of wood 4.19 cm high and with a density of 979 kg/m3 floats partly in the oil and partly in the water. The oil completely covers the block. How far below the interface between the two liquids is the bottom of the block?

If the magnetic field in an electromagnetic field is doubled, the electric field remains unaffected. Therefore, the factor by which the electric field changes is 1, i.e., there is no change in the electric field.

An electromagnetic field refers to a combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. It is a field of energy produced by an electric charge in motion. These two fields are perpendicular to each other and exist perpendicular to the direction of the electromagnetic wave.

Magnetic fields can be generated from the presence of an electrical current. Conversely, a magnetic field may induce a current in a conductor if there is a time-varying magnetic flux that traverses a surface. On the other hand, an electric field is created by any charged particle, such as an electron, proton, or even a macroscopic charged object, like a balloon that has been rubbed on someone's hair.

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The maximum height of the stone is approximately 1.27 meters and the range is approximately 2.04 meters.

To find the maximum height and range of a projectile, we need to consider the motion of the object in the x and y directions.

Given that the initial velocity of the stone is (4i + 5j), we can break it down into its x and y components:

Initial velocity in the x direction (Vx) = 4

Initial velocity in the y direction (Vy) = 5

The maximum height (H) can be determined using the formula:

H = (Vy^2) / (2 * g)

where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Assuming g = 9.8 m/s^2, we can calculate the maximum height:

H = (5^2) / (2 * 9.8)

H = 25 / 19.6

H ≈ 1.27 meters

The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:

R = (Vx * Vy) / g

R = (4 * 5) / 9.8

R = 20 / 9.8

R ≈ 2.04 meters

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Somatic cells contain only half the number of chromosomes compared to the cells needed for offspring because they have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes have only one set.

Somatic cells contain only half the number of chromosomes compared to the cells needed for offspring because somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes. In humans, for example, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. During sexual reproduction, the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) occurs. Gametes, also known as sex cells, are haploid cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. In humans, gametes have 23 chromosomes each. When the sperm and egg fuse during fertilization, their haploid sets of chromosomes combine to form a diploid zygote, which will develop into an offspring. The diploid zygote contains the complete set of chromosomes needed for the development of an individual. The fusion of gametes during fertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes required for normal development and growth of the offspring.

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The information about the increasing density of impact craters on a moon's surface over time can be used to determine the relative age of the moon's surface.

This concept is based on the principle of superposition, which states that in undisturbed layers of rock or regolith, the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the youngest layers are at the top. When meteorites impact the surface of the moon, they create craters. Over time, new craters form on top of older craters. Therefore, the density of impact craters on the moon's surface can be an indicator of its relative age. If a specific region of the moon has a high density of impact craters, it suggests that the region is older because it has been exposed to meteorite impacts for a longer time, accumulating more craters.  On the other hand, a region with a lower density of impact craters indicates a relatively younger surface with less time for meteorite impacts to accumulate. By comparing the density of impact craters on different regions of the moon's surface, scientists can make relative age determinations. Areas with higher crater density are considered older, while areas with lower crater density are considered younger. It's important to note that this method of age determination assumes a constant rate of meteorite impacts over time and that there have been no major geological events or processes that could have reset or altered the surface. Additionally, the age determination based on crater density is a relative dating technique and does not provide an exact or absolute age for the moon's surface.

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The magnitude of the charge density on each plate for the given mass, charge and angle is 1.38 × 10⁻⁴ C/m².

The angle at which the sphere makes with the vertical = 90 – 30 = 60°. Therefore, the force on the sphere is the weight of the sphere – the tension in the thread, Tsinθ which acts towards the negative plate.The force towards the positive plate is qE. Therefore we have,

Tsin60° = mg – qE ...(1)

qE = mg – Tsin60° ...(2)

E is the electric field at a point between the plates.

For the electric field between the plates, we have,d = 4.0 mm = 4.0 × 10⁻³ mV = 500 VQ = 6.0 × 10⁻⁸ C.

