Butter is non-polar and Water has relatively high boiling point due to Hydrogen bonding.
While hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than London dispersion forces, maintain water molecules attracted to one another, there are neither dipole-dipole nor hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces in butter since it is not polar. Therefore, boiling water requires more heat energy than boiling butter. Because hydrogen bonding, an extremely potent intermolecular force, holds water's molecules together, water has a high boiling point. In order for water molecules to be released as steam, the hydrogen bonds between them must be broken, which requires more kinetic energy or a higher temperature.
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how many o atoms are in ammonium acetate? how many o atoms are in ammonium acetate? 5 2 1 3 none of the above
There are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).
Ammonium ( NH₄⁺ ) comes from Ammonia ( NH₃ ) :
NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺ ( Ammonium ion )
Acetate ( CH₃COO⁻ ) comes from Acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) :
CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺
Ammonium acetate :
NH₄⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ = CH₃COONH₄
Here, Ammonium ion does not have any O atom and acetate have 2 o atoms,
0-O + 2-O = Total number of atom O
Total number of atom O = 2
So, the right option is B. 2, there are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).
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based on their structures, rank phenol, benzene, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid in terms of lowest to highest boiling point. explain your reasoning.
Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.
so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.
Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
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hydrogen cyanide, hcn, is a poisonous gas. the lethal dose is approximately 300 hcn per kilogram of air when inhaled. (a) calculate the amount of hcn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring . the density of air at is 0.00118 (b) if the hcn is formed by reaction of with an acid such as what mass of nacn gives the lethal dose in the room?
The amount of HCn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring the density of air at is 0.00118 is 14.4 g of the HCN.
The volume of the air present in laboratory room is as :
volume of laboratory room = length × breadth × height
= 12 × 15 × 8 ft³
= 1440 ft³ = 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³
The mass of air = density of air × volume of the laboratory room
= 0.00118 g /cm³ × 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³
= 48210.7 g = 48.21 kg
a) The lethal dose of HCN in the 1kg of the air = 300 × 10⁻³ g of HCN
therefore , for 48.21 kg = 300 × 10⁻³ × 48.21
= 14.4 g
b) 2 moles of the HCN form the 2 moles of NaCN
molar mass of NaCN = 49 g/mol
molar mass of HCN = 27 g/mol
54 g of HCN will form 98 g of NaCN
14.4 g of HCN is consider as the lethal dose
theferfore , mass of NaCN give the lethal dose = (98 / 54 ) 14.4
= 26.22 g
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list at least Three chemical reactions that occur in making bread
Explanation:
Fermentation: When yeast is added to the dough, it begins to ferment the sugars present in the dough, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide helps to leaven the dough, while the ethanol is mostly evaporated during baking.
Maillard reaction: During baking, the heat causes a reaction between the amino acids and sugars in the dough, producing a wide range of compounds that give bread its characteristic flavor and aroma. This reaction is known as the Maillard reaction.
Protein denaturation: The heat of baking causes the proteins in the dough to denature, or lose their native conformation. This helps to give bread its texture and structure, and also contributes to the development of its crust.
How many moles of chlorine are present in 3 moles of MgCl2
The amount, in moles, of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] would be 6 moles.
Stoichiometric problem[tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made from magnesium and chlorine molecules according to the following equation:
[tex]MgCl_2 --- > Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^-[/tex]
From the above equation, 1 mole of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made up of 1 mole of Mg and 2 moles of Cl.
Following this established ratio, the amount of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows:
1 mole [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 moles of Cl
3 moles [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 x 3/1
= 6 moles of Cl
In other words, 6 moles of Cl would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex].
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Dna has an important role in making proteins, the biomolecules that help determine our traits as well as take part in chemical reactions throughout our bodies. Can you correctly label the steps/parts involved in protein synthesis?.
Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.
What are the steps of protein formation?The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:
1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.
2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined
3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.
4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.
5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur
6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function
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The diagram shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas. The atoms of a substance gain energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are close together and cannot slide past one another. After the change, the substance can fill its container.
A diagram has a triangle at center with gas on top, liquid on bottom right, solid on bottom left. An arrow from gas to liquid is labeled O, and an arrow from liquid to gas is labeled N. An arrow from solid to liquid is labeled P, and an arrow from liquid to solid is labeled Q. An arrow from solid to gas is labeled L, and an arrow from gas to solid is labeled M.
