Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, the mass of every substance can be calculated as below.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
HNO[tex]_2[/tex] + KOH [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] KNO[tex]_2[/tex]+ H[tex]_2[/tex]O
The mole ratio among HNO[tex]_2[/tex], KOH, KNO[tex]_2[/tex] and H[tex]_2[/tex]O is 1:1:1:1.
number of moles of HNO[tex]_2[/tex]= given mass of HNO[tex]_2[/tex]/ molar mass of HNO[tex]_2[/tex]
number of moles of HNO[tex]_2[/tex]= 0.87 / 31.01
= 0.028 moles
moles of HNO[tex]_2[/tex], KOH, KNO[tex]_2[/tex] and H[tex]_2[/tex]O is 0.028 moles
mass of KOH= moles of KOH× Molar mass of KOH
= 0.02× 56.11
=1.12g
mass of KNO[tex]_2[/tex]= 0.02× 85.1
= 1.70g
mass of H[tex]_2[/tex]O =0.02× 18
= 0.36g
Therefore, the mass of every substance can be calculated as above.
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What percentage is the smell from monomer on the Paper towel
Answer: It is the radiation of energy.
Explanation:
Which of the following compounds has a number of electron rich regions that is different from the other compounds? BCI 03 NH3 NO3
NH3 i.e. ammonia compounds has a number of electron rich regions that is different from the other compounds.
Hydrides that are electron-rich have more electrons than are required for bonding. The majority of the additional electrons are found on the central atom's single pair of electrons. These kinds of compounds are typically produced by the combination of groups of 15, 16, and 17 elements. Think about NH3, PH3, etc. specific electron. Electron-specific hydrogen molecules have enough valence electrons to form covalent bonds. Those hydrides that possess precisely the proper number of electrons for a covalent connection are known as electron precise hydrides. These kinds of compounds are typically made with group 14 components. The compounds typically have a tetrahedral shape. CH4, SiH4, as an example, etc. Electron-deficient compounds are those that don't have enough electrons to completely fill the octet of the central atom. For each pair of bonded atoms to form a conventional electron-pair bond, these compounds are deficient in electrons. Electron-deficient compounds can be found in polymorphic forms to make up for their lack of electrons. Compounds with less than 8 electrons in their valence shells, such as B2H6, AlH3, etc., are considered to be electron-deficient.
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Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. What is the boiling point for water on the Kelvin scale? K = °C + 273 and °C = K - 273
Answer:
the answer is 373
Explanation:
K=°C + 273
K=100+273=373
I need help please!!
A. The units remaining after the conversion is mi
B. The units remaining after the conversion is atoms
A. How do I determine the units remaining?
From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:
in × ft/in × mi/ ftTo know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:
in × (ft/in) × (mi/ ft)
Cancel out in
ft × (mi/ ft)
Cancel out ft
mi
Thus, the unit remaining is mi
B. How do I determine the units remaining?
From the question given above, the following expression was obtained:
g × mol/g × atoms/ molTo know the unit that will remain, we shall simplify the expression. Details below:
g × (mol/g) × (atoms/ mol)
Cancel out g
mol × (atoms/ mol)
Cancel out mol
atoms
Thus, the unit remaining is atoms
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suppose of ammonium sulfate is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of sodium chromate. calculate the final molarity of ammonium cation in the solution. you can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the ammonium sulfate is dissolved in it. round your answer to significant digits.
The final molarity of the ammonium cation in the solution is 0.066M.
Firstly, we need to calculate the number of moles of ammonium sulfate:
No of moles = mass(g)/molar mass
No of moles = 2.57/132.14
No of moles = 0.0195 mol
When ammonium sulfate dissolves in sodium chromate, the following reaction will take place:
(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Na₂CrO₄ ------> (NH₄)₂CrO₄ + Na₂SO₄
No of Moles of sodium chromate = molarity x volume
= 66 x 0.200
No of moles of Sodium Chromate = 0.0132 mol
According to the reaction, 1 mol of sodium chromate produces 1 mol of ammonium chromate.
