Answer:
The deal to receive $30000 is better.
Explanation:
To find the better deal we need to calculate the present value of $30000 and then compare it with the amount $25000. If the amount is greater than the $25000, then the amount should be received after the 2 years.
The given time period (n )= 2
Interest rate (r ) = 8%
The amount received after 2 years = $30000
[tex]\text{Present value of money} = \frac{Future \ value}{(1 + r)^n } \\= \frac{30000}{(1+0.08)^2} \\= $25720.16[/tex]
Since the amount is more than $25000 so the deal to receive the money after 2 years will be better.
Ms. Ray is age 46 and single. Her employer made a $2,730 contribution to her qualified profit-sharing plan account, and she made the maximum contribution to her traditional IRA. Compute her IRA deduction if:
a. Ms. Ray's $50,000 salary is her only income item.
b. Ms. Ray's S64,250 salary is her only income item.
c. Ms. Ray's $64,250 salary and S 7,970 dividend income are her only income items.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
changed its estimates to a total useful life of 5 years with a salvage value of $81000. What is 2021 depreciation expense?
Answer: $162,000
Explanation:
The depreciation expense for the first 3 years up till 2021 is;
= (Cost - Salvage value)/Useful life
= ( 579,000 - 57,000) / 9
= $58,000
In 2021, the Net book value was;
= 579,000 - ( 58,000 * 3)
= 579,000 - 174,000
= $405,000
Useful life has been changed to 5 years. 3 years have already elapsed left with 2.
New salvage value is $81,000.
= (NBV - Salvage Value) / Useful life
= (405,000 - 81,000) / 2
= $162,000
our parents have made you two offers. The first offer includes annual gifts of $5,000, $6,000, and $8,000 at the end of each of the next three years, respectively. The other offer is the payment of one lump sum amount today. You are trying to decide which offer to accept given the fact that your discount rate is 6.2 percent. What is the minimum amount that you will accept today if you are to select the lump sum offer? D) $17,709.48 C) $16,360.42 B) $16,407.78 E) $17,856.42 A) $16,707.06
Answer:
A) $16,707.06
Explanation:
The computation of the minimum amount is shown below:
Here we find the present value which is shown below:
(in dollars) (in dollars)
Year Cash flows Discount factor Present value
1 5000 0.9416195857 4708.098
2 6000 0.8866474442 5319.885
3 8000 0.834884599 6679.077
Total 16707.059
Elaine takes out a $100,000 mortgage on December 1, 1997. Elaine will repay the mortgage over 20 years with level monthly payments at an effective annual interest rate of 8%. The first payment is due January 1, 1998. After making her 120th payment, Elaine does not make any new payments for the entire next year. Elaine starts making revised monthly payments, of amount P, beginning January 1, 2009. The amount P is such that Elaine will pay off the loan in the original, 20-year term—that is to say, her last payment will be due December 1, 2017. Determine P.
Answer:
I prepared an amortization schedule using an excel spreadsheet. The original monthly payment was $836.44. After the 120th payment, the remaining principal balance was $68,940.64. Since she didn't pay anything for 1 year, the new principal balance will be $68,940.64 x (1 + 8%) = $74,455.89
I prepared another amortization schedule for the remaining 9 years, and the monthly payment is $969.32. She will pay off the loan in 108 months.
To arrive at an accurate balance on a bank reconciliation statement, a credit memorandum from the bank for the collection of a note and interest should be
Answer:
Must be added to the book balance.
Explanation:
The correct treatment would be to add this value to book balance because the bank has increased our bank balance by the note and interest amount. This must be accounted for as increase in the book balance because we have borrowed money and also that yearly interest income was also added to our bank checking account.
Hence it must be added to cash book balance in order to reconcile with the bank balance.
A company purchases its inventory from suppliers on account. During the year, its inventory account increased by $17 million and its accounts payable to suppliers decreased by $5 million. If cost of goods sold was $520 million, its cash outflows to inventory suppliers totaled:
Answer: $542 million
Explanation:
The following can be gotten from the question:
The increase in inventory = $17 million
The decrease in the accounts payable = $5 million
The cost of goods sold = $520 million
Inventory Purchased = $520 million + $17 million = $537 million.
