What are the laws and calculations governing gas behavior?
Answer:
Laws governing gas behavior.
Explanation:
Boyle's law:
It relates the pressure and volume of an ideal gas at a constant temperature.
According to this law:
"The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure".
[tex]P \alpha V[/tex].
Charle's law:
It relates the volume and absolute temperature of an ideal gas at a constant pressure.
According to this law:
"The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature".
[tex]V \alpha T[/tex].
Avogadro's law:
According to this law:
equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain, an equal number of moles.
[tex]V \alpha n[/tex].
Ideal gas equation:
By combining all the above-stated gas laws, this equation is formed as shown below:
[tex]V \alpha \frac{nT}{P} \\=> V= R. nT/ P\\=>PV=nRT[/tex]
R is called universal gas constant.
It has a value of 0.0821L.atm.mol-1.K-1.
Answer:
Boyle's law, Charle's law, Guy Lussac's law and Avogadro's law
Explanation:
All the gases behaves similarly when the environment conditions are normal. But when the physical condition changes like when the pressure, volume or temperature changes, the gas behaves differently and shows a deviation.
The number of gas laws are :
Boyle's Law
Boyle's law states that when the temperature remaining constant, the pressure of the gas varies inversely to the volume of the gas.
i.e. [tex]P \propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]
Charle' law
Charle's law states that when pressure is constant, the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the volume.
i.e. , [tex]$T \propto V$[/tex]
Gay Lussac's law
Gay - Lussa law states the volume and the mass of the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
i.e. P.T = constant
Avogadro's law
It states that under the conditions of same pressure as well as temperatures, the gases having equal volumes will have same numbers of molecules.
i.e. [tex]\frac{V_1}{n_1}=\frac{V_2}{n_2}[/tex] = constant
someone answer please
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Acetylide ions react with aldehydes and ketones to give alcohol addition products.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a
Explanation:
1) 7.269 moles of oxygen gas are used in combusting butane (C H..). How many moles of carbon dioxide
gas are produced? You must start with a balanced chemical equation. Start with a balanced equation
Explanation:
C4H10 + 13/2O2 ---------> 4CO2 + 5H2O
so u can work out the amount of moles by doing
moles=mass/mr
mr of C4H10 is 12 × 4 + 10 =58
=7.269/58
= 0.125moles
Then u can use the molar ratio which is
6.5:4
0.125 ÷6.5 × 4 = 0.0769moles
hope this helps:)
The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -6535 kJ. ________ kJ of heat are released in the combustion of 16.0 g of C6H6 (l)?
2C6H6 (l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)
Answer:
the value of H° is below -6535 kj. +6H2O
Explanation:
6H2O answer solved
For the given reaction, 2 moles of C₆H₆ the heat energy released is - 6535 KJ. Then, for 16 g of the compound or 0.205 moles needs 669.83 KJ of heat released in combustion.
What is combustion ?Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, typically oxygen, resulting in the release of heat, light, and various combustion products, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.
The process of combustion involves a rapid and exothermic (heat-releasing) oxidation reaction that produces a flame, which is visible in many cases.
Here, 2 moles of the hydrocarbon releases - 6535 KJ of energy.
molar mass of C₆H₆ = 78 g/mol
then no.of moles in 16 g = 16 /78 = 0.205 moles.
then energy released by 0.205 moles = 0.205 moles × 6535 KJ /2 moles = 669.83 kJ
Therefore, the heat energy released by 16 g of the compound in combustion is 669.83 kJ.
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Define pure substance. How is it classified on the basid of chemical properties?
Answer:
if it is pure, the substances is either an element or a compound. if a substance is not chemically pure, it is either a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous mixture. if its composition is uniform throughout, it is a homogeneous.
5.96 g of ammonia reacts completely according to the following reaction:
2 NH, (g) + Co, (g) → CN,OH, (s) + H20 (1)
(a) What is the theoretical yield of urea (CN,OH,) for this reaction?
