hydrogen cyanide, hcn, is a poisonous gas. the lethal dose is approximately 300 hcn per kilogram of air when inhaled. (a) calculate the amount of hcn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring . the density of air at is 0.00118 (b) if the hcn is formed by reaction of with an acid such as what mass of nacn gives the lethal dose in the room?

Answer: The reaction with caesium is more vigourus.

The reaction with caesium produces different compund.

Explanation:

Cold water and cesium react to produce hydrogen gas and a mixture of cesium and hydroxide ions as byproducts.

3.74 moles of Na will be produced after the decomposition of Na₂O.

The decomposition reaction of Na2 is as follows:

2Na₂o → 4Na + o₂

Given, moles of Na₂o = 1.87

From stoichiometric coefficient 2 in Na₂o, after decomposition we get coefficient as 4 of Na. That means the yield of Na is double the reactant.

Hence, the moles of Na after decomposition= 2 x 1.87 = 3.74 moles

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The  halogen forms the weakest bond to carbon is Iodine due to vary size difference between iodine and a carbon

Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a halogen, which means it is a highly reactive, nonmetal element that occurs in the periodic table among the highly reactive nonmetals. Iodine is a blue-black, lustrous solid that sublimates (turns from a solid directly into a gas) at standard temperature and pressure. It has a melting point of 386.85 degrees Fahrenheit (193.65 degrees Celsius) and a boiling point of 575.1 degrees Fahrenheit (302.9 degrees Celsius). Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. It plays a vital role in the production of thyroid hormones, which are important for normal growth and development. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, absorbs iodine from the blood and uses it to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland.

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The empirical formula for the compound if A denotes the cations and X denotes the anions is AX₂

It is given that the cations are denoted by Blue color and the anions with green color. There are 8 atoms in the corners and 6 in the face center. Then,

No of atoms in a total of all corners = 8 x 1/8

No of atoms in the corners = 1

No of atoms in the faces = 6 x 1/2

No of atoms in the faces = 3

Then,

Total no of cations atoms = total number of atoms in the corners + the total number of atoms in the faces

Total number of cations (A) = 1 + 3

Total number of cations (A) = 4

The total number of anions in the cell is 8 from the figures as they aren't shared with another lattice arrangement. Therefore,

Number of anions (X) = 8

Then the empirical formula would be A₄X₈ which could be written in the simplified form of AX₂.

Thus, the empirical formula is AX₂ for the arrangement.

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There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound.  Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond. Gems  have ionic bonds formed between metals and nonmetals. Plastic beads, will have covalent bonds because it is easily deformed.

Therefore, gems have ionic bonding and plastic beads have covalent bonding.

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Answer:

Explanation: The S^2+ ion would contain a smaller atomic radius when compared to the atomic radius of S. With the removal of electrons, the outermost electrons experience less shielding, and thus experience a greater columbic force, and effective nuclear charge. Pulling in the outside electrons closer to the nucleus, consequently shrinking the atomic radius.

The volume of the solution is 1.84 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] L.

The formula used to get the molarity of the solution is used to determine the volume of the solution:

Molarity= [tex]\frac{Mass of the solute}{molar mass of solute * Volume of solution(in L)}[/tex]

We are given:

Molarity of solution = 8.75 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M

Given the mass of silver (II) oxide = 200 g

Molar mass of silver (II) oxide = 124 g/mol

Put the values in the formula:

8.75 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex][tex]10^{-5}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{200}{124* Volume}[/tex]

Volume= 1.84 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] M

A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The most used molarity unit in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.

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Answer:

C: B's identity changes, but not A's identity. The identity of an element is solely dependent on the number of protons. For example, 2 protons in an element would be Helium. But if you add or subtract protons you would get a different element like Hydrogen or Lithium. However, such a rule does not apply to electrons; adding or removing electrons would just change the charge of the element, but not the identity.

c is the correct choice

The reaction that can light the thermite is the combination of methane and oxygen. Option C

There is an ignition reaction when we burn a substance in another substance. Now, we know that an exothermic reaction refers to the kind of reaction hat is able to produce heat.