Which arrow represents the change of state described above?
The arrow that represents the change of state that has been described is L.
What are the states of matter?We know that there are three states of matter of matter and these are the solid, the liquid and the gas. We know that in the solid state, the particles that compose matter are all joined together and they are held in fixed positions and can not be able to slide past one another.
As such, we have been shown the diagram that shows the way that the energy is transferred between the states of matter in the image that is attached to this answer.
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Answer:
Its A
Explanation:
I got it right
How many liters (L) of water need to be added to prepare 1000mL of 0.3M NaCl from a 5M NaCl stock solution?
The amount of water needed to be added to prepare the solution would be 0.94 liters.
Dilution problemWhen diluting solutions, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of solutes after dilution. The only thing that changes are the volume and concentration.
Thus, the equation of dilution is:
[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]
Where
[tex]m_1[/tex] is molarity before dilution[tex]v_1[/tex] is volume before dilution[tex]m_2[/tex] is molarity after dilution[tex]v_2[/tex] is volume after dilutionIn this case:
[tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, and [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL
Substituting:
5[tex]v_1[/tex] = 0.3 x 1000
[tex]v_1[/tex] = 300/5
= 60 mL
This means that the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. The amount of water to be added would then be:
1000 - 60 = 940 mL
940 mL = 0.94 L
In other words, the amount of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution is 0.94 L.
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The compound between Sulfur and Magnesium is _
Answer:
Magnesium sulfide
Explanation:
which of the following is false about crystal field theory? group of answer choices weak field ligands absorb purple light. the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.
The following statement is false about crystal field theory : the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.
Crystal field theory (CFT) describes how a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution breaks degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals (anion neighbours).
Hans Bethe, a physicist, developed the crystal field theory (CFT) for crystalline solids in 1929.
The following is how Crystal Field Theory explains the colors of coordination compounds: The splitting of a d-orbital into multiple orbitals is known as crystal field splitting. When white light strikes the compound, an electron moves into a higher state, absorbing a specific wavelength of light.
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Draw the Lewis structure for XeF2 in the window below and then answer the questions that follow. с P opy aste []* С ChemDoodle Is XeF2 polar or nonpolar?
If XeF2 is polar or nonpolar based on the Lewis Structure and the molecular geometry (shape).
What is nonpolar?A nonpolar molecule has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed. In other words, the electrical charges of nonpolar molecules are evenly distributed across the molecule. Nonpolar molecules tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents, which are frequently organic solvents.In a polar molecule, one side of the molecule has a positive electrical charge and the other side has a negative electrical charge. Polar molecules tend to dissolve well in water and other polar solvents.There are also amphiphilic molecules, large molecules that have both polar and nonpolar groups attached to them. Because these molecules have both polar and nonpolar character, they make good surfactants, aiding in mixing water with fats.To learn more about molecules refer to:
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When warm air from a large body of water moves quickly into a land area of cold air, we can expect _________ to occur where the two air masses meet.
Answer: thunderstorms
Explanation:
any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with ________ to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.
Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.
What is Alcohol?This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.
However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.
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Which of the following concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes?
1. mass percent
2.mole fraction
3. molality
4. molarity
5. all of these
The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.
What is molarity?The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.
To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V
Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.
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g a student chose 1m acetic acid as the buffer solution to inhibit the ph change of an aqueous solution. if a strong acid is added to the solution, would this buffer solution inhibit the change of ph to the aqueous solution? explain.
If in 1 M acetic acid as the buffer solution to inhibit the pH change of an aqueous solution, if the strong acid is added to the buffer solution the pH decrease.
The buffer solution consist of both the acid and the base. the weak acid and the conjugate base or the weak base and the conjugate acid. if we added the strong acid then pH value of the solution will decreases, the expression is given as:
pH = pka + log [salt]/ [acid]
pH = 1 / [H⁺]
it is clear form the above equations that as the H⁺ ions concentration increases the pH value of the solution decreases. the pH value and the H⁺ ions concentration are inversely proportion to each other.
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Describe where the error (if any) is in the following orbital diagram. If there is an error, be sure to include the name of the rule and how to correct it. It is okay that the orbital diagram is horizontal- this is a space saver (energy increases to the right).
The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.
What is Orbital diagram?Each electron resides in the orbital with the , in accordance with the Auf Bau Principle.
