Answer: Touch.
Explanation:
Cilia are short, mobile prolongations which contain a central structure made up of microtubules and proteins, enveloped by the cytosol and the plasma membrane. They are involved in cell movement, transport of materials, displacement of fluids, among others. Cilia are important for many biological processes, such as the senses of taste, hearing, smell, sight and balance.
For example, each taste bud of the tongue is made up of a set of cells, among which are the taste cells that have cilia that come into contact with the substances dissolved in the mouth by saliva. As for the sense of hearing, when there is a sound, the endolymph in the cochlea moves and this stimulates the cilia of the internal sensitive cells, which communicate with the acoustic nerve that informs the brain of what the sound is like. In the sense of smell, the receptors are the olfactory cilia of the olfactory neurons, which are located in the mucosa of the upper portion of the nostril, above the level of the superior concha. In the sense of vision, cones and rods are the two types of photoreceptor cells that capture light energy and convert it into electrical signals. They are highly specialized cells and can be differentiated into several regions: an outer segment, an inner segment containing the nucleus and a synaptic terminal. The outer segments are modified cilia and consist of flattened membranous sacs or disks. As for the balance system, the vestibular system consists of the utricle and the saccule, which are chamber-shaped organs filled with endolymph. The maculae of the saccule are located in a vertical plane and effectively capture the accelerations of the upward and downward movements of the head, and therefore of the gravitational forces. The hair cells of the maculae are responsible for transforming the mechanical energy produced by movement into nerve signals. The activity of these cells is determined by their morphofunctional polarization or ciliary organization, which is different in the utricle and in the saccule.
Thus, the only sense that does not depend on cilia to transmit stimuli is touch. The skin contains nerve endings, as well as glands, blood vessels and hair follicles. These nerve endings detect pain, touch, pressure and temperature.
The body regulates the amount of hormones are released by using feedback loops. A __ feedback loop increases the response whereas a __ feedback loop decreases the response.
Positive feedback loop increases the response whereas a negative feedback loop decreases the response.
What is positive feedback?Positive feedback is the amplification of a body's response to a stimulus. For example, in childbirth, when the head of the fetus pushes up against the cervix (1) it stimulates a nerve impulse from the cervix to the brain (2).
A feedback mechanism resulting in the inhibition or the slowing down of a process.
Examples of processes that utilise negative feedback loops include homeostatic systems, such as thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels), blood sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ,glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low).
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The nitrogen cycle is the using and reusing of nitrogen in an ecosystem. True or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Nitrogen is a fundamental component of both inorganic and organic compounds, where it is the main constituent of biomolecules such as nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins. The nitrogen cycle refers to the biogeochemical processes by which nitrogen circulates between the components of an ecosystem, i.e., between organisms (like plants and decomposers), and non-living things (i.e., soil, water, air). This cycle consists of several processes which include, among others, nitrogen fixation (i.e., the process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia), nitrification (i.e., the oxidation of ammonia is oxidized into nitrite and subsequent transformation of nitrites into nitrates), denitrification (where nitrate is reduced), anaerobic ammonia oxidation and putrefaction.
i need help in biology questions please G10?
Answer:
ok where is it
we can help only if there is something attached
DNA is a nucleic acid involved in heredity, or the passing down of genetic traits from one generation to the next. DNA consists of four different types of nucleotide monomers.Which part of the nucleotides' structure is responsible for the incredible variation that exists amongst all types of organisms
Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).
The specific arrangement of these four bases within the DNA of each organism gives that organism its unique traits; here are the arrangements:
-Adenine is paired with Thymine (think of A for apple and T for tree)
-Cytosine is paired with Guanine (think of C for car and G for garage)
search "DNA base pairs" and go to images for better understanding
The part of the nucleotides' structure is responsible for the incredible variation that exists among all types of organisms are Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).
Who is responsible for passing down of genetic traits from one generation to the next?DNA is a nucleic acid involved in heredity, or the passing down of genetic traits from one generation to the next. DNA consists of four different types of nucleotide monomers.
The specific arrangement of these four bases within the DNA of each organism gives that organism its unique traits and here are the arrangements are mentioned below:
Adenine is paired with Thymine (think of A for apple and T for tree)Cytosine is paired with Guanine (think of C for car and G for garage)Therefore, The part of the nucleotides' structure is responsible for the incredible variation that exists among all types of organisms are Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).