In this reaction, the sodium chromate amount is less than ammonium sulfate.
It can be concluded that Sodium chromate is a limiting reagent.
Therefore 0.0134 mol of ammonium cation is present in the resulting solution.
Molarity of ammonium cation = 0.0134 mol / 0.2 L
Molarity = 0.066 M
Therefore, 0.066M is the Molarity of the ammonium cation.
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Design a synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons or fewer alcohols containing 4 carbons or fewer
The enolates are the anions from the ketones. synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons is :
butan - 1 - ol ------> 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
The enolates ions will acts as a nucleophile in the SN² reaction . The alkyl group will replace the alpha hydrogen and then the carbon carbon new bond is formed . synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons is given as :
CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - OH + PCC --- > CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - C - H
||
O
+ NaOH ----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH = C - C - H
| ||
C₂H₅ O
+ H₂CrO₄ -----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH = C - C - OH
| ||
C₂H₅ O
2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
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in the dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane which conformation below leads directly to thr formation of cis-2-butene
The conformation below in the dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane results in the immediate production of cis-2-butene.
Dehydrohalogenation in chemistry is an elimination process that eliminates a hydrogen halide from a substrate. Although the reaction is frequently linked to the synthesis of alkenes, it has other uses as well.
A hydrogen halide is eliminated (removed) from a substrate during a dehydrohalogenation reaction. Although the reaction is frequently linked to the synthesis of alkenes, it has other uses as well.
The type of atoms or groups of atoms that leave the molecule serves as a frequent indicator of elimination reactions. Dehydrohalogenation, for instance, is the removal of a hydrogen atom along with a halogen atom; dehalogenation is the removal of two halogen atoms. Dehydration, on the other hand, is the removal of a water molecule, typically from alcohol.
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Which of the following cations is isoelectronic with argon? 1.potassium ion 2.calcium ion 3.scandium ion 4.All of these 5.None of these
Option 1 is correct because potassium ions in argon contain 18 electrons. Thus, there are 18 isoelectronic in all that are present in Ar for K+. The electrical arrangement of these two ions is the same as that of Ar.
K+ and Cl ions are hence isoelectronic with Ar. Argon is isoelectronic with potassium ions that have a positive charge. For an ion with a -1 charge to become isoelectronic with argon, it would only have needed to gain 1 electron. Chlorine must have been present there.
Similar to the previous element, the next one can create a monovalent cation by losing one electron and isoelectronizing with argon. These include the potassium cation, K+, the chloride anion, Cl, and the sulphide anion, S2. Isoelectronic ions are said to have the same number of protons and electrons.
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Radioisotopic dating estimates the age of objects based on the fact that the half-life of any radioactive isotope is _____.a fixed value
The time it takes for one-half of the radioactive parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope is known as the half-life.
As a result, if we begin with 1 gram of the parent isotope, there will only be 0.5 gram of the parent isotope left after 1 half-life. The fundamental idea behind radiometric dating is that by comparing an isotope's presence in a sample to its abundance on Earth and its known half-life (rate of decay), you may determine the sample's age. A radiometric dating technique is radiocarbon dating, often known as carbon-14 dating. It determines the age of carbon-bearing by using the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 (14C).
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The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction has been measured at different temperatures. The results are plotted below: n A I/T Determine the correct thermodynamic properties for this reaction:(Warning!: There is a maximum of 2 attempts for this question) O endothermic with Aso o O exothermic with ASo < 0 O exothermic with aso > 0 O endothermic with ASo o O more information is needed Submit AnswerIncorrect. Tries 1/2 Previous Tries
Therefore, option an is the best choice and the equilibrium constant is 0.32. The best choice is that.
The equilibrium constant's value falls as temperature rises. An rise in temperature increases the value of the equilibrium constant when the forward reaction is endothermic. As the temperature fluctuates, so does the equilibrium position. For elements in their standard condition, G0f G f 0 is taken into consideration as zero. As a result, the reaction's standard change in Gibb's free energy at 25 degrees Celsius is 98.746 kJ. Since there is no longer any free energy to fuel the process at equilibrium, G=0.