The cash outflows to inventory suppliers will be the inventory bought plus the decrease in the accounts payable. This will be:
= $537 million + $5 million
= $542 million
A firm has net working capital of $2,715, net fixed assets of $22,407, sales of $31,350, and current liabilities of $3,908. How many dollars' worth of sales are generated from every $1 in total assets
Answer:
So, from every $1 of total assets, $1.08 worth of sales are generated.
Explanation:
To calculate how many dollars worth of sales are generated by $1 of total assets, we use the total assets turnover ratio. It is an accounting measure that measures the efficiency of the company's assets in generating sales. It calculates the dollar values of sales generated by each $1 of total assets. The formula for total assets turnover is,
Total Assets Turnover = Sales / Average Total Assets
We already know the level of sales. We need to determine the value of total assets first.
Total Assets = Fixed assets + Current Assets
As we know that net working capital = current assets - current liabilities,
So, the current assets are,
2715 = Current assets - 3908
2715 + 3908 = Current assets
Current assets = $6623
Total assets = 6623 + 22407
Total assets = $29030
Total Assets Turnover = 31350 / 29030
Total assets turnover = 1.0799 rounded off to 1.08
So, from every $1 of total assets, $1.08 worth of sales are generated.
Identify the type of cash flow activity for each of the following events (operating, investing, or financing): a. Redeemed bonds be. Issued preferred stock c. Paid cash dividends d. Net income e. Sold equipment f. Purchased treasury stock go. Purchased patents h. Purchased buildings i. Sold long-term investments j. Issued bonds k. Issued common stock
Answer is given below
Explanation:
type of cash flow activity
a. Redeemed bonds ---------------Fiancing
b Issued preferred stock -----------Fiancing
c. Paid cash dividends --------------Fiancing
d. Net income --------------------------Operating
e. Sold equipment --------------------Investing
f. Purchased treasury stock -------Fiancing
g. Purchased patents ----------------Investing
h. Purchased buildings -------------Investing
i. Sold long-term investments ----Investing
j. Issued bonds ------------------------Fiancing
k. Issued common stock -----------Fiancing
The monetary value of a homemaker's time CANNOT be estimated by
A. comparing the value of the services to the spouse's wage rate.
B. measuring the marginal value of the services by the homemaker's wage rate received in a part-time job.
C. measuring the services in terms of current market prices.
D. measuring the value of the services by looking at the homemaker's opportunity costs.
Answer: measuring the services in terms of current market prices
Explanation:
Based on the information that has been provided in the question, it should be noted that the monetary value of a homemaker's time can be estimated by
comparing the value of the services to the spouse's wage rate, measuring the marginal value of the services by the homemaker's wage rate received in a part-time job and also measuring the value of the services by looking at the homemaker's opportunity costs.
Therefore, the option that measuring the services in terms of current market prices is not estimated.
An S corporation earns per share before taxes. The corporate tax rate is 35%, the personal tax rate on dividends is 20%, and the personal tax rate on non-dividend income is 39%. What is the total amount of taxes paid if the company pays a dividend?
Answer:
$2.73
Explanation:
Question is incomplete. But assuming the company earn per shares before tax is $7 and the company pays a dividend of $2
Hence, the total amount of taxes paid is = Company earn per shares * personal tax rate on non-dividend income
= $7 * 39%
= $7 * 0.39
=$2.73
Which of the following do you NOT include when calculating the closing balance of PP&E?
a) Cash capital expenditures
b) PP&E acquired through acquisitions
c) PP&E acquired under capital or financing leases
d) Changes in working capital
Answer:
d) Changes in working capital
Explanation:
the formula used for calculating net PP&E is:
Net PP&E = gross PP&E + capital expenditures - accumulated depreciation
PP&E represents fixed assets (plant, property, and equipment).
On the other hand, working capital involves current assets and liabilities such as cash, accounts receivables, accounts payable, inventories, taxes payable, etc.
