Which of the following describes a major limitation of cross-sectional research? Multiple Choice In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores, the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to the 45-year-olds having taken the same test at several points in time. In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores, the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to differences in their life experiences. In a cross-sectional study, the participants may move or die before the study has been completed. In a cross-sectional study, the researchers incur significant expenditure of time as he or she waits for the participants to get older.

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Answer 1

Answer:

In a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores, the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to differences in their life experiences

Explanation:

A cross sectional research is a research that studies a population at a specific point in time. e.g. what is the effect of smoking on the health of males between the ages of 18 - 45 years in 2020

Answer 2

A major limitation of a cross sectional research is that in a cross-sectional study that compares IQ scores, the difference in IQ scores of 25-year-olds and 45-year-olds is due to differences in their life experiences.

The limitation of a cross sectional study is the fact that it only gives information at a particular or short period of time.

In a cross sectional study, data about the population is viewed only at a particular point in time. The outcome and the exposures in the study are viewed at the same point in time in the study.

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Related Questions

In the 1960s, the children of many middle- and upper-class families, trying to come to terms with the disparity between the ideologies expressed by their parents (e.g., the importance of peace, equality, and individual freedom) and the reality of war, poverty, and individual constraints, tried to establish a more satisfying way of life. Many ran away from home to live in communes where they tried to abolish individual property and fulfill ideals of universal love. This is an example of

Answers

Answer:

revitalization

Explanation:

revitalization consists bringing about better life and improvement and growth to individuals in society. Revitalization may have to do with development of the economy through a community-oriented approach such as the actions of children of rich people in the 1960s to alleviate poverty and bring about equality

Why does it typically cost more money to win a seat on the Texas Supreme Court than a seat on the Texas court of criminal appeals? The Texas legislature has placed a strict cap on the spending for criminal appeals court election campaigns. There are few interest groups that contribute money to the criminal appeals court candidates’ campaigns, which keeps down the costs of the election. Judges running for the criminal appeals court do not have to be elected in a statewide election. Fewer people are interested in the court of criminal appeals.

Answers

Answer:

There are few interest groups that contribute money to the criminal appeals court candidates' campaigns, which keeps down the costs of the election.

Explanation:

This is because the candidates vying for a seat on the Texas Supreme Court don’t receive any aid or financial support during their campaigns .

The candidates vying for a seat on the Texas court of criminal appeals usually receives financial support from few interest groups that contribute money to the criminal appeals court candidates' campaigns which keeps down the costs of the election.

Capitalism gets its name from the fact that capital resources:_________ a. are mostly treated as private property. b. owned by the state or government. c. given the highest priority in the economy's income distribution. d. in the form of money and financial resources.

Answers

Answer:

Treated as private property

Explanation:

Bowlby argued that infants perform behaviors which increase the probability that adults will care for them. This idea was based on the principle that ducklings will also increase the probability that they will survive if they perform certain behaviors. What was the specific behavior that we discussed in class that ducklings perform which may increase their probability of survival

Answers

Answer: Imprinting

Explanation: The concept of imprinting refers to a biological or psychological concept whereby infant or newly born animals develop a natural sense of survival attained through an automated phase of character development by bonding with the species required to ensure their survival after birth. This phase of development seems really automated as newly born infants develop a very strong sense of attachment to their mothers who in the real sense are the ones required to provide them with the food, sheltwr and other requirements needed for survival. This is also the case with baby ducklings who tend to form a strong natural sense of attachment to their mothers upon delivery following her in other to provide cover, shelter and learn a out their identity.

hi :) I need help with source e ! I don’t really understand what it means (and the purpose of it too)

Answers

Answer:

What means the text: employment differences between graduates from Singapore and foreign students.

The purpose: The foreign students are more welcome on labour market so the Singapore students have real difficulties to find a job.

When Mr. Bergman's wife died, his family members and friends dressed in black, attended a funeral, and participated in a burial service. Mr. Bergman covered all the mirrors in his house with black cloths. This set of culturally specified expressions of thoughts and feelings is __________.

Answers

Answer:

Mourning

Explanation:

Mourning is a term that describes an expression of sadness or a period of grieving that comes after the death of someone one cared for, or other crucial loss.

In other words, Mourning is a process which involves individuals taking the grief on the inside or internally and express it outside or externally.

Hence, in this case, this set of culturally specified expressions of thoughts and feelings is MOURNING.

