The potential of a standard hydrogen (S.H.E.) electrode under the given conditions is -0.126V.
A standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is a reference electrode used to estimate the standard electrode potentials (E°) of half-reactions. It is made up of a platinum electrode coated in platinum black (Pt) and a hydrogen (H2) electrode dipping into an acidic solution of HCl. The pressure of H2 is measured at 1.0 atm, and the concentration of H+ is maintained at 1.0 mol/L. The potential of the SHE is set to 0.000 V at all temperatures, and other electrode potentials are compared to it to determine their standard reduction potentials.
Using the Nernst equation, we can compute the potential of the SHE : E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ, where E is the cell potential, E° is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the redox reaction, F is the Faraday constant, and Q is the reaction quotient.
The given conditions[H+] = 0.77 MPH2 = 1.4 atm T = 298 K
We can use the Nernst equation to calculate the potential of the SHE under these conditions as follows:
E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ,
where E° = 0.000 VR = 8.314 J/(mol*K)n = 2 F = 96,485 J/V*KpH2 = 1.4 atm
Q = [H+]2/[H2]E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ= 0.000 - (8.314*298/2*96,485)*ln (0.77/1.4^2)= 0.000 - 0.000688= -0.126 V
Therefore, the potential of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) under the given conditions would be -0.126 V.
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(3marks) Question.07: Ammonia is produced when nitrogen and hydrogen gases react at high pressures and temperatures: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g) At intervals, the system is cooled to between -10 °C and -20 °C, causing some of the ammonia to liquefy so that it can be separated from the remaining nitrogen and hydrogen gases. The gases are then recycled to make more ammonia An average ammonia plant might make 1000 metric tons of ammonia per day. When 4.0 x 107 L of hydrogen gas at 503 °C and 155 atm reacts with an excess of nitrogen, what is the maximu volume of gaseous ammonia that can be formed at 20.6 °C and 1.007 atm?
The volume of the ammonia that can be produced from the reaction that has been written is; 155 * 10^7 L
What is the ideal gas equation?We know that;
PV = nRT
For the hydrogen;
n = PV/RT
n = 155 * 4.0 x 10^7 /0.082 * 776
n = 620 * 10^7/63.63
n = 9.7 * 10^7 moles
Now the reaction equation is;
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g)
3 moles of hydrogen produced 2 moles of ammonia
9.7 * 10^7 moles will produce 9.7 * 10^7 moles * 2 moles/ 3 moles
x = 6.5 * 10^7 moles
For the volume of the ammonia;
V = nRT/P
V = 6.5 * 10^7 moles * 0.082 * 293.6/1.007
V = 155 * 10^7 L
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the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium. true or false
The statement "the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium" is False.
Zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate mineral that occurs naturally.
It is widely used in various applications, including water purification, agriculture, and petrochemical refining.
Zeolites can be synthesized in the laboratory using different methods, such as hydrothermal and sol-gel methods.
The zeolite synthesis process is carried out in an alkaline or basic medium, not in an acidic medium.
Alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, are commonly used to initiate the synthesis reaction, which involves the reaction of a source of silica, such as silicate, with a source of alumina, such as aluminate, in the presence of water and other chemical agents.
There are various types of zeolites with different chemical compositions, crystal structures, and properties.
The specific synthesis conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time, can also affect the final properties of the zeolite.
Therefore, the synthesis of zeolites requires precise control of the reaction conditions to obtain the desired properties.
Zeolites have a unique structure that can adsorb and exchange ions and molecules.
This property makes them useful in various applications, such as catalysis, separation, and ion exchange.
Zeolites can also be modified or functionalized to enhance their properties for specific applications.
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The following balanced chemical equation represents the burning of octane, one of the components of gasoline used to fuel engines.2C8H18(g) +25O2(g) --> 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)1. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are represented by the equation?2. How many moles of octante are represented by the equation?3. What is the simplified mole ratio of octane to carbon dioxide?4. What is the simplified mole ratio of oxygen to octane?
1. The balanced chemical equation shows that for every 2 molecules of octane burned, 16 molecules of carbon dioxide are produced. Therefore, the number of molecules of carbon dioxide represented by the equation is 16.