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curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction nah
The arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction , the product is :
CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
||
O
The reaction is in between the 2 methoxypropan-2-ol and the hydroxide ion. the OH⁻ ion is the strong nucleophile and contain the negative charged. the hydroxyl group acts as a proton of the compound is acidic because of the electronegativity difference. the hydroxyl ion takes protons and form the water.
The reaction is given as follows :
OH
|
CH₃ - C - OCH₃ + OH⁻ ----> CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
| ||
CH₃ O
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from each partial (valence level) orbital diagram, write the ground-state electron configuration and group number
The electron configuration and group number is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10
What is electron configuration?Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. It describes the energy levels, orbitals, and the number of electrons in each of the atom's orbitals. Electron configuration provides an understanding of the atom's structure, reactivity, and the likelihood of chemical reactions to occur. It also serves as a predictor of the atom's physical and chemical properties. Electron configuration is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus and the principal quantum number of the electron.
This is the ground-state electron configuration for the element titanium, which is located in group 4 of the periodic table.
The 1s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 2s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 2p orbital is filled with six electrons, the 3s orbital is filled with two electrons, the 3p orbital is filled with six electrons, the 4s orbital is filled with two electrons, and the 3d orbital is filled with ten electrons. This configuration of electrons corresponds with titanium's position in group 4 of the periodic table, which contains elements with four valence electrons in the outermost energy level.
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Balance the Equation
________Fe+ ______ Cl₂ → ________ FeCl₃
Answer:
2Fe+2Cl2____2FeCl3
Explanation:
Fe has positive ions and hence to balance you add two ions to each side of the equation.
give the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds for the molecule below: 3 sigma bonds, 6 pi bonds 6 sigma bonds, 3 pi bonds 6 sigma bonds, 6 pi bonds 12 sigma bonds, 3 pi bonds
Benzene is a carbon and hydrogen compound with aromatic properties. The chemical formula for benzoene is C6H6.To determine the number of sigma bonds in this, we can create the skeletal structure using only sigma bond representations.
Let's show the structure of benzene.
As can be seen, there are six C-H bonds and six C-C bonds.
We may therefore say that benzene has a total of 12 sigma bonds in it.
When we look at the structure of benzene, we can see that it has three C=C bonds.
There are consequently 3 pi bonds and 12 sigma bonds. As a result, benzene contains 15 covalent bonds.
Since benzene has 12 and 3 sigma and pi bonds, respectively, the correct answer is that it does.
Additional
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Draw the Lewis structures for
the following particles. Which
one can exhibit resonance?
A. CO3-²
B. N2
C. CH₂Br2
D. CO₂
The next particles are CO2. which may have resonance
What exactly does it entail to show resonance?Resonance is a method for describing delocalized electrons inside particular molecules or polyatomic ions when the bonding cannot be captured by a single Lewis formula. Numerous resonance structures can be used to depict a molecule or an ion when the electrons are delocalized in this way.
What is the primary objective of resonance?What are resonance structures used for Resonance is a term used in valence bond theory to describe how different contributing structure (or forms, also called as resonance structures and canonical structures) come together to generate a hybrid resonance (and hybrid structure) in certain ions or molecules.
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overall, the physical properties of minerals provide a reliable means to identify common minerals. however, certain properties can exhibit a range of characteristics or values making them less useful for identification purposes. choose three physical properties that might vary considerably between samples of the same mineral and explain why such variability would exist.
First we understand about main physical properties of minerals which helps in identification of common minerals.
Habit: Used to classify minerals into categories such as Cubic, Rectangular, Bladed, Prismatic, Longer, etc. depending on their shape.
Hardness: The hardness is used to identify a type of mineral based on their hardness on the Moh's scale of hardness (ranges from 0-10). In order to do this, an unknown type of mineral is scratched with a substance or mineral with a known hardness level and then referenced with the Moh's scale of hardness in order to identify the mineral.
