What was the situation before the development before the creation of artificial cells

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

We discuss the experimental constraints to synthesize the most elementary cell-sized compartment that can self-reproduce using synthetic genetic information. The original idea was to program a phospholipid vesicle with DNA. Based on this idea, it was shown that in vitro gene expression could be carried out inside cell-sized synthetic vesicles.


Related Questions

The ideas of rousseau, voltaire , and montesquieu most influenced
(1)the growing Power of priests in the Roman catholic church
(2) improvements in The working conditions of factory workers
(3) The rise of industrial capitalism
(4) moment for political reform
Answer??

Answers

Answer:

4) movement for political reform

Explanation:

The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire , and Montesquieu were most influenced by the movement for political reform.

This is because, as deep thinkers, they held reason, science, religious tolerance and natural rights to very high esteem. As a result of this, they all developed theories of government that would govern the people.

How do you think humans’ adaptability will continue to help our species survive in the future?


(Please not from the internet in your own words)

Answers

Answer:

What role do you believe humans' adaptation will play in our species' survival in the future?

    In my perspective, the human species can and will overcome any challenges that are thrown our way. We have been doing it for hundreds of years and will continue to do so no matter what sad events occur.

    In several biological and cultural ways, the human body adapts to shifting environmental pressures. We can acclimate to a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels. When we travel to high elevations, our bodies adjust to ensure that our cells get enough oxygen. Internal and environmental pressures such as bacterial and viral diseases, air and water pollution, nutritional imbalance, and overcrowding cause physiological responses.

    We have been able to survive in most parts of the world because of our ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions. We can survive in wet tropical woods, severe deserts, frigid wastelands, and even heavily populated cities with significant pollution levels. Because of their limited flexibility, most other animal and plant species are bound to one or a few settings.

    Successful adaptation may arise through biological evolution when environmental stress is continuous and lasts for many generations. Individuals who inherit a characteristic that allows them to respond better to specific challenges are more likely to live longer and pass on more of their genes to the next generation. Natural selection is the process of evolution. People whose ancestors lived in locations where endemic malaria has existed for thousands of years, for example, generally inherit some level of immunity to this deadly disease. The high prevalence of sickle-cell trait among Central Africans is largely due to malaria's indirect selection for this trait. Heterozygous bearers of the sickling gene are at a selective advantage because they do not suffer sickle-cell anemia and are adequately resistant to the malarial pathogen. Our ability to create sweat as a means of cooling our bodies in hot situations is another example of a genetic response to environmental stress. Because our immediate pre-human predecessors were tropical animals, it is not unexpected that we have this skill.

    It takes several generations for genetic changes in response to environmental pressures to become ubiquitous in a population. Fortunately, as individuals, we have alternative options for responding more swiftly during our lifespan. The term "adjustment" is used to describe these non-heritable, short-term physiological alterations. The term "adaptation" refers to inheritable genetic alterations that occur over a lengthy period in a population.

Explanation:

What is an example of a civil service job?

Answers

Answer:

Postal worker, police officer, legislator, etc.

Explanation:

Start
Monthly, Juan's net earnings are $6,000, and expenses are $5,500. If Juan
saves the difference, how much will Juan have saved after 10 years?
3-0-0

Answers

$60,000
Monthly = 6,000 - 5,500= $500
12 months in a year
500 * 12 = 6,000
6,000*10=$60,000

examine the effectiveness of disaster risk governance structures within your local municipality.​

Answers

Explanation:

Disaster risk governance refers to the way in which the public authorities, civil servants, media, private sector, and civil society coordinate at community, national and regional levels in order to manage and reduce disaster and climate related risks.

According to the Declaration of Independence, what branch of government do the Patriots say is ineffective?

Answers

Explanation:

During the Revolutionary War, Patriots sought to gain formal acknowledgment of this policy through independence. Confident that independence lay ahead, Patriots alienated many fellow colonists by resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in this conflict.

According to the Declaration of Independence, the Patriots, declared the Legislative branch of government as ineffective.

The Declaration of Independence that was drafted in Congress on July 4, 1776 stated primarily that the British royalty had abused its legislative powers by refusing to pass laws that were for the "public's good". Governors were deprived the right to pass laws except they had the consent of the King, who did not attend to the matters urgently.

The 13 colonies were deprived of their rights to be represented at the parliament and when laws were passed, they were not framed to accommodate the needs of the American colonies. The Patriots referred to their legislations as "Pretended Legislations".

Therefore, we can say in conclusion, that the Patriots condemned the Legislative branch of government controlled by the British royalty.

Learn more about the Declaration of Independence here:

https://brainly.com/question/1809378

In the case Roe V. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws

Answers

the Court ruled that a state law that banned abortions except to save the life of the mother was unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision has proven to be one of the most controversial cases in the Court's history.

In the 1776 reading on Free Suffrage, the author asserts that restricting voting rights to people who owned land was



A. Unjustified


B. Necessary for political order


C. Designed to encourage people to economically advance


D. Discriminatory towards non-English colonists

Answers

Answer:

A. Unjustified

Explanation:

In the 1776 reading on Free Suffrage, the author asserts that restricting voting rights to people who owned land was "UNJUSTIFIED."