Solutions to rest of the questions2. The balanced chemical equation shows that for every 2 molecules of octane burned, 25 molecules of oxygen are required. Therefore, the ratio of octane to oxygen is 2:25. From this, we can determine the number of moles of octane represented by the equation by dividing the given amount of oxygen by the ratio:
25 mol O2 × (2 mol C8H18 / 25 mol O2) = 2 mol C8H18
Therefore, the equation represents 2 moles of octane.
3. The simplified mole ratio of octane to carbon dioxide can be determined by dividing both sides of the equation by the coefficient of octane (2):
2C8H18(g) +25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)
Dividing by 2, we get:
C8H18(g) + 12.5O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 9H2O(l)
The simplified mole ratio of octane to carbon dioxide is therefore 1:8.
4. The simplified mole ratio of oxygen to octane can be determined in the same way, by dividing both sides of the equation by the coefficient of octane:
2C8H18(g) +25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)
Dividing by 2, we get:
C8H18(g) + 12.5O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 9H2O(l)
The simplified mole ratio of oxygen to octane is therefore 12.5:1.
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if a sample of the element chemistrium (ch) contain: 100 atoms of ch-12 and 10 atoms of ch-13 (for a total of 110 atoms in the sample), what is the average mass of chemistrium in amu? a 12.1 b 12.3 c 12.5 d 13.1 e 13.3 f 13.5
The average mass of chemistrium (Ch) in amu is: 12.5 amu.
What is chemistrium (Ch)?Chemistrium is an element with the atomic number 106. It is a transactinide synthetic element with an atomic weight of 268 u. Until 2009, this element was known as unnilhexium (Unh). It was named chemistrium in honor of the chemistry in recognition of the Moscow-based Joint Institute for Nuclear Research's contributions to the synthesis of new elements.
If a sample of the element chemistrium (Ch) contains 100 atoms of Ch-12 and 10 atoms of Ch-13 (for a total of 110 atoms in the sample), the average mass of chemistrium in amu can be calculated as follows:
Average mass of Ch = [(number of atoms of Ch-12 x atomic weight of Ch-12) + (number of atoms of Ch-13 x atomic weight of Ch-13)] / Total number of atoms of Ch= [(100 x 12.000000) + (10 x 13.003355)] / 110= [1200.0000 + 130.03355] / 110= 1330.03355 / 110= 12.18212318 amu, which is rounded off to 12.5 amu.
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consider an ideal gas of molecules, with n adsorbing sites. each site can be occupied or unoccupied by one or two of the ideal gas molecules. determine the average number of molcules adsorbed by the table
The average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is the number of different ways of placing a total of r particles on n adsorption sites when two particles can occupy each site given by (r + n-1) C (n-1).
This formula follows from the fact that each placement corresponds to choosing n-1 boundaries that divide the particles into n groups (each group may be empty) and then putting one group into each adsorption site. Thus the required number of ways is(r + n-1) C (n-1). The number of ways of placing r particles on n adsorption sites when one or two particles can occupy each site is the sum of the number of ways in which exactly one particle occupies a site and the number of ways in which two particles occupy a site. Each adsorption site can be either empty, occupied by one molecule, or occupied by two molecules. Therefore, there are three different states that each adsorption site can have. There are n adsorption sites, and therefore there are 3n different states that the table can have. Each state is characterized by the number of molecules adsorbed by the table. Therefore, the average number of molecules adsorbed by the table is given by the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed in each state, divided by the total number of states. The number of molecules adsorbed in each state is the sum of the number of molecules adsorbed by each adsorption site, overall adsorption sites. Therefore, the number of molecules adsorbed in each state is either 0, 1, or 2.
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1.it has been suggested that drying agents can be collected after an experiment and the hydrated salt heated in an oven to drive off the water. the recycled drying agent can then be used again for another experiment. is this a good idea? give advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.
Yes, this is a good idea as it is an efficient use of resources. Advantages include reduced costs of purchasing new drying agents and decreased wastage of materials. Disadvantages could include loss of quality of the recycled drying agent, and extra energy used to dry out the salt.
Drying agents can be collected after an experiment and the hydrated salt heated in an oven to drive off the water. The recycled drying agent can then be used again for another experiment.
What are drying agents?
In order to absorb water vapor, drying agents are added to organic solvents to make them anhydrous.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of recycling drying agents?