Electric field strength = V/d = 500/(4.0 × 10⁻³) = 1.25 × 10⁵ V/m

Charge density = σ

Charge density of the positive plate = charge density of the negative plate= σ

Charge on a sphere is given by q = 4πε₀r²σ

Sphere charge = q = 6.0 × 10⁻⁸ C

Radius of the sphere = r

Mass of the sphere, m = 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ kg

Charge density, σ = q/4πε₀r²

Therefore, σ = 6.0 × 10⁻⁸ / (4π × 8.85 × 10⁻¹² × (6.25 × 10⁻⁶)²)

σ = 1.38 × 10⁻⁴ C/m²

The charge density on the positive plate is the same as that of the negative plate.

Therefore, the magnitude of the charge density on each plate is 1.38 × 10⁻⁴ C/m².

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Momentum is the measure of the motion of an object. It is the product of the object's mass and velocity.

The formula for momentum is:

p = mv

where:

p is the momentum in kg m/s,m is the mass of the object in kg, and

v is the velocity of the object in m/s.

According to the question,

Mass, m = 2000 kg

Velocity, v = 35 m/s

Using the formula of momentum:

momentum, p = m x v

= 2000 x 35

= <<2000*35=70000>>70000 kg m/s

Therefore, the momentum of the truck is 70000 kg/s given that the truck has a mass of 2,000 kilograms and the velocity is 35 m/s.

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The line of evidence that is not consistent with the theory of evolution of the horse is: "The fossils of the limbs are different from each other, which indicates these organisms are not related and evolved separately from each other."

The theory of evolution suggests that organisms share a common ancestor and have evolved through gradual changes over time. Therefore, the presence of similar structures and traits among fossilized limbs is consistent with the theory, indicating that these organisms are related and evolved from a common ancestor. If the fossils of the limbs were significantly different from each other, it would suggest that these organisms evolved separately and do not share a common ancestry. However, this would contradict the theory of evolution, which states that species are connected through common ancestors and have undergone a process of gradual change.

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The cosine and cotangent functions for an angle can be determined using the coordinates of the point at which the terminal ray of the angle intersects the unit circle. The point is the point at which the terminal ray of the angle intersects the unit circle.

The given information is about an angle whose terminal ray intersects the unit circle. The cosine of an angle is the x-coordinate of the point where the terminal ray of that angle intersects the unit circle. Similarly, the cotangent of an angle is the ratio of its adjacent side to its opposite side. So, the value for the cosine function for the angle can be found by using the x-coordinate of the point where the terminal ray of that angle intersects the unit circle. The point at which the terminal ray intersects the unit circle is (cos θ, sin θ). Therefore, the value of the cosine function for the given angle is cos θ. Using the point (cos θ, sin θ), the value for the cotangent function can be found by the ratio of the x-coordinate to the y-coordinate. So, the value of the cotangent function for the given angle is cos θ/sin θ.

From the above discussions, we can conclude that the values for the cosine and cotangent functions for an angle whose terminal ray intersects the unit circle are cos θ and cos θ/sin θ respectively. The value of the cosine function for the given angle is cos θ and the value of the cotangent function for the given angle is cos θ/sin θ.

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The cannonball will strike the cat 1846.8 meters away from the bottom of the cliff. The initial horizontal velocity of the cannonball is given as 360 m/s.

The ball travels horizontally off the cliff and then falls vertically. The vertical component of the velocity is 0 when it strikes the ground, and the horizontal component remains the same.

Let the horizontal distance the cannonball travels before hitting the ground be d. We will use the following kinematic equation in order to calculate d:`d = vt`

Here, `v` is the initial horizontal velocity and `t` is the time it takes to hit the ground. We can calculate `t` using the following kinematic equation:`

[tex]y = vit + 1/2gt²[/tex]

Here, `y` is the height of the cliff, `vi` is the initial vertical velocity (0 in this case), `g` is acceleration due to gravity and `t` is the time it takes to fall 135 meters from the cliff to the ground.

Substituting the given values:

135 = 0 + 1/2(9.8)t²

=> `t = √((2 * 135)/9.8)`

= 5.13 s.

Now that we know the time it takes the ball to fall to the ground, we can use the first equation:`

d = vt

`=> `d = 360 * 5.13

`=> `d = 1846.8 m`

Therefore, the cannonball will strike the cat 1846.8 meters away from the bottom of the cliff.

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The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening helped to challenge people's beliefs in various ways. Both movements took place in the 18th century in Europe and America and had a significant impact on society and its outlook.