This is because by restricting the people who did not own land or property the voting rights are like being ruled by someone they have no choice in his emergence and at the same time as being own.

According to the author, if there is a restriction of voting rights to only people who owned land, then those without land and voting rights are not truly equal with the former. Hence, it is unjustified because. America was established based on having a government whereby they can have a choice and choose to decide who will govern them.


What is the difference between the Torah and the Talmud?

Answers

The Torah is the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numerous and Deuteronomy. While the Talmud is the history of the Jewish religion, the same as their laws and beliefs.

What is still allowed under the Patriot Act? Do you agree with these provisions? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

Under the Patriot Act, the government can now ask a federal court (the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court), if needed to aid an investigation, to order production of the same type of records available through grand jury subpoenas.

Explanati

How did the Work Progress Administration affect employment for young people?

Answers

Answer:

There is strong evidence that the participation of young people in formal, institutional political processes is relatively low when compared to older citizens

In the years between 1865 - 1900, what ideas and philosophies most influenced the transformation of the United States from isolationism to expansionism?

Answers

Answer:

nose sabes tu

Explanation:

a short history on the assin manso slave site

Answers

Explanation:

Donkor Nsuofirst bath ghana Gold coast Grave Yard heritageLast bath last both Slave River Slave trade slaveryslaves transAtlantic Wall of Return

Assin Manso Ancestral Slave River Park was one of the largest slave markets for gathering people to sell into slavery during the infamous trans-Atlantic slave trade. It is especially worth seeing as a prelude to viewing Cape Coast slave castle since you will be following the route taken by the ancestors of many African Americans.

It was the final link in the slavery route from northern Ghana and was known to have been the largest slave market for the merchant supplying slaves on the forts and castles on the coast.

Trans – Atlantic slave trade came about when people were needed to work on agricultural and mines since the Europeans are not suitable to the climate and not able to survive the tropical disease during the agricultural and mines work. Trans – Atlantic slave trade because, already manufactured goods (tobacco, spirits, beads, cloths, guns etc.) were taken from Europe to Africa in exchange of human beings. Then the exchanged goods (human beings) are shipped to work on plantations and mines. The merchants then return to Europe with the produce from the slave’s labor plantations (cloths, sugar, tobacco, etc.). The transport of the slaves from Africa to America forms the middle passage of the triangular trade.

my summer brake sucks cuz my parents are strict as heck and they got angry issues ​

Answers

That’s sad I hope it gets better

In 20 words or fewer, explain why a slave owner might free his slaves
in his will. Why not sooner?

Answers

Answer:

because he want then he want no why don't ask so much lol

Tennis was first introduced to America in​

Answers

Answer: According to wikipedia tennis was first introduced in America in 1881.hope its helps you.have a great day keep smiling be happy stay safe.

Read the two excerpts from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address.

As Thomas Jefferson said, "The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time; no King holds the right of liberty in his hands."
***
The great writer, Rudyard Kipling, wrote of them, that: "There in the Southland of the United States of America, lives the greatest fighting breed of man . . . in all the world!"

What technique makes both excerpts effective?

A. They both quote historical figures.
B. They both have a counterclaim that disproves facts.
C. They both make an appeal to emotion.
D. They both include the use of repetition.

Answers

The correct answer is A. They both quote historical figures.

Explanation

The two excerpts from Governor George Wallace's inaugural address include quotes from Thomas Jefferson and Rudyard Kipling. According to the above, it can be established that Wallace used these quotes to give credibility to his speech because he uses the words of one of the fathers of the Independence of the United States to talk about freedom and later uses the words of Rudyard Kipling to enhance the attitude of the audience by referring to them as "the greatest fighting breed of man ... in all the world !. These are an example of argumentation through ethos because he seeks to give support to his speech using as support phrases of well-known people So, the correct answer is A.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Trevor was tried in a district court after being accused of committing a certain crime. At the end of the trial, the jury declared him guilty. Trevor and his family are not satisfied with the verdict. They now plan to take their case to the

Answers

Answer: Court of appeal / Appellate court

Explanation:

Based on the scenario given in the question, the case would be taken to the court of appeal. An appellate court, or the court of appeal refers to the court of law which is empowered to hear the appeal of the trial court.

The court of appeal reviews the procedures of the trial court and the decisions in order to ensure that the proceedings that were applied were fair and proper law was also applied correctly.

Japanese immigrants coming to America

A intended to work only fora short time and then return to Japan.

B were reluctant to come to America.

C were fleeing from severe economic hardships Japan.

D were very affluent to begin with.​

Answers

Answer:

C were fleeing from severe economic hardships Japan.

Correct me if im wrong thanks

Куликовская битва произошла в:​

Answers

Дата 8 сентября 1380 г. Расположение Куликово Поле у ​​реки Дон Результат Решительная победа Московии; За фракцией «Москва» закреплен титул великого князя. Первое историческое упоминание о Московии как о независимой стране. Закат Золотой Орды.