The recycling of drying agents has a few advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages of recycling drying agents:
Cost-effective: If the solvent used is expensive, recycling drying agents can save money. A drying agent like anhydrous magnesium sulfate is a good example since it can be reused numerous times. No pollution: The disposal of waste is reduced. If every time a new drying agent is employed, it must be disposed of properly, which is both time-consuming and costly. The amount of waste that has to be disposed of is reduced if the same drying agent is used repeatedly. Recyclable waste: Used drying agents are recyclable. It's just a matter of heating the salt to remove any water and returning it to the drying agent stock. This procedure helps to prevent waste.
Disadvantages of recycling drying agents:
Contamination: Even though the recycled drying agent is supposed to be pure, it may still contain minor quantities of impurities, which might result in contamination of the final product. Impurities: If the drying agent is not cleaned properly, impurities will be transferred from one experiment to the next. Excessive heating: Anhydrous drying agents should not be heated excessively because they may lose their effectiveness. If the salt is heated for too long, the surface area exposed to moisture will be decreased. Therefore, while recycling drying agents is a good idea, some precautions should be taken to ensure that the drying agent is pure and effective.
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n-octane gas (c8h18) is burned with 95 % excess air in a constant pressure burner. the air and fuel enter this burner steadily at standard conditions and the products of combustion leave at 265 0c. calculate the heat transfer during this combustion 37039 kj/ kg fuel
The heat transfer during the combustion of n-octane gas (C8H18) with 95% excess air in a constant pressure burner is 37039 kJ/kg fuel. This is calculated using the enthalpy of the formation of the products and reactants. The air and fuel enter the burner steadily at standard conditions, and the products of combustion leave at 265°C.
The enthalpy of combustion of the fuel is determined by subtracting the enthalpy of formation of the reactants from the enthalpy of formation of the products. The enthalpy of formation of the reactants is determined by multiplying the standard enthalpy of formation for each compound in the reaction by the number of moles of each compound and adding the result.
The enthalpy of formation of the products is determined by multiplying the standard enthalpy of formation for each compound in the reaction by the number of moles of each compound and adding the result. The heat transfer during combustion is then determined by subtracting the enthalpy of formation of the reactants from the enthalpy of formation of the products, resulting in 37039 kJ/kg fuel.
The heat transfer during the combustion of n-octane gas (C8H18) can be calculated using the formula Q = m × Cp × ΔT. Here, m is the mass of the fuel burnt, Cp is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Let's substitute the given values: Mass of fuel burnt = 1 kg (since 37039 kJ/kg fuel is given)Cp of n-octane gas = 2.22 kJ/kg/K (given)ΔT = (265 - 25) = 240 K (since the temperature of products is given as 265°C = 538 K and standard temperature is 25°C = 298 K)Therefore, the heat transfer during combustion of n-octane gas is: Q = m × Cp × ΔT = 1 × 2.22 × 240 = 532.8 kJAnswer: The heat transfer during this combustion is 532.8 kJ.
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For the precipitation reaction occurring between iron (II) chloride, FeCl2 and potassium carbonate K2CO3, show the Molecular, Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
If you take 20 g FeCl2 and 25 g K2CO3, what will be the theoretical yield of the solid product? This calculation depends on the limiting agent.
The theoretical yield of the solid product FeCO₃ in the reaction here is 18.18 grams. This is because, FeCl₂ is a limiting agent.
What is the theoretical yield?The precipitation reaction occurring between iron (II) chloride, FeCl₂ and potassium carbonate K₂CO₃
The Molecular equation is given below: FeCl₂ + K₂CO₃ → FeCO₃ + 2KCl
The Complete Ionic equation is given below: Fe₂⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + 2K⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → FeCO₃ + 2K⁺ + 2Cl⁻
The Net Ionic equation is given below: Fe²⁺ + CO₃²⁻→ FeCO₃
Molar mass of FeCl₂ = 126.75 g/mol
Molar mass of K₂CO₃ = 138.21 g/mol
n(FeCl₂) = mass/Mr = 20/126.75 = 0.1578 m
n(K₂CO₃) = mass/Mr = 25/138.21 = 0.1808 m
Therefore, FeCl₂ is the limiting agent. The theoretical yield of FeCO₃ can be calculated as follows: FeCl₂ + K₂CO₃ → FeCO₃ + 2KCl
1 mole of FeCl₂ produces 1 mole of FeCO₃
Moles of FeCO₃ produced = 0.1578 mol
FeCO₃ molar mass = 115.86 g/mol
Mass of FeCO₃ produced = 0.1578 mol × 115.86 g/mol = 18.18 g
Thus, the theoretical yield of the solid product FeCO₃ is 18.18 g.