Seacrest Company has 15,000 shares of cumulative preferred 2% stock, $50 par and 50,000 shares of $5 par common stock. The following amounts were distributed as dividends:
Year 1 $30,000
Year 2 12,000
Year 3 45,000
Required:
Determine the dividends per share for preferred and common stock for each year.
Answer:
Cumulative Preferred Stock must always pay out Dividends and when they cannot, the amount unpaid will be accrued for payment to another year when it can be paid.
When Dividends are declared, Preference Shareholders are paid first and then common shareholders follow.
Year 1
Preference Shares = Number of shares * Par value * %
= 15,000 * 50 * 2%
= $15,000
Common Shareholders will get the rest;
= 30,000 - 15,000
= $15,000
Year 2.
Preference Shareholders are still due $15,000 however only $12,000 is available. They will take all of it and be owed $3,000.
Preference Shares, Year 2 = $12,000
Common Shareholders get nothing.
Year 3.
Preference Shareholders are owed $15,000 for the year. They are also owed $3,000 from the previous year.
Preference Shares = 15,000 + 3,000
= $18,000
Common Shareholders will get the remainder;
= 45,000 - 18,000
= $27,000
Choose some specific types of changes you would like to see happen in groups or organizations with which you are familiar. Imagine that you were to try to bring about these changes. What sources of resistance should you anticipate? How would you manage the resistance?
Answer:
Explanation:
Human are the source of resistance this include the staff, employees, employers and the team of the organization that is involved.
The resistance often come because of the fear of the outcome of the innovation or change and complacency with the current state.
Ability to Capture the passion needed and leverage on the position surrounding the change can reduces resistance among the people
Ability to get support of management, supervisors to advocate for the change helps reduce resistance.
Also, the reason for the change and its impact should be well communicated among the employees this help reduce resistance.
Kenton and Denton Universities offer executive training courses to corporate clients. Kenton pays its instructors $6,405 per course taught. Denton pays its instructors $305 per student enrolled in the class. Both universities charge executives a $349 tuition fee per course attended.
A. Prepare income statements tor Kenton and Lenton, assuming that 21 students athend a course.
B. Kenton University embark on a strategy to entice students from Denton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course. Prepare an income statement for Kenton assuming that the university is successful and enrolls 40 students in its course.
C. Denton University embarks on a strategy to entice students from Kenton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course. Prepare an income statement for Denton, assuming that the university is successful and enrolls 40 students in its course.
D. Prepare income statements for Kenton and Denton Universities, assuming that 10 students attend a course, and assuming that both universities charge executives a $450 tuition fee per course attended.
Answer:
Kenton and Denton Universities
A. Income Statements
Kenton Denton
Tuition Revenue $7,329 $7,329
Instructors' Salaries 6,405 6,405
Net Income $924 $924
B. Kenton University embark on a strategy to entice students from Denton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course.
Income Statement for Kenton University:
Tuition Revenue $9,600
Instructors' Salaries 6,405
Net Income $3,195
C. Denton University embarks on a strategy to entice students from Kenton University by lowering its tuition to $240 per course.
Income Statement for Denton University:
Tuition Revenue $9,600
Instructors' Salaries 12,200
Net Income (Loss) ($2,600)
D. Income Statement for Kenton and Denton Universities:
Kenton Denton
Tuition Revenue $4,500 $4,500
Instructors' Salaries 6,405 3,050
Net Income/(Loss) ($1,905) $1,450
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Kenton University:
Salaries to instructors per course = $6,405
Tuition fee per course = $349
Denton University:
Salaries to instructors per student = $305
Tuition fee per course = $349
b) Kenton and Denton Universities' costs are determined by their nature based on whether they are fixed or variable. These costs also determine the level of net income to be recorded by each university.
The GoT cups are a fast seller and you need to ensure that you have enough rolls of paper to fulfill demand. The first stage in the process is to determine the total cost of the current inventory ordering model. Given the following information, how many rolls should they order to minimize costs?H: $1.75 per unitD: 500 rolls per monthQ: 100 units ordered at a timeS: $25 per order
Answer:
EOQ = 414 rolls
Explanation:
In order to calculate the number of orders to minimize the cost, we should calculate that by using the Economic order quantity model.