Will is 10 years old and preparing for a spelling contest. He is starting to memorize the spelling of the word antidisestablishmentarianism. He realizes that he can group the letters into anti, dis, establish, and so forth. This process is called ____.Will is 10 years old and preparing for a spelling contest. He is starting to memorize the spelling of the word antidisestablishmentarianism. He realizes that he can group the letters into anti, dis, establish, and so forth. This process is called ____.

Answers

Answer: memorizing in an easier way or mnemonics

Explanation:It is a way of helping you remember something,it is the only word in the dictionary that starts with "MN",the 'm' being silent

Give short answer to the following questions: 5 marks
What is population change? Describe it with a flow model.​

Answers

Answer:

population change is the increase of population in

Audrey is suffering from depression that was triggered by a breakup with her boyfriend. She tells her therapist that no man will ever love her. Her therapist challenges the validity of her belief by stating that just because one person broke up with her doesn't mean that all of her relationships will fail. The therapist then has Audrey make a list of all the guys she knows who would probably go out with her on a date. To her surprise, Audrey is able to name a handful and realizes that her belief that no one will love her probably is distorted by the emotional pain from her breakup. Audrey's therapist is using:

Answers

Answer:

cognitive restructuring

Explanation:

Based on the scenario that is being described it seems that Audrey's therapist is using cognitive restructuring. This is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions. There are many such distortions like all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, over-generalization, magnification, and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated. In this case, Audrey's belief is a form of over-generalization since she believes that since one man can't love her no person can.

Answer:

audrey needs to suck it up and find a better man that she deserves

Explanation:

Nancy, aged 70, has a vacant plot adjacent to her house that she intends to bequeath to her grandson Roy upon her death. However, an important railroad project is being undertaken nearby and the local authorities have informed Nancy that the new railroad will cover her vacant lot. They have also promised her fair compensation in return. Can the government take her property?

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Answer:

Yes, the government can take her property.

Explanation:

The government can take Nancy's property because it has eminent domain over the property. In other words, it means that the government can take private property and make it a public giving the owner compensation for the land. Besides, there has to be a public purpose for the eminent domain over the plot; which, could be the construction of roads, railroads, or public buildings.

In which type of economic activity is dairy farming included?

Answers

Answer:

Primary economic activity

Explanation:

An example of Movement is what?

Group of answer choices

Media

Mountain Ranges

Places

Locations

Answers

Answer:

Places:Los Angeles

Location

the executive Governor of ogun state is who​

Answers

Answer:

The Ogun state governor is DAPO ABIODUN.

Explanation:

Hope it helps.

Many have noticed that the U.S. economy seems increasingly focused on producing and managing information, rather than on making things. What term or concept could describe this shift?

Answers

Answer:

postmodernism

Explanation:

Based on the situation described, it can be said that the term that best describes this would be postmodernism. This term refers to a philosophy of an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power. This is what the United States believes it can accomplish with information as opposed to creating new things, so they focus mainly on producing and maintaining as much information as possible.

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 Preserved the tax advantage of annuities but curtailed deductions for IRAs. Allowed whole life insurance policies to be sold. Identified annuities to be the same as certificates of deposit. Allowed annuities to be purchased for individual retirement accounts. Made all annuities tax free.

Answers

Answer:

Preserved the tax advantage of annuities but curtailed deductions for IRAs.

Explanation:

The 99th US Congress passed The Tax Reform Act of 1986 and it was signed into law on the 22nd of October, 1986 by President Ronald Reagan. Hence, it was one of President Reagan's tax cut.

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 preserved the tax advantage of annuities but curtailed deductions for individual retirement accounts (IRAs). The Act was primarily focused on boosting the fairness and providing an avenue for improved growth and development in the economy of the United States of America. Also, it restricted the deductions made by the individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and allowed employees in the United States of America to contribute 15% of the income earned.

Magine that you work for an advertising agency, and you've been tasked with developing an advertising campaign to increase sales of COLA. How would you develop an advertisement for this product that uses a Human Psychology Factor. *

Answers

Answer:

Explanation below

Explanation:

Advertising is the process of creating or promoting ones product or company's product in order to bring people or convince people to buy the particular product.

Human psychological factor can be described as the way people reason or think in deciding what they should do at a particular point in time. That is their reasoning sense in making decisions.

Generally, people want to know the reasons why they should buy a particular product, and that's why the advertisement must expose or make people to understand why that product is the best among its contemporaries.

The advertisement must make them to change their minds and make the decisions of patronising or buying the product.

How can I emigrate to Canada?