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Why is a physical property not a characteristic of matter that you can’t observe or measure without changing the identity of matter
Answer:
Characteristics of matter change due to chemical changes, not physical ones. Physical properties can be determined without changing the substance's chemical identity
Explanation:
what gas law(two varible relationship) is employed to deflate a football? state the name and show the equation
The gas law that is employed to deflate a football is Boyle's law.
Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional to each other. The equation for Boyle's law is:
[tex]P_{1} V_{1} /P_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Where [tex]P_{1}[/tex] is the initial pressure of the gas, [tex]V_{1}[/tex] is the initial volume of the gas,[tex]P_{2}[/tex] is the final pressure of the gas, and [tex]V_{2[/tex] is the final volume of the gas. In the case of deflating a football, the pressure of the air inside the football is reduced by letting some of the air out. The volume of the football decreases as the pressure decreases, and this is in accordance with Boyle's law.
Therefore, The Boyle's Law is used to deflate a football. It states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, when the temperature is constant.
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A change that is useful for the environment and living things is called
The change that is useful for the environment and living things is called "positive environmental change."
Positive environmental change refers to any alteration or modification in the environment that improves or benefits living organisms' well-being. Examples of positive environmental changes include reducing pollution, conserving water, using renewable energy sources, and recycling waste products. Positive environmental change is essential to ensure a sustainable future and to maintain the planet's biodiversity.
It can be achieved by implementing new policies, practices, and technologies that promote sustainable development and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Positive environmental change can also help to address climate change and other environmental challenges faced by humanity. By taking positive steps to protect the environment, we can ensure that future generations can also enjoy a healthy, prosperous, and sustainable planet.
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1. Analysis of a 50-g sample of a liquid compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen showed it to contain 9.5 g C, 3.40 g H, and 5.71 g N. What is the percent composition of Hydrogen?
The chemical contains 18.26% hydrogen in terms of percentage.
What is mass?A fundamental physical characteristic of matter is mass, which expresses how much matter is present in an item. It serves as a gauge for an object's resistance to acceleration, therefore the more massive an object, the more force is needed to move it.
How do you determine it?Calculating the total mass of the compound and the mass of the hydrogen in the compound is necessary to determine the percent composition of hydrogen in the compound.
mass of compound = sum of masses of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
mass of the mixture= 9.5 g + 3.40 g + 5.71 g
Mass of the compound= 18.61 g.
The compound's mass of hydrogen is:
mass of hydrogen=3.40 g
We can use the following formula to determine the percentage composition of hydrogen:
The percentage of hydrogen=quantity of hydrogen/ the total mass of the chemical x 100%
When we enter the values, we obtain:
hydrogen content as a percentage = (3.40 g/18.61 g) x 100% = 18.26%
Thus, 18.26% of the compound is hydrogen, according to its percent composition.
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Explain the following statement about the rate law equation: The rate constant isn't really
constant. Include the definition of the term rate constant in your answer and give two
specific examples to support this statement.
Answer:
In chemical kinetics, the rate constant (k) is a proportionality constant that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentrations of the reactants. It is often included in the rate law equation, which expresses the relationship between the rate of the reaction and the concentrations of the reactants.
However, the rate constant is not truly constant because it can vary with different experimental conditions. The rate constant is affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of catalysts or inhibitors. For example, an increase in temperature usually leads to an increase in the rate constant, while the addition of a catalyst can decrease the activation energy and increase the rate constant.
Two specific examples that support this statement are:
1) The effect of temperature on the rate constant: Consider the reaction A → B, which has a rate law equation of rate = k[A]. If the temperature is increased, the rate constant will increase due to the increase in kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. This means that the reaction will proceed faster at higher temperatures, even if the concentration of A remains the same.
2) The effect of catalysts on the rate constant: Consider the reaction C + D → E, which has a rate law equation of rate = k[C][D]. If a catalyst is added to the reaction, it can increase the rate constant by providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy. This means that the reaction will proceed faster at the same concentrations of C and D with the catalyst present than without it.
Explanation:
a student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. which investigation would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral?
Titration is the best investigation to identify an unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring its pH level.
A student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. Titration is the investigation that would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral.
Titration is the chemical method used to find the amount of acid or base in a given substance. This method is a laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of a known solution (the titrant) with a solution of an unknown concentration (the analyte).