Since the exothermic reaction can be able to produce heat, this is the reaction that we can use to light the reaction between the magnesium and the oxygen so that we can be able to light the thermite.

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The nickel has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. its atomic radius is 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.

given that :

density = 8.90 g/ cm³

the density is given as :

density = mass / volume

no. of atoms = 8 (1/8) + 6(1/2)

volume = (r ×  8 (1/8))³

mass = 4 atoms ×  mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol

density = mass / volume

8.90 g/ cm³ = (4 atoms ×  mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms × 58.68 g /mol ) /  (r ×  8 (1/8))³

r = 1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm

Thus, the atomic radius is  1.36 × 10⁻⁸ cm.

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NaCl or NH4Cl should be added to a separatory funnel in order to partition an acidic organic compound into aqeous layer.

If it is difficult to tracking where the water droplets go, also keeping track of the volumes of the layers: whichever layer increased with the additional of water is the aqeous layer.

The aqeous phases is water-based and can be an acidic, basic, neutral, or a saturated salt solutions. The organic phase is an organics solvent, usually diethyl ether or dichlorophenoline, which has minimalist solubility in water. For instance, ethanol would be a poor extractions solvent because it forms a solution within water.

One methods is to add NaCl or NH4Cl should to the separatory funnels, which dissolved in the aqueous layer and Decreased the ability of organics compounds to dissolve in water ("salting out").

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The given double displacement reaction can be balanced as written below:

[tex]\rm 3CaCl_{2} + 2Na_{3}PO_{4} \rightarrow Ca_{3}PO_{4} + 6 NaCl \\[/tex]

Displacement reactions are those in which one or two groups are replaced to form the new products. There are both single displacement reaction and double double displacement reactions.

In single displacement reactions, only one reactant will be replaced in the reaction whereas in double displacement reactions, two groups from the reactants are exchanged each other.

In the given reaction, the phosphate group is replaced to Ca and the Cl is group is shifted to Na metal as written in the chemical equation.

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There are two moles of oxygen in cassiterite (tin ore), SnO2, for every mole of tin. As a result, if we have 13 moles of tin, we should have 13 * 2 moles of oxygen. This results in 26 moles of oxygen.

Cassiterite (SnO2) is the most essential tin ore, and it is frequently located in granite veins, granite pegmatites, and greisen. The name is derived from the Greek kassiteros, which means tin.

Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral with the chemical formula SnO2. It is the primary significant source of tin, accounting for the majority of the world's supply. Primary cassiterite is found in trace amounts in igneous and metamorphic rocks all over the world. It is a mineral that can be found in soils and sediments. Cassiterite is more resistant to deterioration than many other minerals, so it is found in stream and shoreline sediments. Colors include black, brownish black, reddish brown, brown red, yellow, gray, and white.

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An ion is an atom with an unbalanced ratio of protons to electrons. Atoms or molecules having associated net charges greater than zero are referred to as "ions."

a charged molecule or atom is referred to as an ion. It charges up or down depending on whether one or more electrons are gained or lost. Because of this, it can have a positive or negative charge. Consequently, an ion becomes charged when there is an imbalance between the proportion of positively charged protons to negatively charged electrons. Ions can be categorised into one of two major types. Cations and anions are what they are.A superscript with a plus sign and the number before the plus sign is applied to the chemical formula to represent the symbol for a cation.Anions are represented similarly to cations by the charge number followed by a negative sign.Another subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge is the proton. They are present in the atom's nucleus.

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The solubility laws that regulate ionic chemicals in an aqueous solution are the main focus of double replacement reactions. The insoluble iron(III) phosphate, FePO4, precipitates out of the solution when these two solutions are combined because the iron(III) cations and phosphate anions combine to make it.

                FeBr3(aq)+K3PO4(aq)→FePO4(s)⏐↓+3KBr(aq)

Ionic equations are chemical formulas in which the electrolytes in aqueous solution are stated as dissociated ions, in contrast to molecular equations, which express compounds as molecules. The ionic species are typically followed by (aq) in the equation to denote that they are in an aqueous solution, and the substance in question is typically a salt that has been dissolved in water.