According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold no more than two electrons. According to Hund's rule, electrons enter various orbitals within a single sub-level before doubling up within orbitals.
We have seen how the quantity and kind of valence electrons play a crucial role in establishing the chemical characteristics of a specific element. Due to their propensity to lose their single valence, Group 1A metals are extremely reactive.
Therefore, The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.
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__________ is a pulling force. Atmospheric pressure also acts as a force on objects
Answer:
Gravity
Explanation:
if atoms were smaller, planck's constant would be group of answer choices larger. smaller. no different in physical size.
If atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.
Planck's constant is the proportionality constant pertaining to a photon's strength to its frequency. a particle representing a quantum of mild or different electromagnetic radiation. A photon contains strength proportional to the radiation frequency however has 0 relaxation mass. The constant offers the connection among the strength of a photon and its frequency, and through the mass-strength equivalence, the connection among mass and frequency. This constant is directly proportional to the number of atoms. therefore if atoms were smaller, Planck's constant would be smaller.
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How many liters (L) of water need to be added to prepare 1000mL of
0.3M NaCI from a 5M NaCI stock solution?
The amount, in liters, of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3 M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution would be 0.94 L.
Dilution problemAccording to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of moles of solutes after dilution. This is mathematically expressed as:
[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]
Where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are molarities before and after dilution, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are volumes before and after dilution.
In this case, [tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL.
Let's find [tex]v_1[/tex]:
[tex]v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex] /[tex]m_1[/tex]
= 0.3x1000/5
= 60 mL
In other words, the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. This volume has to be diluted by water to the 1000 mL mark. Thus, the amount of water to be added would be:
1000 - 60 = 940 mL
940 mL = 0.94 L
In summary, 0.94 L of water will be required to prepare the solution.
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what is the form of energy contained in a dam called? group of answer choices nuclear chemical kinetic potential
Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.
Total energy:
The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.
Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.
Potential Energy:
In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.
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9. The Sun is powered by the fusion of hydrogen atoms into
helium atoms. When the Sun has exhausted its hydrogen sup-
ply, it could fuse helium-4, forming carbon-12. Write a
balanced nuclear equation for this process.
Answer: A balanced nuclear equation for the fusion of helium-4 to form carbon-12 would be:
He-4 + He-4 -> C-12 + energy
In this equation, two helium-4 atoms fuse to form a single carbon-12 atom and release energy. This process would occur in the core of the Sun once it has exhausted its supply of hydrogen and begins to fuse helium-4.
lactic acid has a pka equal to 3.86. what fraction of total lactic acid will be dissociated to lactate at ph 7.00?
The lactic acid has a pka equal to 3.86. the fraction of total lactic acid will be dissociated to lactate at pH 7.0 is 1.3 × 10³.
given that :
pH = 7.0
the pka value for the lactic acid = 3.86
according to the Henderson hasselbalch we get :
pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]
substituting all the values ,we get
pH = pka + log [ H] / [HA]
7 = 3.86 + log [ H] / [HA]
log [ H] / [HA] = 3.14
[ H] / [HA] = 10 ^ 3.14
[ H] / [HA] = 1380.3
[lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³
thus, the ratio of the [lactate]/ [lactic acid] = 1.3 × 10³
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uppose there are 5 chemists and 10 mathematicians in a room. a) how many ways can you select six people from the room?
The number of way to select people from a total of a people is a! /b!·(a-b)!
plugging in 15 for A and 6 for B
P= 15! / 6!(15-6)!
P= 1307674368000 / 720·9!
P= 1307674368000 / 362880
P= 360360
By choosing some items from a set and creating subsets, permutation and combination are two approaches to represent a group of objects. It outlines the numerous configurations for a particular set of data. Permutations are the selection of data or objects from a set, whereas combinations are the order in which they are represented. Both ideas are critical to mathematics.
Here, the differences between permutation and combination are described in detail. Here, we'll talk about both subjects with formulas, examples from everyday life, and questions that have been answered. Students can also work on the Permutation and Combination Worksheet to improve their understanding of this subject and learn shortcuts for answering additional questions.
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Ultra-light vs. Ultra-hard
Compared to the atomic arrangement of atoms in diamond, the atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material were..
a arranged in a line of atoms
b spread apart, chaotic, and spongy
c arranged in a pattern of highly organized crystals
d flat orderly 2-dimensional sheets
Compared to the atomic arrangement of atoms in diamond, the atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material were option B: spread apart, chaotic, and spongy.