(b) If 13.74 g of urea are produced, what is the percent yield for this equation?
please show work, will give brainliest
Explanation:
this explanation may help u to understand:)
Kristy finds the mass of an object to be 20 grams and the volume to be 10 mL. What is the density of the object? (don't send me links, just give a straight answer)
The table shows the recipe and the available ingredients for making the maximum possible number of sandwiches.
Making Sandwiches
Recipe for One Sandwich:
2 cheese slices, 1 ham slice, 2 bread slices
Ingredients Available:
12 cheese slices, 10 ham slices, 12 bread slices
If the ingredients represent reactants of a chemical reaction, which of the following represents the leftover reactant?
A. 2 ham slices
B. 4 ham slices
C. 2 cheese slices
D. 4 cheese slices
Answer:
B. 4 ham slices
Explanation:
A chemical reaction involves one or more substances known as reactants combining chemically to give one or more substances known as products.
Reactants in chemical reactions combine in definite mole or mass ratios to give products. Therefore, when one substance is present in excess of what is required to combine with another to form products, that substance is known as the excess reagent. The other substance which is present in a smaller amount and which when used up, the reaction stops is known as the limiting reagent.
From the illustration of the sandwiches in the question, the recipe for one sandwich represents the chemical equation of a reaction. The equation form is given below:
2 cheese slices + 1 ham slice + 2 bread slices ---> 1 sandwich
The ratio of the reactant is 2 : 1 : 2
From the available ingredients, 12 cheese slices, 10 ham slices, 12 bread slices.
12 cheese slices will require 6 ham slices and 12 bread slices to produce 6 sandwiches.
However, since there are 10 ham slices, 4 ham slices will be left over unused. This is the excess or leftover reactant.
Answer:
B. 4 ham slices
Explanation:
Got it right on the test
Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
Answer:
D. the minerals they contain
Hope this answer is right!!
Which of the following explains the high boiling
point of water?
a Surface tension
b Polarity
C Capillary action
d Hydrogen bonding
Answer:
The correct answer is - d. hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:
Water has strong hydrogen bonds between its molecules that require a very high amount of energy in order to break. Water molecules are joined together or bound with a strong intermolecular force called hydrogen bonds.
These bonds require more kinetic energy which means more temperature or heat in order to break the bonds and turn into steam and this is the reason it has a high boiling point.
At a fixed volume, a four-fold increase in the temperature of a gas will lead to _______ in pressure.
Question 2 options:
A)
no change
B)
a two-fold decrease
C)
a four-fold decrease
D)
a four-fold increase
Answer:
D) a four-fold increase
Explanation:
According to Gay-Lussac's law, which states that the pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the temperature at a constant volume, the pressure increases with an increase in temperature.
According to this question, at a fixed volume, a four-fold increase in the temperature of a gas will lead to a four-fold increase in the pressure as well.
If we have 1.23 mol of NaOH in solution and 0.85 mol of Cl2 gas is available to react, which one is the limiting reactant? Give your reason.
Answer:
NaOH is the limiting reactant.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, since the reaction taking place between sodium hydroxide and chlorine has is:
[tex]NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O[/tex]
Which must be balanced according to the law of conservation of mass:
[tex]2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O[/tex]
Whereas there is a 2:1 mole ratio of NaOH to Cl2, which means that the moles of the former that are consumed by 0.85 moles of the latter are:
[tex]n_{NaOH}=0.85molCl_2*\frac{2molNaOH}{1molCl_2}\\\\n_{ NaOH}=1.7molNaOH[/tex]
Therefore, since we just have 1.23 moles out of 1.70 moles of NaOH, we infer this is the limiting reactant.
Regards!
Having enough folic acid in your system by the early weeks of pregnancy is critical to prevent spina bifida.
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Yes, enough folic acid in the body by the early weeks of pregnancy helps to prevent spina bifida. The body of woman uses folate during the pregnancy which produces red and white blood cells that help your baby to grow. Folate also lowers the risk of neural tube defect (NTD) in the unborn baby. Neural tube defect (NTDs) are the serious birth defects that greatly affect the spinal cord, brain and skull of the baby.
a) If we have a 4.5 L container of CH 10 gas at a temperature of 178 K and a pressure of 0.50 atm, then how many moles of CaHio do
we have?
b) How many grams of C4H1o do we have?