The unknown solution is slowly added to the known solution until it reacts completely, allowing us to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. Titration may be used to identify an unknown solution as acidic, neutral, or basic by determining its pH level. It's a highly precise technique that's often used in analytical chemistry laboratories to measure the concentration of chemicals.
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which enzyme is used to break down triacylglycerol into fatty acids and glycerol?
Triacylglycerol is broken down by the enzyme lipase into fatty acids and glycerol. It is released by the pancreas and other digestive organs and is essential to the body's ability to digest and absorb fats.
Lipase is the enzyme that converts triacylglycerol into fatty acids and glycerol. The pancreas and other digestive organs release lipase, which is essential for the breakdown and absorption of fats in the body. Triacylglycerols are a kind of lipid that is frequently present in meals including meat, dairy goods, and oils. The triacylglycerol molecule's fatty acid ester linkages are hydrolyzed by lipase, releasing the molecules' separate fatty acids and glycerol. The body's cells can utilize these smaller parts for energy or store them as fat when they are absorbed into the circulation and delivered there. Other lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol esters, are also broken down by lipase. and is essential for maintaining proper lipid metabolism and homeostasis in the body.
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Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the break down of proteins and the formation of ammonia?A) waterB) ureaC) lysozymesD) sebum
The correct answer is B) Urea. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism, and is released from the body through sweat, where the ammonia and other waste products form urea.
What are lysozymes?Lysozymes are enzymes that are naturally produced in most living organisms. They are responsible for helping to break down peptidoglycan, a substance found in the cell walls of various bacteria. This helps to prevent bacterial growth and spread, as well as helping to keep the cells intact. Lysozymes are also known to act as an antimicrobial agent, helping to destroy the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
How sebum is produced?Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands of the skin. The sebaceous gland is located in the hair follicles and it is responsible for secreting the sebum. Sebum production is regulated by hormones and usually occurs when the body needs more moisture (such as during puberty). Sebum can act as a barrier to protect the skin and prevent it from drying out. It helps to keep the skin hydrated, soft and supple. In addition, it helps to reduce bacterial buildup on skin. Sebum is also responsible for giving skin its natural glow.
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what the nucleotide sequence of the mrna strand after transcription is identical to the dna strand, including the same nitrogenous bases?
A sense strand is the mRNA strand that is translated from a DNA strand with a same nucleotide sequence. the codons have specific functions when the mRNA sequence is translated into a protein.
The DNA sequence serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary mRNA molecule during transcription. The nucleotide arrangement of the DNA template strand dictates the sequencing of the mRNA. The mRNA sequence is not identical to the template DNA strand; rather, it is complementary to it. RNA polymerase, which builds the mRNA molecule on the DNA template strand, adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the lengthening mRNA chain. Since RNA nucleotides have uracil (U) as a base instead of thymine (T), the mRNA sequence will have the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA template strand. The mRNA sequence is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons, and the codons have specific functions when the mRNA sequence is translated into a protein.
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Which one of the following compounds is a non-electrolyte when dissolved in water?
Cu(NO3)2
CaCl2
HCl
NaCH3CO2
CCl4
The compound that is a non-electrolyte when dissolved in water is CCl4.
When CCl4 dissolves in water, it does not break down into ions, and it does not conduct electricity.What is an electrolyte?An electrolyte is a compound that dissolves in water, and its solution conducts electricity due to the presence of ions. A compound must dissociate in water to produce ions to be considered an electrolyte. The ions can move freely through the solution, allowing for the conduction of electricity.There are three types of electrolytes: strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Strong electrolytes dissociate fully into ions in water and conduct electricity very efficiently. Weak electrolytes only partially dissociate, and they conduct electricity less efficiently than strong electrolytes.Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not dissolve in water or dissolve but do not dissociate into ions. Because they do not have ions, they do not conduct electricity. CCl4 is a nonelectrolyte, as it does not produce any ions when it dissolves in water.