DATA
Holding cost = $1.75/unit
Annual demand = 500 rolls x 12 = 6000 rolls
Ordering cost = $25
Formula
EOQ =[tex]\sqrt{\frac{2Cod}{Ch} }[/tex]
Where
Co = ordering cost
D = Annual demand
Ch = Holding cost
Solution
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(6000)(25)}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{300000}{1.75} }[/tex]
EOQ = 414 rolls
They should order 414 rolls to minimize the cost.
Answer:
119 units
Explanation:
The economic order quantity is the minimum amount of inventory that a seller must keep to demand and lower the holding cost. The ordering cost is $25 per order. Holding cost is $1.75 per unit. The total demand is 500 units per month. The economic order quantity that will minimize the cost of the GoT cups is
EOQ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2*Demand*ordering cost}{Holding cost} }[/tex]
EOQ is 119 units.
Calculate the real deficit or surplus in the following cases: a. Inflation is 17 percent. Debt is $7 trillion. Nominal deficit is $820 billion.
Answer:
$370 Billion Surplus
Explanation:
We can find the real deficit by using the following formula:
Real Surplus / (Deficit) = Nominal Deficit – (Inflation * Total Debt)
Here,
Nominal Deficit is $820 Billions
Inflation is 17%
And
Total Debt is $7 Trillion
By putting values, we have:
Real Deficit = $820 Billions - (17% * $7,000 Billions)
= $370 Billion Surplus
BankMart Inc. recently issued bonds that mature in 9 years. They have a par value of $1,000 and an annual coupon of 3%. The current market interest rate is 8%.What should be the bond's price?
Answer:
Price of Bond = $687.66
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond for Bank Mart Inc can be worked out as follows:
Step 1
Calculate the PV of interest payments
Annual interest payment
= 3%× 1000 = 30
PV of interest payment
PV = A× (1- 1+r)^(-n)
A- 30, r- 8%, n- 9
30× ((1-1.08^(-9))/0.08)=187.41
Step 2
PV of redemption Value
PV = RV × (1+r)^(-n)
RV - 1000, r- 8%, n- 9
PV of RV = 1000 × 1.08^(-9) = 500.24
Step 3
Price of bond
Total PV = 187.41 + 500.24 = $687.66
Price of Bond = $687.66
Which statement thanks respondent for their participation, describes how incentives are received, and reassures them of the confidentiality of their responses
Answer:
Closing statement
Explanation:
Hope it helped
You took out a mortgage for $300,000. You need to pay $2,730 every month for 15 years. what is the monthly interest rate
Answer:
491.4
Explanation:
15×12=180
2.730×180=491.4
Data related to the inventories of Costco Medical Supply are presented below: Surgical Equipment Surgical Supplies Rehab Equipment Rehab Supplies Selling price $ 276 $ 134 $ 354 $ 152 Cost 156 136 255 152 Costs to sell 17 17 16 7 In applying the lower of cost or net realizable value rule, the inventory of surgical supplies would be valued at:
Answer:
$117
Explanation:
Costco Medical Supply's merchandise inventory:
Surgical equip. Surgical supplies Rehab equip. Rehab supplies
Selling price $276 $134 $354 $152
Cost $156 $136 $255 $152
Cost to sell $17 $17 $16 $7
Net realizable V. $259 $117 $338 $145
If we apply the lower of cost or net realizable rule for determining the value of surgical supplies, its value would be: $117 < $136
When we use the lower of cost or net realizable rule, we should value our inventory at the lowest value between original purchase cost and current net realizable value of the products.
Quantitative Problem 1: Hubbard Industries just paid a common dividend, D0, of $1.50. It expects to grow at a constant rate of 2% per year. If investors require a 8% return on equity, what is the current price of Hubbard's common stock? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ per share
Answer:
The current price of Hubbard's common stock is $25.50.
Explanation:
This can be calculated using the Gordon growth model (GGM) formula that assumes growth is dividend will be constant as follows:
P = D1/(r - g) ............................ (1)
Where,
P = Current stock price = ?