Answer:
a) 0.15 mol.
b) 8.95 g.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it is possible for us to infer this problem is solved by using the ideal gas equation:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
And proceed as follows:
a) Here, we solve for the moles, n, as follows:
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT} \\\\n=\frac{0.50atm*4.5L}{0.08206\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*178K} \\\\n=0.15mol[/tex]
b) for the calculation of the mass, we recall the molar mass of butane, 58.12 g/mol, to obtain:
[tex]0.15mol*\frac{58.12g}{1mol} =8.95g[/tex]
Regards!
This reaction was at equilibrium when 0.2 atm of iodine gas was pumped into the container, what happened to the equilibrium and the partial pressures of the gases
Answer:
Q was < K. Partial pressure of hydrogen decreased, iodine increased
Explanation:
After iodine was added the Q was [Select] K so the reaction shifted toward the Products [Select] ,The partial pressure of hydrogen [Select], Iodine [Select] |,and hydrogen iodide Decreased
Based on the equilibrium:
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇄ 2HI(g)
K of equilibrium is:
K = [HI]² / [H2] [I2]
Where [] are concentrations at equilibrium
And Q is:
Q = [HI]² / [H2] [I2]
Where [] are actual concentrations of the reactants.
When the reaction is in equilibrium, K=Q.
But as [I2] is increased, Q decreases and Q was < K
The only concentration that increases is [I2], doing partial pressure of hydrogen decreased, iodine increased
The information below describes a redox reaction.
Ag+ (aq) + Al(s) — Ag(s) + Al3+ (aq)
Ag+ (aq) + -> Ag(s)
Al(s)->A3+ (aq) + 3e-
What is the coefficient of silver in the final, balanced equation for this reaction?
Answer:
Al°(s) + 3Ag⁺(aq) => Al⁺³(aq) + 3Ag(s)
Explanation:
Oxidation: Al°(s) => Al⁺³(aq) + 3e⁻
Reduction: 3Ag⁺(aq) + 3e⁻ => 3Ag°(s)
_________________________________________
Net Rxn: Al°(s) + 3Ag⁺(aq) => Al⁺³(aq) + 3Ag(s)
One mole of neutral aluminum atoms (Al°(s)) undergo oxidation delivering 3 moles of electrons to 3 moles silver ions (3Ag⁺³(aq)) that are reduced to 3 moles of neutral silver atoms (3Ag°(s)) in basic standard state 25°C; 1atm.
A balanced equation obeys the law of conservation of mass. According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. The coefficient of silver is 3.
What is a balanced equation?A balanced chemical equation can be defined as the chemical equation in which the number of reactants and products on both sides of the equation are equal. The amount of reactants and products on both sides of the equation will be equal in a balanced chemical equation.
The numbers which are used to balance the chemical equation are called the coefficients. The coefficients are the numbers which are added in front of the formula.
The balanced chemical equation for the given redox reaction is given as:
Al (s) + 3 Ag⁺ (aq) → Al³⁺ (aq) + 3Ag (s)
Thus the coefficient of silver is 3.
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Describe the three freezing points. Is there a relationship between the amount of solute in the solution and the freezing temperature
Answer:
The three freezing points will all be slightly different. It is given that a water solution has a freezing point of zero degrees Celsius, so water would have a freezing temperature below that. Salt will lower the freezing point, the more that is added.
Explanation:
20ml of water is mixed with 40gm of fine powder. Calculate the concentration of the solution obtained.
Answer:
[tex]\%m=66.7\%[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the concentration of the solution obtained, by knowing 20 mL of water are the same to 20 g and therefore the mass of the solution is 40g+20g=60g.
Next, we apply the following equation to obtain the required concentration:
[tex]\%m=\frac{40g}{60g} *100\%\\\\\%m=66.7\%[/tex]
Regards!
Refer to your completed Table 1d of the recitation guide of ionic compound naming rules to determine whether this statement is true or false. A Roman numeral in a compound name tells you how many of that ion appear in the formula. Select one: True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Roman numerals are seen in the names of several compounds. They often appear immediately after the name of central atom in the molecule.