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QUESTION 11 1. Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 85 individuals and H5/H5=24 individuals. Using the allele's frequencies experimentally derived, calculate the frequency of the H4/H5 genotype that would be expected if the class were a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 1. 0.28 2. 0.51 3. 0.19 4. 0.72 5. 0.14 6. 0.24 7. 0.41 QUESTION 12 1. Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 85 individuals and H5/H5=24 individuals. Using the genotype frequencies derived assuming that the class were a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, calculate the number of H4/H4 individuals that would be expected in the class (rounded numbers). 1. 19 2. 57 3. 72 4. 147 5. 171 6. 120 7. 96 QUESTION 13 1. Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 85 individuals and H5/H5=24 individuals. Considering the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and comparing the observed and the expected number of individuals for the three genotypes, calculate the value of the Chi-square statistic 1. 2.69 2. 0.05 3. 28.67 4. 14.59 5. 0.50 6. 22.31 7. 3.84 QUESTION 14 1. Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 85 individuals and H5/H5=24 individuals. Considering the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, which is the (correct) null hypothesis tested by Chi-square? 1. The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 2. The whole class represents a population that may not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 3. The whole class represents a population that is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. The whole class represents a population that may be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium QUESTION 15 1. Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 85 individuals and H5/H5=24 individuals. Considering the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and calculating the Chi-square statistic, do you reject or fail to reject the null-hypothesis? 1. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis. 2. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom, I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I fail to reject the null hypothesis. 3. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P<0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis. 4. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P<0.05. Hence, I fail to reject the null hypothesis.
According to Hardy-Weinberg, when a population is in equilibrium, it will have the same allelic frequencies generation after generation, meaning that they are stable, they are not evolving.
When any evolutive force is acting on the population, this equilibrium breacks, and allelic and genotypic frequencies change through generations, differing from the expected ones.
A) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 0.41
B) Option 6 is the correct answer ⇒ 120
C) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 3.84
D) Option 1 is the correct answer ⇒ The class represents a population that is in H-W equilibrium
E) Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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Allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the
allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us dominant), 2pq (H3ter0zygous), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same
allelic frequencies generation after generation.
The sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency,
q the recessive allelic frequency,
p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency
q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency
2pq the h3ter0zyg0us genotypic frequency
Situation: Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals;
H4/H5 = 85 individuals;
H5/H5=24 individuals.
⇒ Total number of individuals= 125 + 85 + 24 = 234
⇒ Genotypic frequencies, F(xx):
F(H4/H4) = 125/234 =0.534
F(H4/H5) = 85/234 = 0.363
F(H5/H5) = 24/234 = 0.102
⇒ Allelic frequencies, f(x):
f(H4) = p = F(H4/H4) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.534 + 0.363/2 = 0.534 + 0.182 = 0.716
f(H5) = q = F(H5/H5) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.102 + 0.363/2 = 0.102 + 0.182 = 0.284
Questions:
A) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that 2pq is the h3ter0zygous genotypic frequency. So,
F(H4/H5) = 2pq = 2 x 0.716 x 0.284 = 0.408 ≅ 0.41 ⇒ Option 7 is the correct answer.
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B) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that p² is the h0m0zyg0us genotypic frequency. So,
p = 0.716
p² = 0.5126 ≅ 0.513 ⇒ This is the genotypic frequency.
To calculate the number of individuals carrying this genotype, we need to multiply it by the total number of
individuals.
H4/H4 individuals = p² x total number of individuals = 0.513 x 234 = 120
Option 6 is the correct answer.
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C) Up to here we know that 2pq = 0.41 and p² = 0.513
Now we need to calculate q ²
q = 0.284, then q² = 0.284² = 0.08
These are the expected frequencies if the population was in H-W equilibrium.
The expected number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 0.513 x 234 = 120 individuals
H4/H5 = 0.41 x 234 = 96 individuals
H5/H5= 0.08 x 234 = 18 individuals
The observed number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals
H4/H5 = 85 individuals
H5/H5=24 individuals
X² = ∑ (Observed - Expected)²/Expected)
X² = ((125-120)²/120) + ((85 - 96)²/96) + ((24-18)²/18)
X² = 0.21 + 1.26 + 2 =
X² = 3.47
The clossest option is option 7 = 3.84. The difference might be related to decimals and rounding.