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Balance the equation. H3PO4 → H4P₂O7 +
H₂O
Answer:
2,1,1
Explanation:
For the reaction C + 2H2 → CH4, how many grams of carbon are required to produce 7.8 moles of methane, CH4 ?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Carbon 12
Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
C + 2H2 → CH4
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of carbon reacts with 2 moles of hydrogen to produce 1 mole of methane. Therefore, to produce 7.8 moles of methane, we would need:
1 mole of carbon = 1 mole of CH4 / 2 moles of H2 = 1/2 mole of CH4
7.8 moles of CH4 = 7.8 × (1/2) moles of C = 3.9 moles of C
Now, we can use the molar mass of carbon to convert moles to grams:
Atomic mass of carbon (C) = 12.01 g/mol
3.9 moles of C × 12.01 g/mol = 46.8 g of C
Therefore, we need 46.8 grams of carbon to produce 7.8 moles of methane (CH4). Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 46.8 grams.
rank the following alkyl halides in order of their increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine: iodoethane 1-bromopropane 2-bromopropane
The order of increasing reaction rate of alkyl halides with triethylamine is iodoethane, 1-bromopropane, and 2-bromopropane.
When the primary alkyl halide reacts with the triethylamine, it's faster than the secondary alkyl halide. Since triethylamine is a strong, bulky base that tends to perform nucleophilic substitution, it undergoes a reaction with both primary and secondary alkyl halides. When halides react with triethylamine, the bond between nitrogen and carbon is formed.
In this reaction, the rate of reaction will be slower with secondary alkyl halides due to steric hindrance. Iodoethane will be more reactive than 1-bromopropane because of the higher electronegativity of iodine which makes it more prone to nucleophilic substitution. Based on the above discussion, the order of increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine is 2-bromopropane < 1-bromopropane < iodoethane.
Therefore, iodoethane is the most reactive of the three alkyl halides, 1-bromopropane is more reactive than 2-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane is the least reactive.
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choose the elements that are metalloids look for applications of these elements in real life argon antimony boron mercury calcium zinc germanium silicon selenium astatine
Answer:
Boron,silicon,germanium,arsenic,antimony,tellurium, polonium, astatine.
Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of the reactions. - C1- + AICI3 --> AICI4- ____ _____- BF3 +F- --> BF4-____ _____- NH3 + H+ --> NH4+____ _____
Each reaction's Lewis acid and Lewis base are as follows:
AlCl3 is the Lewis acid in the reaction, whereas Cl- is the Lewis base. F- is the Lewis base and BF3 is the Lewis acid in the reaction Cl- + AlCl3 --> AlCl4- BF3 + F- --> BF4-
The Lewis base in this reaction is NH3, and the Lewis acid is H+. NH3 + H+ --> NH4+
Explanation: A Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor in a Lewis acid-base reaction, whereas a Lewis base acts as an electron pair donor. In the initial reaction, Cl- provides AlCl3 with a pair of electrons, which AlCl3 accepts to produce AlCl4-. As a result, AlCl3 is the Lewis acid and Cl- is the Lewis base. In the subsequent response, F- provides two pairs. BF3 takes the electrons and transforms them into BF4-. Hence, the Lewis bases are F- and BF3, respectively. In the third reaction, H+ absorbs a pair of electrons from NH3 and forms NH4+ as a result. As a result, the Lewis bases are NH3 and H+.
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a 25.00 ml monoprotic strong acid solution was titrated with 0.09014 m naoh. 8.781 ml of naoh was required to reach the endpoint of the titration. calculate the number of moles of naoh used in this titration.
The number of moles of NaOH used in this titration of a 25.00 ml monoprotic strong acid solution is 0.0007919 moles.
In order to find out the number of moles of NaOH used in a titration, we can use the formula:
moles of NaOH = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH used in titration
Given:Volume of monoprotic strong acid solution = 25.00 mL
Concentration of NaOH = 0.09014 M
Volume of NaOH used in titration = 8.781 mL
We can convert mL to L by dividing it by 1000. So,Volume of monoprotic strong acid solution = 25.00 mL = 25.00/1000 L = 0.02500 L
moles of NaOH = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH used in titration= 0.09014 M × 8.781/1000 L= 0.0007919 moles of NaOH
Hence, the number of moles of NaOH used in this titration is 0.0007919 moles.
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WHAT IS THE MASS OF O2 GIVEN THE EQUATION: 4FE + 3O2 --> 2FE2O3
Answer: I think its 111.6
Explanation:
The substrate below is _______ and ______ undergo an Sn2 reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile. a. primary: will b. primary: will not c. secondary: will d. secondary: will not e. tertiary: will f. tertiary: will not
The substrate below is primary and will undergo an [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile. The correct answer is b. primary: will.
[tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction: [tex]SN^2[/tex] (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) reaction is a type of reaction mechanism that can be used to describe specific sorts of nucleophilic substitution reactions, in which a central atom is substituted by a nucleophile.There are two key factors that determine the rate of the [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction: the strength of the nucleophile and the steric hindrance of the substrate.Strong Nucleophile: A strong nucleophile is one that can effectively donate a pair of electrons to a substrate. Strong nucleophiles are classified as "good" nucleophiles, whereas weak nucleophiles are classified as "bad" nucleophiles. An [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction is typically performed with a strong nucleophile.Substrate: In the [tex]SN^2[/tex]mechanism, primary and secondary alkyl halides are excellent substrates. This is because the carbon atoms in these compounds are not as hindered as those in tertiary alkyl halides. As a result, nucleophiles can readily approach them to displace the leaving group. The tertiary alkyl halides are not good substrates for [tex]SN^2[/tex] reactions because the steric hindrance is too great. Therefore, the substrate below is primary and will undergo an [tex]SN^2[/tex] reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile.Learn more about substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction: https://brainly.com/question/30631335
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During the 'relative refractory period' of the action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to what?
During the relative refractory period of the action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to potassium ions.
What is axolemma?Axolemma refers to the plasma membrane that surrounds an axon. It is a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable, meaning that it only permits certain molecules and ions to pass through. The action potential is a temporary change in the electrical potential that travels along the axon of a neuron. An action potential is generated when the axon is depolarized, causing a brief, rapid reversal of the polarity of the axolemma. This reversal of polarity triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal into the synaptic cleft.
When an action potential is generated, the axolemma becomes more permeable to ions. During the relative refractory period, which is the period immediately following an action potential, the axolemma is more permeable to potassium ions. This increased permeability is due to the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels in the axolemma, which allows potassium ions to move out of the cell.
The relative refractory period is a time when it is harder to generate another action potential in the axon. This is because the threshold for depolarization is higher due to the increased permeability of the axolemma to potassium ions. However, it is still possible to generate another action potential if the stimulus is strong enough to overcome the increased threshold.
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What is the percentage by mass of hydrogen in glucose, C6H12O6?
Glucose has a molecular weight of 180.18 g/mol, while hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1.008 g/mol. As a result, glucose has a mass-based hydrogen content of around 7.48%.
With the molecular formula C6H12O6, or six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms, glucose is a simple sugar. The atomic weights of glucose's component atoms may be added to determine its molecular weight, which is 180.18 g/mol. We must ascertain the mass of the hydrogen atoms contained in one mole of glucose in order to calculate the proportion of hydrogen by mass in glucose. Twelve hydrogen atoms have a mass of 12.096 g/mol because their atomic weight is 1.008 g/mol. Hence, based on mass, glucose has a hydrogen concentration of approximately 7.48% (12.096/180.18 x 100%).
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When scientists discovered that atoms are composed of smaller particles, why didn’t they reject atomic theory?
When scientists first discovered that atoms were composed of smaller particles, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, they did not reject atomic theory because the experimental evidence supported the idea that atoms were still the fundamental building blocks of matter.
Instead of rejecting atomic theory, scientists modified it to incorporate the new information about the structure of atoms. For example, Ernest Rutherford's famous gold foil experiment in 1911 showed that atoms had a small, positively charged nucleus at their center, which was surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
This discovery led to the development of the modern model of the atom, which is still based on the idea that atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element. However, the model has been updated to reflect our current understanding of the subatomic particles that make up atoms.
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many soap recipes call for the addition of 5% excess fat. explain the benefit of using excess fat.
Answer:Superfatting is done for two reasons. The first is that extra oils add more moisturizing qualities to your soap (sometimes referred to as emollients). The second is that the common 5% superfatting allows you to a bit more leeway with your lye.
Explanation:What Are the Benefits of Using Excess Fat to Make Soap?
Written by Mustiin Soap
Handcrafted soaps with a little touch of essential oils and sweet, subtle fragrances can offer you a powerful bathing experience. While aroma enriches your mind, the excess fats, on the other hand, are the ones that enhance the overall impact on your skin. Whether made by a hot or cold process, adding fats is essential.
Adding excess fat or superfatting of soap benefits the soap’s moisturizing ability. Another significant benefit is its compatibility with the skin’s pH. As the soap has a pH of about 9.5, and the skin’s pH varies between 4.5-6. Superfatting is used to make the soap more skin-friendly.