Here's how they helped to change people's beliefs:

The Enlightenment:

It was a period of intellectual and cultural growth during the 18th century. It challenged many aspects of traditional belief systems such as politics, religion, and science. Enlightenment thinkers believed in reason and logic as opposed to traditional beliefs that relied heavily on faith and superstition. It was the era of science, philosophy, and rational thought. Some of the significant ideas that emerged during the Enlightenment included freedom, equality, democracy, and human rights. These ideas challenged the traditional authority of the church and the state, and people began to question and challenge the status quo.

The Great Awakening:

It was a religious movement that took place in the 1730s and 1740s in America and Europe. It was a time of spiritual revival where people were inspired to return to traditional religious beliefs and practices. The Great Awakening challenged the idea that only the clergy was qualified to interpret the Bible. Instead, it emphasized the importance of individual faith and encouraged people to read the Bible for themselves. This helped to challenge traditional religious authority and gave people a sense of personal spiritual empowerment. The Great Awakening also promoted religious tolerance and helped to break down the barriers between different denominations.

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening challenged traditional beliefs and helped to bring about new ideas and ways of thinking. They inspired people to question authority, to think critically, and to seek new knowledge and understanding. Both movements helped to change people's beliefs by emphasizing the importance of reason, logic, and individual thought.

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The speed of the coin when dropped from the top of a building, using free fall formula after 2 and 3 seconds are, 19.6 m/s and 29.4 m/s.

The speed of an object in free fall can be determined by multiplying the acceleration due to gravity (which is approximately 9.8 m/s²) by the time elapsed. In this case, after 2 seconds, the coin will have fallen a distance of 19.6 meters and will be traveling at 19.6 m/s. Similarly, after 3 seconds, the coin will have fallen a distance of 44.1 meters and will be traveling at 29.4 m/s.

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The amount of oxygen molecules present in the steel calorimeter is approximately 4.67 × 10^20 molecules.

The number of oxygen molecules in the steel calorimeter can be found using the ideal gas law equation: n = (PV) / (RT), where P is pressure, V is volume, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. Given that the volume of the steel calorimeter is 75.0 mL, we convert it to liters by dividing by 1000, resulting in V = 0.075 L. The temperature is provided as 22.5°C, so we convert it to Kelvin by adding 273.15, giving T = 295.65 K. The ideal gas constant R is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K). Now, we substitute the values into the equation, we get the answer. n = (255 kPa * 0.075 L) / (8.314 J/(mol·K) * 295.65 K)

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The magnitude of the electric force is 8.21 × 10⁻⁸ N and the gravitational force is 3.61 × 10⁻⁸ N. The electric force acting between the electron and proton of hydrogen atom is given by: Coulomb's Law of electrostatics, F = 1 / 4πε₀ × q₁q₂ / r².

Given that, Distance between the electron and proton of a hydrogen atom, r = 5.3 × 10⁻¹¹m, Mass of an electron, m₁ = 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg, Mass of a proton, m₂ = 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, Charge of an electron, q₁ = -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, Charge of a proton, q₂ = +1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.

Where,ε₀ = permittivity of free space = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² C²/N m²

F = 1 / 4π (8.854 × 10⁻¹²) × (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹)² / (5.3 × 10⁻¹¹)²

F = 8.21 × 10⁻⁸ N

The gravitational force acting between the electron and proton of hydrogen atom is given by:

Newton's Law of gravitation, F = G × m₁m₂ / r², Where, G = gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²

F = (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹) × (9.1 × 10⁻³¹) × (1.67 × 10⁻²⁷) / (5.3 × 10⁻¹¹)²

F = 3.61 × 10⁻⁸ N

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric force is 8.21 × 10⁻⁸ N and the gravitational force is 3.61 × 10⁻⁸ N.

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To determine the time it would take Susie to complete the marathon, we can use the formula: Time = Distance / Speed

Given that the distance of the marathon is 26 miles and Susie's steady rate is 8 mph, we can substitute these values into the formula. Time = 26 miles / 8 mph. To calculate the time, we divide 26 miles by 8 mph: Time = 3.25 hours. Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, we can convert the decimal part of the time to minutes: 0.25 hours * 60 minutes/hour = 15 minutes.  Therefore, it would take Susie approximately 3 hours and 15 minutes to complete the marathon.

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