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Answer:

Two ways is by reducing the mass of the pulley we can increase its efficiency and by applying more force than usual

Explanation:

A brittle white crystalline solid  reacts with when added to water is Quartz. It is a metamorphic solid.

Quartz is the most abundant silica mineral. Pure Quartz is colorless and transparent. It occurs in most igneous and practically all metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is used as a component of numerous industrial materials. Silicon (Si) has the atomic number 14 and is closely related to carbon. It is a relatively inert metalloid. Silicon is often used for microchips, glass, cement, and pottery. Silica is the most abundant mineral found in the crust of the earth. One of the most common uses of silica quarts is the manufacturer of glass. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Its chemical name is SiO2.

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Sodium chloride is produced and used in the production of polyester, paper, rubber, glass, chlorine, household bleach, soaps, detergents, and dyes.

Chemically speaking, salt is a combination of chloride and sodium. Actually, the element that is most harmful to your health is sodium. (Therefore, the chloride is what gives food its "salty" flavor.).

To replace salt and water that have been lost from your body as a result of specific conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Additionally, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).

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when 2.16g of h2 reacts with excess o2 by the following equation, 258kj of heat are released.  the change of enthalpy associated with the reaction of 1.00mol of hydrogen gas is -241 KJ

Molar mass of H2 = 2.016 g/mol,mass(H2)= 2.16 g

use:number of mol of H2,n = mass of H2/molar mass of H2=(2.16 g)/(2.016 g/mol) = 1.071 mol

For 1.071 mol of H2, heat released = 258 KJ So,

for 1 mol, heat released = 258/1.071 KJ = 241 KJ

Since this is heat released, sign will be negative

Answer: -241 KJ. The amount of energy progressed or subsumed in a reaction at constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. It is represented by the symbol ΔH, read as "delta H". It should be noted that the term "enthalpy change" only pertains to reactions performed at constant pressure. As a result, if a reaction emits more electricity than it absorbs, the reaction is exothermic, and the enthalpy is negative. Consider this as a quantity of heat departing (or being deducted from) the reaction.

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The given equation is a double displacement reaction. It can be balanced as follows:

[tex]\rm 2HI + Rb_{2}S \rightarrow H_{2}S + RbI_{2}[/tex]

Displacement reaction is a type of reaction in which one or two group from the reactants displaces by other groups. There are both single displacement and double displacement.

In single displacement reaction, only one group is displaced. Whereas, in double displacement reactions, two groups are displaced each other between reactants.

In the given reaction, the iodine atom and sulphide group are displacing as written in the equation.

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Nuclear Fission include used in nuclear power plants and byproducts have long half-lives, Nuclear fusion includes occurs on the sun and needs very high temperatures, while Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion includes release lots of energy.

Nuclear fission is a physico chemical process caused when an atom divides into two smaller atoms, which released important amounts of energy and it is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

Conversely, Nuclear fusion occurs when smaller atoms such as hydrogen fuse to form larger atoms, which is able to generate much more energy when compares to Nuclear fusion, and this process fuel energy in the sun.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that fission nuclear and fusion nuclear are very different processes in terms of the division of fusion of atoms and they release differential amounts of energy.

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4.447 x10^13 J  is the nuclear binding energy per mole if the mass defect of a certain isotope is 0.1172 u per atom or 0.1172 g per mol? express your answer in joules.

BE = dleta mc^2.

Given that, delta m = mass defect = 0.4941 g per mol = 0.4941/1000 kg/mol c = 3x10^8 m/s

BE = ( 0.4941/1000) x (3x10^8)^2= 4.4469 x10^13

    = 4.447 x10^13 J

Nuclear binding energy is energy required to completely separate an atomic nucleus in with its constituting protons and neutrons, or the energy freed by combining protons and neutrons into a single nucleus. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but number of protons. They have nearly identical chemical composition but differ in volume and thus in physicochemical parameters.

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The correct equations for the breakdown of solid ammonium nitrite to nitrogen gas and liquid water under the law of conservation of mass would be 1 mol of solid ammonium nitrite to 1 mol of nitrogen gas and 1 mol of liquid water.