What is the atomic arrangement about?The atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material described in the question is likely to be different from that of diamond. Diamond is a very hard and rigid material, with a highly ordered and crystalline atomic structure.
In contrast, the ultra-light material is described as being "spread apart, chaotic, and spongy," which suggests that its atomic arrangement is much less organized and more disordered than that of diamond.
Therefore, based on the above, this may be due to the use of a different type of bonding between atoms, or a different arrangement of atoms within the material, which results in a less rigid and more flexible structure.
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Cations are formed when neutral atoms lose neutrons positrons protons electrons
Cations are formed when neutral atoms lose electrons from the valence shell of an atom.
What is an atom?An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.
The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.
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a chemist adds of a zinc nitrate solution to a reaction flask. calculate the millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the flask. round your answer to significant digits.
992 millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the reaction flask.
Zinc nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn(NO₃)₂. This colorless, crystalline salt is extremely hydrophilic. it's generally encountered as a hexahydrate Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O. it's soluble in each water and alcohol. Zn Nitrate may be a colorless or white, odorless, crystalline (sand- like) solid or flake. it's used as a catalyst and a mordant for dyes, and in liquid plant food.
Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways that within which the substances move with each other. They use their information to develop new and improved product and to check the standard of factory-made product.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
A chemist adds 435.0mL of a 2.28 M zinc nitrate ZnNO32 solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the flask. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
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Draw the electron pair geometry for sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4, . What the name of the molecular shape of sulfur tetrafluoride
Answer: The hybridization that is involved in SF4 is sp3d type. Here will learn and understand how to determine SF4 hybridization. We will discuss the steps in detail.
Name of the Molecule Sulphur Tetrafluoride
Molecular Formula = SF4
Hybridization Type = sp3d
Bond Angle = 102o and 173o
Geometry = see-saw
Explanation:
In order to determine the hybridization of sulphur tetrafluoride, you have to first understand its Lewis structure and the number of valence electrons that are present. The SF4 molecule consists of a total of 34 valence electrons. Here 6 will come from sulphur and each of the four fluorine atoms will have 7 electrons.
During the formation of SF4, the sulphur atom will form bonds with each of the fluorine atoms where 8 valence electrons are used. Meanwhile, the four fluorine atoms will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in their octet which will further utilize 24 valence electrons. In addition, two electrons will be kept as lone pairs in the sulphur atom. Now we can determine sulphur’s hybridization by taking a count of the number of regions of electron density.
When bonding takes place there is a formation of 4 single bonds in sulphur and it has 1 lone pair. Looking at this, we can say that the number of regions of electron density is 5.
EXTERNAL LINKS :
https://www.chemtube3d.com/vseprshapesf4/
https://geometryofmolecules.com/sf4-lewis-structure-polarity/
. n specifies fill in the blank 4 l specifies fill in the blank 5 ml specifies fill in the blank 6 ... a.the orbital orientation. b.the energy and average distance from the nucleus. c.the subshell - orbital shape.
n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus, l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape, ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.
n is known Principal quantum number
l is known Azimuthal quantum number
ml is known Magnetic quantum number
The energy and usual distance from the nucleus are described by the fundamental quantum number, or n.
The subshell and orbit's shape are described by the orbital quantum number, or l.
The orbit's direction is described by the magnetic quantum number, ml.
So, n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus.
l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape.
ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.
Thus, n specifies B., l specifies C., ml specifies A.
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help fast Which products are the result of a reaction between potassium fluoride, KF, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH?
KNa and FOH
KOH and NaF
Na and KFOH
K and FNaOH
Potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide react to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively. Option 2.
Chemical reactionPotassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide undergo a double decomposition reaction. They exchange radicals to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively according to the following equation:
[tex]KF + NaOH --- > KOH + NaF[/tex]
Potassium is able to displace sodium from sodium hydroxide because it is higher on the reactivity series of metals than sodium.
Thus, the product of the reaction of potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide are [tex]KOH[/tex] and [tex]NaF[/tex].
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the solubility of caf2 is measured to be 0.017 g/l. based on this information, what is ksp for caf2? the molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol.
The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.
CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)
At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.
The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.
given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L
we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2
S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L
[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L
now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2
= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2
= 4.14 x 10^ -11
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