What country had a civil war between Communists and Nationalists? Check the following below.
A. China
B. Korea
C. Vietnam
D. Malaysia

Answers

Answer:

A, B and C

Explanation:

China, Korea and Vietnam all had a civil war between the communists and nationalists. In China and Vietnam, the communists prevailed with the help of the USSR, and Vietnam got the help of China. In Korea, to this day, there is a communist North and democratic South because the civil war ended in stalemate. The Nationalists in every country were funded by the US, and the US' global image was ripped.

Answer:

china is the answer of this question

What's a ruling family called?

Answers

Answer: A dynasty is the correct answer

hope its helps

have a great day.

keep smiling be happy stay safe.

Articles IV to VII of the US Constitution

Answers

Answer:

1.What does Article 4 of the Constitution say?

2.What did Articles IV VII say?

3.What does Article 4 of the Constitution say?

4.What is Article 1 Section 4 of the Constitution about?

5.What are the 3 purposes of a constitution?

6.what was the purpose of article 7 of the constitution?

7.How does the constitution begin

Explanation:

1."The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence."

2.The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

3.Article Six of the United States Constitution establishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position, and holds the United States under the Constitution responsible for debts incurred .

4.The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

5.First it creates a national government consisting of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial branch, with a system of checks and balances among the three branches. Second, it divides power between the federal government and the states. And third, it protects various individual liberties of American citizens

6..Article Seven of the United States Constitution sets the number of state ratifications necessary in order for the Constitution to take effect and prescribes the method through which the states may ratify it.

7.We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States

I really hope this helps

Question 10 of 20 : PENN FOSTER PLEASE
Select the best answer for the question
10. One of the factors that helped the rise of industrialism in Great Britain was its
O A. government-run factories
O B. rich deposits of coal.
O C. egalitarian social structure.
O D. vast timber resources,
Mark for review

Answers

Answer:

B. rich deposits of coal.

Explanation:

One of the factors that helped the rise of industrialism in Great Britain was its "rich deposits of coal."

This is because one of the major factors for the birth and rise of industrialization in Great Britain is the need for energy and power to be utilized in the production process.

Hence, the rich deposits of coal in Great Britain led to the mass exploration of coal and its usage on a large scale which helps in the advancement of industrialization.

How was Roman art different from Greek art?

Answers

Answer:

A. Romans used mosaics as a common decoration

how the civilizations were alike, and how they were different, in those categories. You can use the River Valley Civilizations sheet as a reference.

Answers

Answer:

Ancient china and Egyptian civilization shared  and differed in a number of factors.

Explanation:

Explanation:

Both of this civilizations had access to rives which are; The river Nile for Egypt and the Yellow river for China. This rivers acted as sources of water that played a great role in both civilizations. Rivers acted as a source of fish, they also flooded making the nearby land fertile for farming in early civilizations.

Both civilizations had a special way of writing that helped them communicate important ideas. The Egyptian had the famous hieroglyphic being the most famous among their ancient scripts.

The two civilizations had formalized governments, however, this governments differed in terms of ideology. The china government was a monarchy while the Egyptian monarchy was a theocracy.

They both were developed in architecture but differed in the structures they build. The Chinese civilization built the great wall of china while the Egyptians built the pyramids. This structures exist to date.

Read Robert the Monk’s account of Pope Urban II’s speech.

This royal city [Jerusalem] . . . desires to be liberated and begs you to come to her aid. . . . God has granted you above all other nations great glory in arms. Accordingly, undertake this journey eagerly for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the reward of imperishable glory in the kingdom of heaven.

Which best summarizes what the pope is saying?

Traveling to Jerusalem is the will of God.
Warfare in the name of God is a sin.
God has given Jerusalem to the Muslims.
God will reward those who liberate Jerusalem.

Answers

Answer:

God will reward those who liberate Jerusalem

Explanation:

According to Robert the Monk’s account of Pope Urban II’s speech where he discussed the Royal city of Jerusalem and how it needs liberation and how God has granted them great glory so as to liberate them and have their sins wiped away and have salvation assured.

The best summarizes to what the pope is saying is that God will reward those who liberate Jerusalem

Answer:

D

Explanation:

god will reward those who liberate Jerusalem

bansang sumakop sa indo-china​

Answers

Answer:

ito ay magiging Japan

Explanation:

President ______________ was unsuccessful in his attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court with political loyalists.

a.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

b.
Theodore Roosevelt

c.
Ronald Reagan

d.
Barack Obama

Answers

The correct answer is A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was unsuccessful in his attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court with political loyalist.

Explanation

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was an American politician who was noted for being President of the United States during World War II from 1933 until he died in 1945 (the same year the war ended). One of his most popular political actions was the failure of his Judicial Reorganization Bill in 1937 by which he wanted to expand the number of judges of the United States Supreme Court to grant positions in this institution to loyal politicians. However, this bill was not approved by the majority of senators and congressmen of both parties. According to the above, the correct respect is A.

Menciona el nombre del personaje que nos relata la historia de l" ser humano en busca del sentido"?

Answers

no lo se me duele la lengua #nosoygirlboss
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