Tenacity: Tenacity is used to identify minerals by measuring how resistant they are to being bent, crushed, or broken.
Density: The density of a mineral is determined by comparing the mass of the mineral to the volume of the mineral.
Color: The color that the particular mineral displays is used to identify it.
Luster: This a reflection property of a mineral towards light incident on it's surface as after reflection how it appears by reflection of light
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ali folled a ball down the hill the praph on the next page shows the kietic and potential energy of moving ball
The correct answer to the given question about kinetic and potential energy is option d) 0 J to 4 J
The energy an object has as a result of motion is referred to as kinetic energy. The amount of effort needed to move a mass-based body from rest to the given velocity is how it is defined. Unless its speed changes, the body retains the kinetic energy it gained during acceleration. The same amount of labor is used up when the body slows down from its current speed to a state of rest. Any term in the Lagrangian of a system that has a derivative with respect to time is formally referred to as kinetic energy. The English unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound, but the joule is the standard unit.
Question
Ali rolled a ball down a hill. This graph shows the kinetic and potential energy of the moving ball.
A line graph The graph is titled Mechanical Energy and shows an inverse relationship between Potential energy and Kinetic Energy. The Y axis is Potential energy (J). The X axis is Kinetic energy (J). The point of the graph are as such: (0, 5); (1, 4); (2, 3); (3, 2); (4, 1); (5, 0)
According to the graph, what is the mechanical energy of the ball?
A. 0 J
B. 5 J
C. 20 J to 25 J
D. 0 J to 4 J
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Which of the following compounds are the same?
Compound 1 is composed of 67 g of H and 33 g of F.
Compound 2 is composed of 29 g of Na and 71 g of Br.
Compound 3 is composed of 39 g of Na and 61 g of Br.
Compound 4 is composed of 33 g of F and 67 g of H.
A. Compounds 1 and 4
B. Compounds 2 and 3
C. Compounds 1 and 2
D. Compounds 2 and 4
The option among the given compounds that are the same compound is: Compounds 2 and 3
Th correct option is B.
What are compounds?Compounds are substances that are composed of two or more elements chemically combined together.
Compounds can be formed by the combination of two non-metals or a metal and a non-metal.
Compounds formed from the combination of two non-metals are covalent compounds.
Compounds formed from the combination of a metal and a non-metal are called ionic compounds since they form oppositely-charged ions.
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Suppose
17.0g
of potassium acetate is dissolved in
250.mL
of a
0.30M
aqueous solution of sodium chromate.
Calculate the final molarity of acetate anion in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the potassium acetate is dissolved in it.
Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
17.0g of potassium acetate is dissolved in 250.mL of a 0.30M aqueous solution of sodium chromate. The final molarity of acetate anion in the solution is 0.59 M.
The term "molar concentration" refers to the amount of a substance in a solution represented as a percentage of its volume. It is also used to refer to molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration. The most common unit used in chemistry to express molarity is the number of moles per liter, represented by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units. One molar, or 1 M, of a solution's concentration is defined as one mol/L. Molarity is a unit of concentration used to describe chemical solutions (M). It is the number of moles of the solute in one liter of solution. This is not the same as the liters of solvent, to be clear (a common mistake). Despite being a useful unit, molarity has one fundamental flaw. Because temperature affects a solution's volume, it does not remain constant when it varies. Because you cannot directly measure solute in moles, you usually convert grams of solute to moles and then divide this amount by liters of solution.
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mechanism of action that will produce diuretic effect- increase the number of particles in the tubular fluid . True or False
True, mechanism of action that will produce diuretic effect- increase the number of particles in the tubular fluid.
When the kidneys filter too much body fluid, it is called diuresis. As a result, you produce more urine and need to use the restroom more frequently. Diuresis may be brought on by specific medical disorders or by taking drugs that boost urine production. This illness can also be caused by lifestyle choices. Water tablets or diuretics are drugs that assist the body in eliminating extra fluid. They are frequently prescribed for illnesses like high blood pressure, chronic renal disease, and heart failure.
