Human population in areas prone to natural hazards has increased
What is the relationship between types of kinetic chain and whether the origin moves toward the insertion or the insertion moves toward the origin during a muscle contraction?
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The Kinetic Chain is an engineering concept used to describe human movement. It is used in a wide variety of clinical condition including musculoskeletal, sports medicine, neuro rehabilitation, prosthetic and orthotics.
The concept of Kinetic Chain was introduced by Franz Reuleaux in 1875. According to him overlapping segments were connected via joints and this created a system where movement ay one joint produced or affected movement at another joint in the kinetic link.
Two types of Kinetic Chain are:
Open Chain:
It is a combination of successively arranged joints in which terminal segment can move freely. Thus the distal segment of the extremity is free to move in space, example- Waving a hand
Characteristics:
- Characterized by a rotary stress pattern at the joint.
- Occur in one primary axis
- The number of simultaneously moving segment is typically limited to one.
- These types of exercises allow for more isolated muscle activation because less muscle co-contraction is used to perform the movement.
Closed Chain:
It is when the distal segment meets considerable external resistance prohibiting free movement. It is a system where neither the proximal nor the distal segment can move.
Characteristics:
- Linear stress pattern produced at the tibiofemoral joint due to axial joint loading.
- Movement at multiple joints and multiple -joint axes at hip, knee, subtalar joints.
- Simultaneous movement occurs at both segment.
What are Insertion and Origin muscles?The insertion and origin muscles are two different places where the bone is attached one at each end. Enthesis is the connective tissue between this attachment.
Insertion Muscles- The insertion muscles are connections to the bone via tendons. It is attached to the more movable bone.
Thus, this muscle is responsible for body movement. It is usually the distal end and has less mass.
Origin Muscles- Origin is the proximal site that stays more stable and relatively fixed during muscle contraction.
The head is a portion at the end of the origin muscle where it fixes to the bone. Some muscles can have more than one head.
Difference between two:
1. Insertion is more movable compared to Origin muscles as the former is attached to bone via tendons whereas the latter is less movable as it is attached via bone.
2. Insertion is a distal end attached to more movable bone whereas origin is proximal end attached to the less movable bone.
3. Insertion has less muscle mass whereas Origin has more muscle mass
4. Insertion moves with muscle contraction whereas Origin doesn't move during Muscle Contraction.
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A. the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype. B. the expression of a dominant phenotype in a heterozygote. C. the expression of one gene masking the effects of another gene. D. quantitative traits that diminish or intensify a particular phenotype. E. the increased expression of a particular trait when a hybrid species is formed.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is;
Penetrance and expressivity are related to
A. the expression of a dominant phenotype in a heterozygote.
B. the increased expression of a particular trait when a hybrid species is formed.
C. the expression of one gene masking the effects of another gene.
D. quantitative traits that diminish or intensify a particular phenotype.
E. the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.
Answer:
the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.
Explanation:
In genetics, we define penetrance as the proportion of individuals in a given population carrying a particular gene/allele which leads to the expression of the particular trait associated with that gene/allele.
Expressivity is defined as the degree of expression of a given phenotype by individuals who possess a particular genotype. Expressivity shows the extent of variation in expression of genes by individuals having a particular genotype.
Both penetrance and expressivity has to do with the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.
The neurons that carry from the brain to the muscle are called ?
Answer:
Motor Neurons
Answer:
The neurons that carry messages to the muscles are called motor neurons.
1. Which of the following would classify a protozoan as an Amoebozoa?
A.)Having a pellicle B.)Movement by pseudopods C.)Having an oral groove D.)Having an endoplasm E.)Having an ectoplasm
2. Which of the following would be analogous to a sperm penetrating an egg?
A.)Plasmogamy B.)Mitosis C.)Germination D.)Meiosis E.)Karyogamy
3. Which of the following can infect the brain? A.)Euglena B.)Trichomonas
C.)Trypanosoma D.)Plasmodium E.)Giardia
4. Flukes and tapeworms are in the same phylum because they are which of the following? A.)Long B.)Thin C.)Round D.)Short E.)Flat
5. Which of the following is used to keep the protozoa from swelling?
A.)Endoplasm B.)Plasmalemma C.)Ectoplasm D.)Contractile vacuole
E.)Pellicle
Answer:
D.Having an endoplasmC. GerminationA. EuglenaC. RoundE. PellicleWhich mineral is produced when two atoms of iron chemically combine with three atoms of
oxygen?