Since matter cannot be generated or destroyed, according to the rule of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants and products in a chemical process must remain constant. The balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of solid ammonium nitrite is:

NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + H2O (l)

The coefficients in this equation stand for the ratio of moles of each reactant and product. According to the factors 1, 1, and 1, 1 mol of nitrogen gas and 1 mol of liquid water are created for every 1 mol of solid ammonium nitrite that is broken down. As required by the rule of conservation of mass, this indicates that the combined mass of the reactants and products remains constant.

Ammonium nitrite ,[tex]$\mathrm{NH} 4 \mathrm{NO}$[/tex], will decompose to yield nitrogen gas and water Vapor by the following equation:

[tex]\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{NO}_2(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{N}_2(g)[/tex]

What is a decomposition reaction?

A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products.

Ammonium nitrite, [tex]$\mathrm{NH} 4 \mathrm{NO} 2$[/tex], will decompose to yield nitrogen gas and water Vapor by the following equation:

[tex]\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{NO}_2(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{N}_2(g)$$[/tex]

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States of matter:

Solids: have a definite shape and volume.

Gases: do not have a definite volume or shape.

Liquids: have a definite volume, but the shape may change.

What is states of matter?

States of matter refer to the physical behavior of matter based on its temperature and pressure. There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

There are also several other states of matter, such as plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate, that are observed under certain conditions, such as extremely high temperatures or pressures.

According to the problem:

Solids are characterized by their ability to maintain a fixed shape and volume. They are typically solid at room temperature and have a high degree of structural rigidity.

Gases, on the other hand, do not have a definite shape or volume. They are characterized by their ability to expand and fill any container they are placed in. Gases are typically in a gaseous state at room temperature and are highly compressible.

Liquids are intermediate between solids and gases. They have a definite volume, but the shape may change to conform to the shape of their container. Liquids are typically liquid at room temperature and are less compressible than gases, but more compressible than solids.

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Aufbau's principle states that an electron in an atom is filled according to the energy of orbitals, orbital with minimum energy is first filled, and so on.

so the order of filling of electrons in orbitals are 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s.

so, the 4f subshell is filled after the complete filling of electrons in 6s.

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Molecular compounds are termed by using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element. Numerical prefixes are used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule.

The IUPAC defines a common name as one that clearly identifies a chemical but does not adhere to the current systematic naming convention. Acetone, which bears the scientific term, serves as an illustration of a common name. 2-propanone

A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.

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SF6 molecular geometry will be octahedral because if we look at the structure sulphur hexafluoride has a central sulphur atom around which12 electrons or 6 electron pairs are present and there are no lone pairs.

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The periodic properties of elements are directly related to the energy levels of the atoms of the elements.

The correct option is C.

The periodicity of elements in the periodic table is the regular variation of the properties of the elements in the periodic table both down the group and across the periodic.

The properties of elements that show periodicity include;

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a. hcl, hno3, hf, hclo4 b. h2so4  list contains only strong acids.

Chloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid are the 7 main acids. These are strong acids since they can completely dissociate in water. A strong acid is described as an acetone that completely disintegrates when added to water. Because the hydrochloric acid inside the preceding example donates every one of its protons to the remedy and totally dissolves, it is classified as a strong acid.

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Methyl esters are created when carboxylic acids and diazomethane interact. Diazomethane is used to create methyl esters and has a high degree of reactivity.

Diazomethane reacts swiftly and extremely effectively, producing just N2 as a byproduct, making it an appealing alkylating agent for carboxylic and phenols (Black, 1983). As it responds, its inherent yellow color releases, automatically indicating the status of the reaction. Methyl esters are created when carboxylic acids and diazomethane interact. Diazomethane is created in-situ and then interacted with the carboxyl group right away to create the methyl ester due to its high reactivity. Diazomethane has mostly been used to transform carboxylic acids into esters (diazoalkales) that may be examined using GC/MS or HPLC-MS. In etherate solutions, methyl esters can be produced at room temperature quickly, thoroughly, and quantitatively.

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