These Roman numerals are used to depict the oxidation state of the central atom in the molecule and not to show how many of that ion appear in the formula.
For instance, in carbon IV oxide, the Roman numeral IV shows that the central atom in the compound-carbon is in the +4 oxidation state.
Calculate the amount of heat required to completely sublime 55.0 g of solid dry ice CO2 at its sublimation temperature. The heat of sublimation for carbon dioxide is 32.3 kj mol
Answer:
40.4 kJ
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Mass of CO₂ (m): 55.0 gHeat of sublimation of CO₂ (ΔH°sub): 32.3 kJ/molStep 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 55.0 g of CO₂
The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol.
n = 55.0 g × 1 mol/44.01 g = 1.25 mol
Step 3: Calculate the heat (Q) required to sublimate 1.25 moles of CO₂
We will use the following expression.
Q = n × ΔH°sub
Q = 1.25 mol × 32.3 kJ/mol = 40.4 kJ
Identify each of the following as endothermic or exothermic.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
b. Methane gas burns on a stove top.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
Answer:
Identify each of the following as endothermic or exothermic.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction is the one in which heat energy is released.
An endothermic reaction is one in which heat energy is absorbed.
a. Water in a pond evaporates.
This process absorbs heat energy.
Hence, this is an example of an endothermic process.
b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop and release heat energy and hence this is an example of an exothermic reaction.
c. Water freezes to form ice.
In this process heat energy is released.So this is an example of exothermic reaction.
d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.
That means heat energy is released into the surroundings.
So, this is an example of exothermic process.
e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.
That means energy is absorbed by the system.
So, it is an endothermic process.
In the reaction below, what is the limiting reactant when 1.24 moles NH3 of reacts with 1.79 moles of NO?
4NH_3 + 6NO (right arrow) 5N_2 + 6H_2O
1. NO
2. H_2O
3. NH_3
4. N_2
Answer:
Option 1. NO
Explanation:
The balanced equation for the reaction is given below below:
4NH₃ + 6NO —> 5N₂ + 6H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
4 moles of NH₃ reacted with 6 moles of NO.
Finally, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
4 moles of NH₃ reacted with 6 moles of NO.
Therefore, 1.24 moles of NH₃ will react with = (1.24 × 6)/4 = 1.86 moles of NO
From the calculation made above, we can see that a higher amount of NO (i.e 1.86 moles) than what was given (i.e 1.79 moles) is needed to react completely with 1.24 moles of NH₃.
Therefore, NO is the limiting reactant and NH₃ is the excess reactant.
Thus, the 1st option gives the correct answer to the question
Answer:
1. NO .
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to identify the limiting reactant by simply calculating the moles of any product, say N2, via the moles of each reactant and including the corresponding mole ratio (4:5 and 6:5):
[tex]1.24molNH_3*\frac{5molN_2}{4molNH_3}=1.55molN_2 \\\\1.79molNO*\frac{5molN_2}{6molNO}=1.50molN_2[/tex]
Thus, since NO yields the fewest moles of N2 product, we infer it is the limiting reactant.
Regards!
Describe the buffer capacity of the acetic acid buffer solution in relation to the addition of both concentrated and dilute acids and bases. Reference the results in Data Tables 1,2,3, and 4 in your answer.
Answer:
The more concentrated acetic acid buffer has a better buffer capacity because requires more moles of acid or base to change the pH than a more diluted acetic acid buffer.
Explanation:
Buffer capacity is defined as the moles of an acid or base that are needed to change the pH of a buffer in 1 unit.
A more concentrated solution of acetic buffer contains more moles of the acid per liter of solution. A solution that contains more moles of the acetic ion or the acetic acid requires more moles of base or acid to change the pH, that means:
The more concentrated acetic acid buffer has a better buffer capacity because requires more moles of acid or base to change the pH than a more diluted acetic acid buffer.
True or false? All producers are at the top of the food web
Answer:
false all producers are at the top of food web
It took 2.30 minutes using a current of 3.00 A to plate out all the copper from 0.300 L of a solution containing Cu2 . What was the original concentration of Cu2
Answer:
7.16 × 10⁻³ M
Explanation:
Let's consider the reduction reaction of copper during the electroplating.