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D) The correct answer is 1 ⇒ The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
The null hypothesis always predict that populations are in H-W equilibrium.
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E)
X² = 3.47
Freedom degrees = n - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2
Table p value: 7.82
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/Critical value = 5.991
5.991 > 0.347
Meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is statistically significant. Not probably to have differe by random chances. There is enough evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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Describe the disadvantages of an open circulatory system relative to a closed circulatory system.
Explanation:
The disadvantage of a closed circulatory system is that with the blood always contained in vessels, it's under higher pressure. This means it can flow faster, which is necessary for supporting the metabolic rate of more complex animals such as vertebrates. Open circulatory systems are low-pressure systems that cannot meet the needs of a fast metabolism.
Organisrns that transfer diseases to hurnans are
O hosts
O pathogens
O parasites
O vectors
Our body needs both vitamin and mineral in a small quantity ,still they are important why?
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.
In a hydrogen ion pump, the energy is used to join small molecules together
to
make larger ones. Which factor most likely has the greatest effect on the
number of molecules mitochondria can produce?
Answer: The number of H+ ions moving down the channel
Explanation:
The most basic organization level of life is a ____________. A. membrane B. tissue C. cell D. organ
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The answer is...
C. Cell.
Hopefully, this helps you!!
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What about the structure of DNA allows it to copy itself?
A. It is held together mostly by hydrogen bonds, which are easy to open for replication
B. It has enzymes built into the helix that make a copy when needed.
C. It is double stranded, so each side serves as a template for a new strand.
D. DNA is not copied, it is only passed down through each generation.
Answer:
C. It is double stranded, so each side serves as a template for a new strand
Explanation:
The structure of DNA is double stranded, so each side serves as a template for a new strand. The correct option is C.
What is DNA replication?Replication is the procedure by which the DNA of the genetic code is copied in cells.
Before dividing, a cell must duplicate (or replicate) its a whole genome so that each eventually results daughter cell has its own entire genome.
The DNA replicates itself multiple times during the process of replication. It is a biological polymerization that goes through the steps of commencement, elongation, and termination.
The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes. The main enzyme in the process of replication is DNA Polymerase.
DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic cells' interphase nuclei. At the S-stage (synthesizing) of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs prior to mitosis.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Environmental scientists cite several challenges to protecting endangered species. Which of the following is NOT a difficulty faced by those working to protect an endangered species? Scientists who are focused on a single species may not recognize another species in peril. Extinction is natural in nature and its rate of occurrence has remained steady. Protection efforts may be slowed because of difficulty enforcing new regulations. Fundraising can be more difficult if the species is not perceived as valuable.
Answer:
Extinction is natural in nature and its rate of occurrence has remained steady.
Explanation:
As of right now we are going through what is known as the sixt extinction, and human acticity is one of the Main causes. (which has never happened before our time) Species are going extinct at a rapid rate, and considering how all life is connected it makes it easy to understand why the extinction rates can increase due to a biotic factor (niche) being "removed". (:
How does pollution affect biodiversity
Answer:
All forms of pollution pose a serious threat to biodiversity, but in particular nutrient loading, primarily of nitrogen and phosphorus, which is a major and increasing cause of biodiversity loss and ecosystem dysfunction. ... In addition, nitrogen compounds can lead to eutrophication of ecosystems.
how much water was retained by soil C
Answer:
we dont know sorry but i dont know
State whether the following statements are true or False. Hormones in plants travel by the vascular bundle.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In plants, hormones travel large throughout the body via the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and cell-to-cell via plasmodesmata. In contrast, many animal hormones are produced only in specific glands. Plants do not have specialized hormone-producing glands.
Ammonia produced in the intestines from the breakdown of proteins by bacterial enzymes is the primary source of plasma ammonia
Select one:
1.True
2.False
What else is produced during the replacement reaction of silver nitrate and potassium sulfate?