D1 = Next dividend = D0 * (1 + g) = $1.50 * (1 + 2%) = $1.53
r = required return = 8%, or 0.08
g = growth rate = 2%, or 0.02
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
P = $1.53 / (0.08 - 0.02) = $25.50
Therefore, the current price of Hubbard's common stock is $25.50.
Whispering Corporation began 2017 with a $94,200 balance in the Deferred Tax Liability account. At the end of 2017, the related cumulative temporary difference amounts to $352,400, and it will reverse evenly over the next 2 years. Pretax accounting income for 2017 is $505,400, the tax rate for all years is 40%, and taxable income for 2017 is $388,500.
Part 1
Compute income taxes payable for 2017.
Income taxes payable
$
Part 2
Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2017. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit Credit
Part 3
Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2017 beginning with the line "Income before income taxes.". (Enter loss using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).)
Answer:
1. Income tax payable = Taxable income for 2017 * Income tax rate
Income tax payable = $388,500 * 40%
Income tax payable = $155,400
2. Journal Entry
Account Titles and Explanations Debit Credit
Income tax expense $202,160
($505,400*40%)
Deferred tax liability $46,760
($202,160-$155,400)
Income tax payable $155,400
($388,500*40%)
3. Income Statement (Partial)
For the Year Ended Dec 31, 2017
Income before income taxes $505,400
Income tax expense
Current $155,400
Deferred $46,760 $202,160
Net Income $303,240
ICOT Industries issued 28 million of its $1 par common shares for $492 million on April 11. Legal, promotional, and accounting services necessary to effect the sale cost $3 million. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the shares. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)
Answer:
Dr Cash $492
Cr Common stock $28
Cr PIC in excess of par 464
Dr PIC in excess of par $3
Cr Cash $3
Explanation:
Preparation of the Journal entry to record the issuance of the shares
Based on the information given we were told that the Industries issued 28 million of its $1 par common shares for the amount of $492 million on April 11 which means that the Journal entry will be:
Dr Cash $492
Cr Common stock $28
(28 million x $1)
Cr PIC in excess of par 464
($492-$28)
(To record the sale of the stock)
Based on the information given we were told that the Industries had Legal, promotional, and accounting services necessary to effect the sale cost of the amount of $3 million which means that the Journal entry will be:
Dr PIC in excess of par $3
Cr Cash $3
(To record the stock issue costs)
The following information is available for the first month of operations of Diacox Inc., a manufacturer of sports apparel:
Sales $2,050,000
Gross profit 490,000
Indirect labor 152,000
Indirect materials 45,000
Other factory overhead 515,000
Materials purchased 801,000
Total manufacturing costs for the period 1,710,000
Materials inventory, end of period 36,800
Using the given information, determine the following:__________.
Cost of goods sold
Direct materials cost
Direct labor cost
Answer:
Cost of goods sold= $1,560,000
Direct material cost= $764,200
Direct labor= $233,800
Explanation:
(A) Cost of goods sold= Sales -gross profit
Sales= $2,050,000
Gross profit= $490,000
Therefore, the cost of goods sold can be calculated as follows
= $2,050,000-$490,000
= $1,560,000
(B) Direct materials cost= Materials purchased-materials inventory ending
Material purchased= $801,000
Material inventory ending= $36,800
Therefore, the direct material cost can be calculated as follows
= $801,000-$36,800
= $764,200
(C) Direct labor= Total manufacturing cost-direct material cost-manufacturing overhead
Total manufacturing cost= $1,710,000
Direct material cost= $764,200
Manufacturing overhead= indirect labor+indirect material+other factory overhead
$152,000+$45,000+$515,000
= $712,000
Therefore, the direct labor can be calculated as follows
= $1,710,000-$764,200-$712,000
= $233,800
Eccles Inc. Eccles Inc., a zero growth firm, has an expected EBIT of $100,000 and a corporate tax rate of 30%. Eccles uses $500,000 of 12.0% debt, and the cost of equity to an unlevered firm in the same risk class is 16.0%. Refer to the data for Eccles Inc. What is the firm's cost of equity according to MM with corporate taxes? a. 25.9% b. 32.0% c. 28.8% d. 21.0% e. 23.3%