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 e⁻ ⇒ Cu(s)
We can calculate the moles of Cu²⁺ present in the solution using the following relations.
1 A = 1 C/s.1 min = 60 s.1 mole of electrons has a charge of 96486 C (Faraday's constant).1 mole of Cu²⁺ is reduced when 2 moles of electrons are gained.The moles of Cu²⁺ reduced are:
[tex]2.30 min \times \frac{60s}{1min} \times \frac{3.00C}{s} \times \frac{1mole^{-} }{96486C} \times \frac{1molCu^{2+} }{2mole^{-} } = 2.15 \times 10^{-3} molCu^{2+}[/tex]
[tex]2.15 \times 10^{-3} moles[/tex] of Cu²⁺ are in 0.300 L of solution.
[Cu²⁺] = 2.15 × 10⁻³ mol/0.300 L = 7.16 × 10⁻³ M
how old was the oldest animal fossil
help thx
Answer:
the Rhyniognatha hirsti
Explanation:
at age 400 million years old
If 4.00 moles of O2 occupies a volume of 5.0 L at a particular temperature and pressure, what volume will 3.00 moles of oxygen gas occupy under the same condition?
Answer: Volume occupied by 3.00 moles of oxygen gas under the same condition is 3.75 L.
Explanation:
Given: [tex]n_{1}[/tex] = 4.00 moles, [tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 5.0 L
[tex]n_{2}[/tex] = 3.00 moles, [tex]V_{2}[/tex] = ?
Formula used is as follows.
[tex]\frac{V_{1}}{n_{1}} = \frac{V_{2}}{n_{2}}[/tex]
Substitute the values into above formula as follows.
[tex]\frac{V_{1}}{n_{1}} = \frac{V_{2}}{n_{2}}\\\frac{5.0 L}{4.00 mol} = \frac{V_{2}}{3.00 mol}\\V_{2} = 3.75 L[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that volume occupied by 3.00 moles of oxygen gas under the same condition is 3.75 L.
Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas in a combination reaction that forms a product that coat the metal preventing it from further oxidation. Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the reaction?
a. Al(s) + 302(g) → 2903(s).
b. 2Al(s) + O2(g) → 2A10(s).
c. AI(s) + O2(g) → AIO (s).
d. 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) →2Al2O3.
e. 3Al(s) + O2 → Al3O2.
Answer:
d. 4 Al(s) + 3 O₂(g) → 2 Al₂O₃(s)
Explanation:
Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas in a combination reaction that forms a product that coats the metal preventing it from further oxidation: aluminum oxide. Aluminum is a cation with charge 3+ (Al³⁻) and oxide is an anion with charge 2- (O²⁻). Thus, the neutral compound aluminum oxide has the chemical formula Al₂O₃. The unbalanced chemical equation is:
Al(s) + O₂(g) → Al₂O₃(s)
We can balance using the trial and error method. First, we will balance O atoms by multiplying Al₂O₃ by 2 and O₂ by 3.
Al(s) + 3 O₂(g) → 2 Al₂O₃(s)
Finally, we get the balanced equation by multiplying Al by 4.
4 Al(s) + 3 O₂(g) → 2 Al₂O₃(s)
38. Consider the following equilibrium:
2CO(g) + O2(g) =2CO2
Keg=4.0 x 10-10
What is the value of Key for 2CO2(g) + 2COR + O2g) ?
Answer:
[tex]Key=2.5x10^{-9}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the equilibrium constant value for the reverse reaction:
[tex]2CO_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2CO(g) + O_2(g)[/tex]
By knowing that the equilibrium expression is actually:
[tex]Key =\frac{[CO]^2[O_2]}{[CO_2]^2} =\frac{1}{Keg}[/tex]
Thus, we plug in and solve for the inverse of Keq to obtain Key as follows:
[tex]Key =\frac{1}{4.0x10^{-10}}\\\\Key=2.5x10^{-9}[/tex]
Regards!