Answers

Yesss. Why not? U just need a passport and a Visa

Is there life on other planets other than Earth?

Answers

Answer:

That is unknown as for now, but it might change in the future. No, scientists have not discovered any life on other planets.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

The short answer is yes because think about it do you really think we are the only living things in the world?

A professor decides to perform an experiment with two of his classes. He believes that students in a hot classroom do not learn well. In one class, he leaves the room temperature at 70 degrees (normal room temperature). In another class, he turns the temperature up to 85 degrees. At the end of the semester he gives the same final exam to students from each classroom to see if one group has learned significantly more than the other. (Overall, a highly unethical study.)
In this experiment, who would be the experimental group?
A) The 70-degree class.
B) Because of ethics, there was no experimental group.
C) The 85-degree class.
D) Both groups are experimental groups.

Answers

Answer: C) The 85-degree class.

Explanation: An experimental group simply refers to the participants who are subjected to the actual treatment during a study. In the scenario above, the groups of participants are involved, while the first group were subjected to seventy degree temperature, which corresponds to the normal oom temperature, this means they weren't subjected to any actual treatment. The other group however witnessed a temperature higher than the normal at 85 degrees and as such makes them the experimental group.

On Monday, Johnny's mother gave him cookies and milk after he had played quietly for 10 minutes. On Tuesday, she required 20 minutes of quiet play before treat time, and on Wednesday, the cookies were given to him only after a full half hour of quiet play. Johnny was taught to play quietly for extended periods through:________.
a. modeling.b. latent learning.c. partial reinforcement.d. shaping.

Answers

Answer:.d. shaping.

Explanation:

Shaping, also referred to as " successive approximations "is the step by step systematic reinforcement of a target behavior, of which each step brings one closer until that target desired behavior is achieved,

Here, the trainer's role is to ensure  assistance and guidance to his or her subject in setting goals to achieve a desired behavior.

Shaping even though employed in the training of domestic pets lie dogs, cats etc have been efficiently used to reinforce desired behavior in human especially at an early age, In the question above,, we can see that Johnny's mother used a step by step successive approach to Shape Johnny  to a desired behaviour.

Identify the location of the Harappan civilization on this map of the Indian subcontinent.

Answers

Answer:

I do not have access to the map that you mention, but I can tell you that this civilization developed on the banks of the Indus River, in present-day India and Pakistan, between 2200 and 1700 BC. Due to its location it is also known as the Indus civilization.

Explanation:

Despite being one of the first civilizations in human history, it is relatively little known. They had a pictographic writing that has not yet been deciphered, which has meant that, unlike what happens with the civilizations of the Fertile Crescent, researchers have not been able to detail their history or fully understand their economic and social structure.

The Indus civilization disappeared due, probably, to the existence of a phase of decadence that facilitated the invasions of foreign peoples. Starting in 1700 BC, various Aryan tribes from Iran violently penetrated the territory and seized power in the region. Thus began a stage known as Vedic and characterized by the disappearance of the Harappan culture and the imposition of the customs of the invaders.

Answer:

top-left

Explanation:

Ms. Coulter was successful using a token reinforcement system with Jordan to decrease his inappropriate behaviors in her class. Mr. Johnson is now going to implement the same token system in his class in hopes that Jordan's behavior will improve. This is an example of what generalization technique? Group of answer choices

Answers

This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is the following:

Ms. Coulter was successful using a token reinforcement system with Jordan to decrease his inappropriate behaviors in class. Mr. Johnson is now going to implement the same token system in his class in hope that Jordan's behavior will improve. This is an example of what generalization technique?

a. train loosely

b. sequentially modify

c. introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies

d. mediate generalization

Answer:

This is an example of:

b. sequentially modify

Explanation:

Sequential modification refers to the implementation of a certain system or procedure in different settings, expecting similar results to occur. For instance, a certain reinforcement system was applied at school. It generated a change in behavior at school, but not at home. Then, it is applied at home with the purpose of generating a change of behavior there as well. This is what we have in the passage provided. Mr. Johnson wishes to obtain the same or similar results to Ms. Coulter's by applying the same token reinforcement system.

