Mendel concluded that the alternative forms of each trait are coded by discrete factors, which were called alleles that combine in pairs to express the trait. Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending."
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After making many crosses that involved different traits -such as plant height, or flower colors-, Mendel observed that, per trait, the F1 only expressed one of the alternative forms, while de other one disappeared.
Mendel named dominant the expressed variant.
Mendel then let these new plants auto pollinate and observed the results in the second generation, F2.
He saw that the variants that had previously disappeared among the F1, reappeared again. Both alternatives for each trait were present in the F2.
Mendel named recessive the second alternative variant.
Mendel explained his results by arguing that discrete factors were responsible for these phenotypes.
These factors should have been present in the F1 in pairs. One of them came from one parental plant, and the other factor came from the other plant. These factors separated again during sex cells formation, producing two types of gametes, each with only one factor.Mendel conclusion about his experiments was that per trait -flower color of plant length-, each plant had a pair of factors -which he named alleles-, and that each factor coded for one of the alternative forms of the traits -white or purple, tall or short-.
He thought that alleles separate -segregate- during the process of gamete formation.
The First Mendel's Law is the first conclusion he took about his experiments and is known as the segregation principle.
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objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the
Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the lens.
What is eye lens?The lens basically directs light rays onto the retina. The lens is clear and replaceable if necessary. As we age, our lenses deteriorate, necessitating the use of reading glasses.
The lens is normally clear and is located behind the iris. The pupil directs light to the lens.
Small muscles attached to the lens can cause the lens to change shape, allowing the eyes to focus on objects that are close or far away.
Light bends (refracts) and focuses on the retina at the back of the eye as it passes through the lens.
The lens's thickness and curvature can be adjusted to focus on objects at various distances and ensure that the image is as clear as possible (this process is known as accommodation).
Thus, eye lens helps to focus the object.
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what modern day scientist use to learn the Ordovician Period
Rocks from the Ordovician Period contain evidence that plants began colonizing dry land at this time. Most experts agree that the ancestors of land plants first evolved in a marine environment, then moved into a freshwater environment and finally onto land.
Ordovician Period, in geologic time, the second period of the Paleozoic Era. It began 485.4 million years ago, following the Cambrian Period, and ended 443.8 million years ago, when the Silurian Period began. Ordovician rocks have the distinction of occurring at the highest elevation on Earth—the top of Mount Everest.
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