The kidneys are told to expel more water and salt via diuretics. This lessens edema and improves blood circulation throughout the body.
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when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, the focus on a specific real world problem can be a problem.
The configuration and contents of laboratories are determined by the diverse needs of the specialists that work inside. A laboratory might have a particle accelerator or a vacuum chamber, whereas a metallurgy lab might have tools for casting, refining, or evaluating the strength of metals. A psychologist would utilise a room with one-way mirrors and covert cameras to examine behaviour in their lab, whereas a biologist or chemist might employ a wet laboratory. In laboratories, such as those where computer scientists typically operate, computers (and occasionally supercomputers) are sometimes utilised for either simulations or data processing. Scientists in other professions will continue to use a variety of labs. In laboratories, engineers build, assemble, and test technical objects.
The complete question is:
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
a. examines the basic laws of human behavior
b. is just as likely to occur in the laboratory as in the field
c. focuses on a specific real world problem
d. has no connection with theory
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At 25 °C, only 0.0140
mol of the generic salt AB is soluble in 1.00 L of water.
What is the sp
of the salt at 25 °C?
AB(s)↽−−⇀A+(aq)+B−(aq)
Correct task : At 25°C, only 0.0140 mol of the generic salt AB3 is soluble in 1.00 L of water. What is the Ksp of this salt at 25°C.
Solution:
When the salt dissolves, it dissociates as follows:
AB3 --> A3+ + 3B⁻
--S--------S-------3S--
The molar solubility (S) is the number of moles that can dissolve in 1 L of solution.
Molar solubility of salt is (0.0140 mol) / (1.00 L) = 0.0140 mol/L.
According to the dissociation equation:
Solubility of A3+ is 0.0140 mol/L and solubility of B⁻ is 3×0.0140 mol= 0.0420 mol/L.
[A3+] = 0.0140 mol/L.
[B⁻] = 0.0420 mol/L.
Ksp is the solubility product constant and calculated as follows:
Ksp(AB3) = [A3+] × [B⁻]3
Ksp(AB3) = [0.0140] × [0.0420]3
Ksp(AB3) = 10.37×10-7.
Ksp of this salt is 1.04×10-6.
Answer: 1.04×10-6 is the Ksp of this salt at 25°C.
Benedict test is commonly done for what?
The primary application of Benedict's test is to detect the presence of simple carbohydrates in an unidentified analyte.
Answer:
!
Benedict test is commonly done to detect
Define the following: Renwable energy and non-Renwable energy.
A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply.
What exactly is renewable energy?Energy obtained from natural resources that are renewed more quickly than they are used up is referred to as renewable energy. Such sources that are constantly replenished include the sun and the wind, for instance. Non-renewable energy comes from energy sources that will ultimately exhaust themselves or cannot be regenerated, not even after countless ages. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal, are the non-renewable energy sources that are most often used.A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply. Timber, wind, and solar power are examples of renewable resources, whereas coal and natural gas are examples of non-renewable resources.To learn more about Renewable energy refer to:
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The speed of light constant (c) is:
3.00 x 108(m/s)
9.8m/s²
6.626 x 10-34(J)
101.325kPa
The speed of light constant ( c ) is 3.00 × 108 ( m / s ). Therefore, option A is correct.
What is speed ?Speed is what it means. the speed at which an object's location changes in any direction. The distance traveled in relation to the time it took to travel that distance is how speed is defined. Since speed simply has a direction and no magnitude, it is a scalar quantity.
"As a force, that is the speed of light in a vacuum. If you wonder why c, the Latin term celeritas, which means speed, is the solution."
This establishes the exact value of the speed of light in a vacuum at 299,792,458 m/s. This gives a very succinct response to the question, It does not, however, settle the issue. The SI is based on a lot of real-world factors.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the molecule NH3?