Irene wants to examine the effect of a defendant's appearance on the judgment of guilt for a crime.She has participants read an identical account of the crime except for the defendant's appearance.A group of high school students receive the description of an attractive defendant,while a group of senior citizens receive the description of an unattractive defendant.Both groups are then asked to rate the defendant's guilt on a seven-point scale.A major cause for confusion in Madison's experiment is the _____.A) manipulation of appearanceB) measure of guiltC) description of the crimeD) age of the participants

Answers

Answer:

D) age of the participants

Explanation:

Irene seeks to investigate the impact of defendant existence on the verdict of a crime. She read the account equivalent to the offense to the participants excluding the presence of the defendant. A group of high school students get an attractive respondent explanation, Based on the information provided in the question I can say that the main reason for the confusion in the Irene experiment was the age of the participants Hence the correct answer is the age of the participants

Finn likes it when her days are unpredictable and filled with problems to solve. She thrives on solving puzzles and then testing out the different solutions in search of the "right fit." How would you describe Finn’s personality?

Answers

Answer:

she has a high tolerance for uncertainty

Explanation:

Based on Finn's everyday life I would describe Finn's personality as having a high tolerance for uncertainty. Since her day to day life is very unpredictable and always different, she can never plan ahead and since she loves this type of lifestyle then it seems that she has a very high tolerance for what she does not know and cannot control, which most people do not.

Mary deeds her property to her sister for 15 years, in the form of a life estate. In addition, Mary also specifies that her sister's children will receive ownership of the property after the 15 years is up. Mary's sister's children are considered what?

Answers

Answer:

Remainderman.

Explanation:

In this scenario, Mary deeds her property to her sister for 15 years, in the form of a life estate. In addition, Mary also specifies that her sister's children will receive ownership of the property after the 15 years is up. Mary's sister's children are considered a remainderman.

In real estate, a remainderman can be defined as an individual who legally is entitled to inherit or even inherits a property upon the termination of the life estate of a former owner. It is a property law term which is typically used in real estate.

Additionally, life estate can be defined as an arrangement in which an individual's property ownership and rights to the property lasts only for the period he or she was alive, and then it is subsequently transferred back to the original owner (Mary) or to a third party (her sister's children).

what was the role played by various committees in the making of the constitution?​

Answers

Answer:

Committees in the making of constitution are the legislatures, constituent and assemblies in the previous section.

Explanation:

Constitution making process have limited functions are related specific functions, limited bodies.

Constitution to providing advice a aspects of system to another body and draft constitution,  have limited specific functions to making process.

Committees are they other constitutional commissions are similar bodies, drafting and adopting assemblies.

Constitution provide a advice on a financial aspects of a system, to prepare draft and prepare constitution.

Committee of they assembly is that formed a preparing draft consideration by another body.

Committee is the commissions constitutional committees, given command drafting responsibilities.

Commissions are the legislature of the assembly in a other ways.

Which of the following areas did NOT see quick economic recovery in the years following World War II? A. East Germany B. United States C. West Germany D. Japan

Answers

Answer: East Germany and Japan

Explanation:

Japan got nuked, so they basically had to rebuild everything, and East Germany was under the control of the soviet union so they were kinda screwed to begin with

"Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone/US-footshock pairings. These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box, and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone. No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box, but the dogs learn to move to the other side of the box to escape the tone. This is an example of _________________________"

Answers

Answer:

An escape from fear procedure.

Explanation:

Escape from fear (EFF) is a phenomenon involving animals learning to perform an escape of a fear-eliciting conditioned stimulus (CS) in a situation where the escape response is paired with CS termination.

Escape from fear procedure however, comprises of traditionally condition a fear response, then the subjects are allowed to perform an instrumental response to avoid the Condition Stimulus-- This is mainly confirm predictions of two-process theory.

Hence, in this case, this is an example of an ESCAPE FROM FEAR PROCEDURE.

A disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, sleep disturbances, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of a previous trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind is called:

Answers

Answer:

This disorder based on similar eff ects observed in PTSD.

You are out camping in a remote area. The next day, you plan to hike the mountain trail and return to camp before dusk. Your friends suggest that after hiking, you might want to enjoy a warm shower. They suggest that before you head out in the morning, you should suspend a strong, black cloth bag full of about 5 gallons of water, so that it sits in sunshine all day. When you return, the water should be warm, and you can enjoy a luxury because of good planning. It works and you are delighted and refreshed! The process that you used to get a warm shower illustrates

Answers

Answer: Passive solar technology

Explanation:

Passive solar technology is the method of using materials to attract sunlight for warmth. Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun. To store this energy gotten from the sun you'll need some elements to transfer this energy then store them. According to the passage the individual used a black material (black material is used for conveying and storing heat, it's one of the best form for doing so), the black material and the water helps warm the water needed for the individual after his hiking which actually worked.

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