1. garnet
2. pyrite
3. magnetite
4. hematite
The natural mineral form of iron oxide is called hematite The mineral, which contains 70% pure Fe, ranges in color from metallic dull to vivid black to steel-gray. Thus, option D is correct.
What atoms of iron, chemically three atoms of oxygen?Oxides of many significant metals are common. Iron oxides include hematite (Fe2O3), which has a ratio of two iron atoms to three oxygen atoms, and magnetite, which has a ratio of three iron atoms to four oxygen atoms. The most magnetic mineral is magnetite.
On the surface of the Earth, it is the mineral that is most common. There are numerous other applications for hematite.
It is employed in the production of pigments, polishing, heavy media separation, jewelry making, and home energization. In addition to these, it has therapeutic properties.
Therefore, hematite mineral is produced when two atoms of iron chemically combine with three atoms of oxygen.
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In large populations, small fluctuations in survivorship or reproduction among individual organisms are unlikely to affect allele or genotype frequencies in the population.
a. True
b. False
Answer: True.
Explanation:
A population is defined as the set of individuals that inhabit a given geographic area. A population has a certain allele frequency, which is the measure of the relative proportion of alleles in a given population, expressed as a percentage or unit. It is estimate using the number of times the allele is found in a locus and dividing it by the total number of alleles. While the genotypic frequency refers to the number of times that each of the genotypes generated by the two-by-two combinations of the alleles involved in the locus under study appears in relation to the total number of genotypes (which will be equal to the total number of individuals included in the study).
The population can be increased or decreased according to the birth and death rates. Generally, unless specific alterations occur, such as the spread of a disease, immigration, emigration, natural disasters, and others, the size of the population will remain constant. This means that the birth rate is quite similar to the death rate. And the larger the population, the more difficult it is to disturb this balance between births and deaths. So if small fluctuations in survival or reproduction occur between individuals, it is unlikely that this will affect the frequency of alleles and/or genotypes. This is explained using the Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the genetic composition of a population remains in equilibrium as long as no mutation occurs, and nor natural selection nor any other factor acts. After a generation of random mating, the frequencies of the genotypes of a locus are fixed at an equilibrium value. Then, the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of extreme disturbing factors such as those mentioned above (diseases, natural disasters, and others).
Note that for this principle to be fulfilled, the population must be diploid (have two alleles of each gene), must reproduce sexually in a random manner, and must be large enough to minimize the effect of genetic drift (random fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next, due to random events that can cause certain traits to become dominant or disappear from a population).
Which structures allow lycophytes to grow bigger than mosses and liverworts?
A. gametophytes and sporophytes
b. xylem and phloem
C. haploid and diploid
D. roots and stems
The structure that allows lycophytes to grow bigger than mosses and liverworts is xylem and phloem which is option B
Lycophytes are spore bearing vascular plants. Being a vascular plant, they possess vessels ( vascular tissues) which include:
ylem: this is used for conducting water usually from the root to the rest of the plant partsPhloem: this is the vascular tissue that is used to conduct food( sugar) produced in the leaves of plants to other parts of the plant.The possession of the vessels makes the lycophytes appear bigger.
Mosses and liverworts belongs to the plant phylum Bryophyta. They do not have any vascular tissues that can be used to conduct water and food. This restricts their size.
Therefore, the structure that allows lycophytes to grow bigger than mosses and liverworts is xylem and phloem
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Answer:
xylem and phloem
Explanation:
Lycophytes have specialized tissue that transports nutrients and provides structural support.
Fred loves La Paz, Bolivia so much that he decides to stay there for a couple years. All of the following changes could be considered a compensatory mechanism in response to the chronically decreased oxygen content EXCEPT
a. an increase in amount of circulating red blood cells.
b. an increase in oxygen extraction by perfused cells.
c. an increase in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.
d. a decrease in heart rate.
Answer:
d. a decrease in heart rate.
Explanation:
As the altitude rises, the number of oxygen molecules in the air decreases. Lower oxygen levels at high altitudes stimulate the release of erythropoietin (EPO), which is associated with the increased red blood cells, i.e., it enables more oxygen molecules to be transported to cells and tissues. Moreover, at high latitudes, the increased hemoglobin (Hb)–oxygen affinity helps to safeguard arterial O2 saturation and thus mitigates the effects of low oxygen concentration in arterial blood (arterial hypoxemia). Finally, oxygen extraction depends on an appropriate supply of oxygen in the blood vessels. An increased oxygen extraction occurs when there is an inadequate circulating blood volume or when the number of red blood cells decreases below the normal levels.