Answer:
b) 32%
Explanation:
Formula for calculating cost of equity is given as ;
r levered = r levered + ( debt / equity × ( r unlevered - cost of debt) × ( 1 - tax)
r unlevered is the cost of an unlevered equity = 16.0%
Debt = $500,000
Cost of debt = 12%
Equity = unknown
Firstly, we need to calculate the value of the firm and the formula is denoted by;
EBIT ( 1 - tax ) / Unlevered cost of equity + ( debt × tax )
= $100,000 ( 1 - 30% ) / 16% + ( $500,000 × 30% )
= $100,000 ( 0.7 ) /0.16 + $30,000
= $437,500 + $150,000
= $587,500
r levered = 16% + ( $500,000 / ( $587,500 - $500,000 ) × ( 16% - 12% ) × ( 1 - 30%)
= 0.16 + ( $500,000 / 87,500 ) × 0.04 × ( 0.7 )
= 0.16 + 5.71 × 0.04 × 0.7
= 32%
Radoski Corporation's bonds make an annual coupon interest payment of 7.35% every year. The bonds have a par value of $1,000, a current price of $1,470, and mature in 12 years. What is the yield to maturity on these bonds
Answer:
The answer is 2.71 percent
Explanation:
The interest payment is annually.
N(Number of periods) = 12 years
I/Y(Yield to maturity) = ?
PV(present value or market price) = $1,470
PMT( coupon payment) = $73.5 ( [7.35 percent x $1,000)
FV( Future value or par value) = $1,000.
We are using a Financial calculator for this.
N= 12; PV = -1470 ; PMT = 73.5; FV= $1,000; CPT I/Y= 2.71
Therefore, the Yield-to-maturity of the bond annually is 2.71 percent
John is considering purchasing a commercial building. His accountant is working with him to determine the property’s value to John. The initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions represents the:
Answer:
Adjusted basis
Explanation:
Adjusted basis in accounting is used to calculate the net value of an asset. This is done by reducing depreciation deductions from the original value and adding capital expenses like cost of improvement.
This method is best used when there is need to get accurate gain and loss records, and for tax purposes.
In the given scenario John's accountant is using the adjusted basis when he calculates initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions
Garrod Smith is a master woodcarver and sole owner of "Smith Custom Doors, LLC." Which of the following advantages applies to his business form?
A. The business is not a taxable entity.B. The business is a separate legal entity from Garrod Smith.C. The business is not taxed as a corporation or sole proprietorship.D. The business makes Garrod liable for only half of the business' debt.
Answer: The business is not taxed as a corporation or sole proprietorship.
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Garrod Smith is a master woodcarver and sole owner of "Smith Custom Doors, LLC." The advantage that applies to his business form is that the business is not taxed as a corporation or a sole proprietorship.
In 2019, Dan transferred 5-year property to Fleck Corp. in a tax-deferred Section 351 transaction. Fleck took Dan's adjusted basis in the property. Dan originally placed the depreciable property in service in 2017. What year of the depreciation schedule will Fleck use to depreciate the property
Answer:
The property will be depreciated using the remaining 3 years of its life after the tax-free incorporation transfer year. This is because Dan had already depreciated the property for 2 years before the transfer.
Explanation:
Sec. 351 allows a tax-free incorporation transfer if certain requirements are met, including that the property must be transferred to Fleck Corporation by Dan in exchange for stock in Fleck Corporation, and, immediately after the exchange, the Fleck Corporation is in control.
Bob sells a car to Fred but Bob fails to mention that he disconnected the odometer, which reads 39,000 miles. Bob disconnected the odometer 20,000 miles ago. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. duress.
b. undue influence.
c. puffery.
d. Fraud in the inducement.
e. none of the above.
Answer:
d. Fraud in the inducement.
Explanation:
In this scenario, there was Fraud in the inducement. Fraud refers to the wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. Which in this case, by selling a car to Fred and claiming that it has 39,000 miles on (which it does not) they are deceiving Fred in order to make a sale. In doing so they are selling Fred a car that has 20,000 extra miles on it and possibly more internal damage than advertised by the Seller.