2AgNO3 + K2SO4 Ag2SO4 + ________
KNO3
2KNO3
K2
2AgNO3
Answer:
2KNO3
Explanation:
Pls mark it brainliest
hope it helps u
Answer:
The answer is B.) 2KNO3
Explanation:
You are studying an enzyme that is inactivated by phosphorylation and create a mutant in which the threonine that is normally phosphorylated is replaced with glutamate. Predict the impact of this change on the activity of this enzyme. Group of answer choices
Answer:
always active
Explanation:
Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that consists of the addition of phosphate groups to specific amino acids on the protein. Phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for proteins that are phosphorylated (i.e., in some situations phosphorylation acts to activate protein function, whereas in other situations phosphorylation can inactivate protein function). Phosphorylation modifies the three-dimensional structure of the protein, thereby affecting, for example, the accessibility of the active site of a phosphorylated enzyme to its substrate. Phosphorylation can occur only at the side chains of three amino acids: Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine. In this case, the enzyme is inactivated by phosphorylation on the Threonine residue, so it is expected that the mutant enzyme cannot be phosphorylated, remaining in an active state.
Digestion is primarily controlled by the _____.
what challenges do scientists face when classifying a new fossil?
Answer:
You have to clean the fossils and figure out how old they are and what kind of fossils they are.
Explanation:
Answer:
They are often broken and not complete
Explanation:
Due to aging they are often broken and not complete which could make it difficult if you do not have the entire thing. It's also difficult because there are slight differences between organisms.
H. pylori cannot grow in other microenvironments of the human body because the conditions are unsuitable for its growth, but other species require different conditions.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
it should be an true statement
Which of the following is an example of an enzymatic cycle?
Answer:
Catabolism
Explanation:
The process of catabolism degrades the bacterial and fungal enzymes into simple inorganic molecules.
A substance, without being a reactant, which speeds up a chemical process is referred to as a catalyst. Enzymes are known as catalysts for biological reactions in living organisms. Although ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules behave as enzymes, they are usual proteins. Enzymes.
Enzymes carry out the essential role of reducing the activated energy of a reaction — that is, the amount of energy needed to start the process. Enzymes work by attaching and retaining reactant molecules so that the chemical bonding and bonding activities are carried out more easily.
Carnivore that feeds on primary consumers
Question 3 Multiple Choice Worth 3 points
(01.01 LC)
Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?
g In order to stimulate the renin-angtiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), _______________ cells in the kidney detect _______________blood pressure which causes ________________ to be released from the juxtaglomerular cells.
Answer:
Macula densa cells, lower and renin.
Explanation:
Macula densa cells in the kidney detect lowers blood pressure which causes renin to be released from the juxtaglomerular cells which is an enzyme. The arterial cells observe the drop in blood pressure, and the decrease in Na concentration is transfer to them by the macula densa cells. The juxtaglomerular cells then release an enzyme called renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen which is a peptide, or amino acid derivative into angiotensin-1.
hey ,What is biological community answer it .Good night
Answer:
Community, also called biological community, in biology, an interacting group of various species in a common location. For example, a forest of trees and undergrowth plants, inhabited by animals and rooted in soil containing bacteria and fungi, constitutes a biological community.
Explanation:
hope this helps you pls mark as brainliest
Answer:
It's a group of various species in a common place.
For example: a forest of trees and undergrowth plants, lived in by animals and rooted in soil including bacteria and fungi, would make a biological community.
I hope this Helped!
Human being get energy from
Which of the following is true about oncogenes
Answer:
genes involved in the cell cycle following a mutation become oncogenes.
One Reason Why The Temperature needs To Be Kept Constant
Answer:
the latent heat as the heat supplied to increase the temperature of the substance is used up to transform the state of matter of the substance
Explanation:
It is due to the latent heat as the heat supplied to increase the temperature of the substance is used up to transform the state of matter of the substance hence the temperature stays constant. Hence the temperature remains constant as all the heat is used up and no external heat is released or absorbed
functions of insulin
Answer:
Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.
Explanation:
What test is used to ensure that the results you expect are the same as the results you are observing?
A. Epistatic test
B. Chi-squared test
C. Observational confirmation test
D. Punnett square test
Reset Selection
Answer:
b. Chi Squared
Explanation:
The chi squared test is best to find signifigance between differences in observed and expected values.