Which of the following statements is not true of electron microscopes
Explanation:
the electronic microscope is used for observing
planets and stars:-False.
the electronic microscope is used for observing
microorganisms:-True.
The following statement is not true of electron microscopes: "electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens," which is in Option C, as electron microscopes use beams of electrons to produce images, and here living specimens can't be viewed.
What are electron microscopes?Electron microscopes are advanced scientific instruments that use a beam of electrons to produce an image of a specimen, and the use of electrons instead of light in electron microscopy allows for a much higher resolution image, as the shorter wavelength of electrons compared to light means that the images produced by an electron microscope can be much sharper and more detailed.
Hence, the following statement is not true of electron microscopes: "electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens," which is in Option C.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is below
Which of the following statements is not true of electron microscopes
A. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons to produce an image.
B. Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.
C. Electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens.
D. Electron microscopes can be used to view the internal structure of cells.
Which trait is totally determined by genes
Answer:
hair color is determined by genetics
Explanation:
How are rivers and streams able
to keep algae from growing?
Plz help
Answer:
answer is A just did it on my acellus
Explanation:
The correct answer is option (A) the running water will sweep the algae downstream and keeps it from growing.
What is algal bloom?
The rapid increase in production of algae in freshwater and marine water system is called algal bloom. It is also known as the discoloration of water from the algal pigment.What causes algal bloom?
Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus cause overgrowth of algae.The overgrowth of algae consumes oxygen and blocks sunlight from underwater plants. When the algae eventually dies, the oxygen in the water is consumed.As the river and streams are always flowing it will sweep the algae which will prevent it from growing further.
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What happens inside the mitochondria?
A. photosynthesis
B. blood circulation
C. cellular respiration
What process creates new cells?
A. cell division
B. cell metamorphosis
C. cellokinesis
Answer:
A. cell division
Explanation:
Describe urine formation
Explanation:
Capillaries of kidneys filter the blood and the essential substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and the required amount of water are reabsorbed. Excess water and nitrogenous waste in humans are converted to urine.hope it helps.stay safe healthy and happy...Which part of visible light transfers the most energy?
Gamma
ray
Ultra-
violet Infrared
Radio
Ah
X-rays Visible Microwave
O red
O blue
mmm
O green
O yellow
Wavelength (nm)
10-
10-
1
102
10-
10*
10°
1010
Frequency (Hz)
10%
10"
101
1015
101
10"
10°
107
Answer: It's most likely Gamma Rays.
Explanation:
One of the distinguishing characteristics of nervous tissue is how difficult it is to repair damage to nervous tissue. Explain factors limit neurogenesis in the CNS of adults, why is it so hard to repair a damaged nerve
Answer:
Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues.
Explanation:
Neurogenesis in adults is limited by Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, mainly from oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues that are present during fetal development. It is so hard to repair a damaged nerve because nerve cell like other cells can't divide and increase in number, they can't renew themselves. Due to no division, the nerve cells does not increase in number and therefore can't repair themselves.
Which is another name for observation?
Answer:
I would say hypothesis is what we use for science as a guess, but also monitoring is a good one.
Explanation:
Another name for observation is inspection.
Spermatogenesis is a process in which the tests produce
red blood cells
sperms
white blood cell
eggs
Answer:
Produce sperms.
Explanation:
This occurs in three stages; proliferation and spermatogia differentiation, meiosis, spermeogenesis.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Witch of the following is an example of a good hypothesis? A. The vinegar is the acid and the soap is the base. B. I think the glow sticks will be brighter in the hot water. C. When placed in hot water , sugar cubes will dissolve more slowly then granulated sugar. D. Hot water makes things disk faster.
1.Explain how is small intestine designed to absorb digested food.
2.Write two differences between the nutrition in amoeba and human beings.
3.Fungus can be harmful and useful. Give an example showing both of these traits of fungus.
Answer:
Similarity:
Amoeba and human beings require the same nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for their growth and survival.