Answer:
Option 3 represents correct Lewis structure for NH3
choices for blanks: precipitation, acid-base, redox. choices may be repeated, or not, in the different blanks) the reaction between caesium metal and chlorine gas is a(n) reaction. on the other hand, the reaction between ammonia and vinegar is a(n) reaction and the one between sodium iodide and lead(ii) perchlorate is a(n) reaction
In this question we are asked to fill up the blank in the following statement:
The reaction between cesium metal and chlorine gas is a ___ reaction. on the other hand, the reaction between ammonia and vinegar is a____ reaction and the one between sodium iodide and lead(ii) perchlorate is a ____ reaction.
For first blank, answer will be Redox reaction. As for reaction between cesium metal and chlorine gas, chlorine undergoes reduction and cesium undergoes oxidation.For second blank, answer will be Acid-Base reaction, As for the reaction between ammonia and vinegar where ammonia is a bas and vinegar is acetic acid that undergoes acid base reaction.For third blank, answer will be Precipitation reaction.So, the statement becomes:
The reaction between cesium metal and chlorine gas is a Redox reaction reaction.
On the other hand, the reaction between ammonia and vinegar is a Acid Base Reaction, and
The one between sodium iodide and lead(ii) perchlorate is a Precipitation Reaction..
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Draw structural formulas for the product formed by treating each compound with propylmagnesium bromide followed by aqueous HCl.
(a) CH2O
(b) (c) (d)
The structural formulas for the product formed by treating each compound with propyl magnesium bromide followed by aqueous HCl is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ - CH₂ - OH
butanol
The propyl magnesium bromide , the formula is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ -MgBr
when it react with compound CH₂O , the product formed is the butan - 1 - ol. the structural formula is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂CH₂ - CH₂ - OH
butanol
The propyl magnesium bromide is acts as grinard reagent which react with CH₂O and will form the alcohol, that butanol. here the CH₂O is called as the formaldehyde.
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The decomposition of a single compound at 349 K has a rate constant of 4.10 x 10-3 M s1. If the initial
concentration of the reactant is 1.304 M, what is the concentration of the reactant after 90.45 seconds?
(the answer should be entered with 3 significant figures; do not enter units; give answer in normal
notation-examples include 1.23 and 12.3 and 120. and -123)
Selected Answer:
Correct Answer:
0.933
0.933 ±1%
Answer: To solve this problem, you can use the first-order rate equation, which is given by:
[reactant] = [reactant]0 * e^(-k*t)
where [reactant] is the concentration of the reactant at time t, [reactant]0 is the initial concentration of the reactant, k is the rate constant, and t is the time.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[reactant] = 1.304 M * e^(-4.10 x 10^-3 M s^-1 * 90.45 s)
= 1.304 M * e^(-0.0366)
= 1.304 M * 0.933
= 1.21 M
To express the answer with 3 significant figures, you can round the answer to 1.21 M. Therefore, the concentration of the reactant after 90.45 seconds is 0.933 ± 1%.
Which of these reactions leads to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms? oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen free radical halogenation of an alkane hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol
All of these reactions can potentially lead to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms, but the extent of the change and the specific details of the reaction will depend on the specific reaction being considered.
Oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the carbon atom that was bonded to the hydroxyl group in the alcohol, as well as the removal of two hydrogen atoms. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific alcohol being oxidized and the conditions of the reaction.
Neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral acid: This reaction typically involves the addition of a proton to the nitrogen atom in the amine, as well as the removal of a hydroxyl group. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the nitrogen atom, depending on the specific amine being neutralized and the conditions of the reaction.
Substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen: This reaction typically involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to the hydrogen atom that is replaced, depending on the specific aromatic compound and the conditions of the reaction.
Halogenation of an alkane: This reaction typically involves the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms on an alkane with a halogen atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atoms bonded to the hydrogen atoms that are replaced, depending on the specific alkane and the conditions of the reaction.
Hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol: This reaction typically involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to the carbon atom that was bonded to the ester group, as well as the removal of the oxygen atom that was bonded to the same carbon atom. This can result in a change in the hybridization of the carbon atom, depending on the specific ester being hydrolyzed and the conditions of the reaction.
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