Difference:
1. Mode of Nutrition:
Amoeba is unicellular and microscopic, which makes it an organism that uses the Holozoic mode of nutrition. It ingests food through its cell membrane and feeds on other tiny organisms like bacteria, algae, and protozoans. On the other hand, human beings are multicellular organisms and use saprophytic and holozoic modes of nutrition. They ingest complex food materials that are broken down into simpler nutrients.
hormones stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
Answer:
hope its helps you
Explanation:
please like and mark brainlis
Whose argument is stronger regarding the SAC curves and the LAC curve? A. The draftsman since the lowest point on each SAC curve will have a horizontal tangent line which only occurs at the lowest point on the LAC. B. Jacob Viner since the SAC curves can be adjusted slightly and still keep their U-shape in a way that makes their lowest points end up on the LAC curve. C. Jacob Viner since the long-run average cost curve must be composed of the lowest points on any individual short-run average cost curve. D. The draftsman since, while it is true that the points of tangency of the SAC curves with the LAC curve are at each SAC curve's minimum, it is impossible to illustrate it accurately.
NB: This is a business question, not biology.
Answer:
SAC (Short-run Average Cost) and LAC (Long-run Average Cost)
The stronger argument regarding the SAC (Short-run Average Cost) curves and the LAC (Long-run Average Cost) curves is:
A. The draftsman since the lowest point on each SAC curve will have a horizontal tangent line which only occurs at the lowest point on the LAC.
Explanation:
The costs of all factors of production become variable in the long run. But in the short-run, some costs are variable, and some are fixed. When the producer starts operating over the long run period, it can then operate without the constraints imposed by the presence of the fixed-cost factors. Therefore, in the long run, the average cost (LAC) is equal to the short-run average cost (SAC) because there is an unconstrained minimum average cost at all output levels.
Complete the comparison of the metabolic pathways leading to thymine in DNA and thymine as a modified base in tRNA.
Thymine in DNA occurs as the result of thymidylate synthase creating _______________ , which then undergoes ____________ to ____________, then to __________, and incorporated into DNA by ___________.
Answer:
The question is incomplete, the complete question is as follow:
Thymine in DNA occurs as the result of thymidylate synthase creating _______, which then undergoes _______ to _______, then to _______, and incorporated into D N A by _______. Thymine in tRNA arises ________, by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent _______ of a ______ residue in RNA.
Answer:
Thymine in DNA occurs as the result of thymidylate synthase creating dTMP, which then undergoes phosphorylation to dTDP, then to dTTP, and incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase. Thymine in tRNA arises posttranslationally, by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of a UMP residue in RNA.
Explanation:
Thymidylate synthase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of 2′-deoxythymidine-5′-monophosphate (dTMP) from 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate (dUMP). This enzyme catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group (phosphorylation) of dTMP in order to form thymidine 5'-diphosphate (dTDP). Once synthesized, dTMP can be metabolized to deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP), which is a precursor for DNA biosynthesis. On the other hand, transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is methylated after the molecule is synthesized. The transfer of the methyl group is catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine–dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of uridine monophosphate (UMP) using SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) as the methyl donor.
What is the effect of alcohol administration on the frequency of Daphnia heart contractions and how does this effect of alcohol change with the dose of alcohol applied?
Answer:
to prevent bacteria and viruses
Currently, the world population is about
Answer:
approximately 8billion
explain the structure of human teeth molar
Answer:
Structure of the Tooth
A tooth consists of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue. The portion of a tooth exposed to the oral cavity is known as the dental crown, and the portion below the dental crown is known as the tooth root.
Writing Assignment
One of the main functions of connective tissue is to integrate
organs and organ systems in the body, Discuss how blood
fulfills this role.
Answer:
Major functions of connective tissue include: 1) binding and supporting, 2) protecting, 3) insulating, 4) storing reserve fuel, and 5) transporting substances within the body .Blood integrates organs and organ systems by transporting and exchanging fluid with various organs and organ system to allow them to function and work properly allowing the organism to survive
Why might an individual with AIDS have difficulty fighting off otherwise harmless infections? please answer!! last question I have!!!
Answer:
The HIV virus that causes AIDS kills T-cells. T-cells are responsible for fighting off infections. So someone with AIDS has a reduced number of T-cells and are unable to fight off infections that are harmless to other individuals.
List the reactions of glycolysis that: _________
a. are energy-consuming (under standard state conditions).
b. are energy-yielding (under standard state conditions).
c. consume ATP.
d. yield ATP.
e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity.
f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte
Answer:
b. are energy-yielding (under standard state conditions).
d. yield ATP.
Explanation:
The reactions of glycolysis produces the ATP molecules from the breakdown of glucose molecule. Glycolysis produces 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH, and 2 molecules of pyruvate: Glycolysis breakdown glucose with the help of oxygen produces energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate so e can conclude that glycolysis are energy-yielding process for the cell.
the people who put together the factors of production to produce goods is called
Answer:
an entrepreneur or innovater
