Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP allow deferred taxes to be: presented as noncurrent on the balance sheet. measured using a substantially enacted tax rate. recognized in equity after a fixed asset revaluation.
Answer:
presented as noncurrent on the balance sheet.
Explanation:
GAAP is an acronym for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, it was adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and is the comprehensive accounting rules and standard used in recording and reporting financial information.
The IFRS is an acronym for International Financial Reporting Standards,International Financial Reporting Standards, it is a set of accounting rules that ensure financial statements are consistent, transparent and comparable globally.
Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP allow deferred taxes to be presented as noncurrent on the balance sheet.
Grace Company gathered the following reconciling information in preparing its July bank reconciliation: Cash balance per books, 7/31 $4,500 Deposits in transit 150 Notes receivable and interest collected by bank 850 Bank charge for check printing 20 Outstanding checks 2,000 NSF check 170 The adjusted cash balance per the books on July 31 is____.a. $5,010.
b. $3,310.
c. $3,460.
d. $5,160.
Answer:
d. $5,160
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what The adjusted cash balance per the books on July 31 is
Cash balance per books, 7/31 $4,500
Add Notes receivable and interest collected by bank $850
Less Bank charge for check printing ($20)
Less NSF check ($170)
Cash balance per the books on July 31 $5,160
Therefore The adjusted cash balance per the books on July 31 is $5,160
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, signed by President Barack Obama in 2009, aimed at: Group of answer choices providing higher unemployment benefits to the residents of the economy. removing the supply bottlenecks in the economy. ensuring free trade flows across the world. stimulating the aggregate demand in the economy. closing an expansionary gap through a contractionary fiscal policy.
Answer: Stimulating the aggregate demand in the economy.
Explanation:
When former President Obama took over the governing of the nation in 2009, the country was in the midst of one of the worst global depressions that it had ever been through. Employment was high and aggregate demand was low.
President Obama therefore embarked on an expansionary fiscal policy by passing the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act which was to target certain sectors of the economy with the view of increasing investment in those sectors and consumption so that Aggregate demand can be stimulated in the economy as those two things are components of Aggregate demand.
In an indirect message, valid reasons for the refusal are presented before the bad news. Which option is most effective
Answer:
Following are the response to the given question:
Explanation:
The oblique message attempts to soften a piece of bad news, in order to achieve this aim, a soothing discourse sends the message describing why the negative stuff was being reported prior to hit the fact and minimizing its effect. Throughout the case of transmitting bad news, indirect speech is better accepted, because persons tend to better accept the explanation. So letter c matches an oblique speech better effectively, that's why These acceptability guidelines for the used computer hardware would have to be established since only new computers offer guarantees, young elite, and matching devices.
Norton Company reported total sales revenue of $55,000, total expenses of $45,000, and net income of $10,000 on its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2010. During 2010, accounts receivable increased by $4,000, merchandise inventory increased by $6,000, accounts payable decreased by $2,000, and depreciation of $18,000 was recorded. Therefore, based only on this information, the net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method for 2010 was:
Answer:
By calculation the answer is $16,000.
Norton Company reported total sales revenue of $55,000, total expenses of $45,000, and net income of $10,000 on its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2010. To calculate the net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method.
The net income and then adjust for changes in working capital and non-cash expenses.
Net Income: $10,000
Adjustments for Changes in Working Capital:
Increase in Accounts Receivable: $4,000
Increase in Merchandise Inventory: $6,000
Decrease in Accounts Payable: $2,000
Adjustments for Non-cash Expenses:
Depreciation: $18,000
Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities:
Net Income + Adjustments for Changes in Working Capital + Adjustments for Non-cash Expenses
$10,000 - $4,000 - $6,000 + $2,000 + $18,000
$10,000 - $8,000 + $2,000 + $18,000
Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities = $22,000
Therefore, based on the given information, the net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method for 2010 was $22,000.
To know more about cash flow here,
https://brainly.com/question/27994727
#SPJ2
New lithographic equipment, acquired at a cost of $859,200 on March 1 of Year 1 (beginning of the fiscal year), has an estimated useful life of five years and an estimated residual value of $96,660. The manager requested information regarding the effect of alternative methods on the amount of depreciation expense each year. On the basis of the data presented to the manager, the double-declining-balance method was selected.
Required:
a. Determine the annual depreciation expense for each of the estimated five years of use, the accumulated depreciation at the end of each year, and the book value of the equipment at the end of each year by (a) the straight-line method and (b) the double-declining-balance method. Round your answers to the nearest whole dollar.
b. Journalize the entry to record the sale assuming the manager chose the double-declining-balance method.
Answer and Explanation:
The calculation and the journal entry is given below:
a)
Depreciation expense= (Original cost - Residual Value) ÷ Estimated useful life
= $(859200 - 96660) ÷ 5
= $152508
Year Depreciation Expense Accumulated depreciation Book Value,
1 $152508 $152508 $706692
2 152508 305016 554184
3 152508 457524 401676
4 152508 610032 249168
5 152508 762540 96660
b)
Depreciation rate is
= 100 ÷ 5 × 2
= 40%
Year Depreciation Expense Accumulated depreciation Book Value,
1 $343680 $343680 $515520
( 40% of 859200)
2 206208 549888 309312
(40% of 515520)
3 123725 673613 185587
4 74235 747848 111352
5 14692 762540 96660
(111352-96660)
c)
The journal entry is
Cash $141422.00
Accumulated depreciation- Equipment $747848.00
To Gain on sale of Equipment $30070.00
To Equipment $859200.00
(Being the sale of equipment is recorded)
A truck that cost $72,000 and on which $60,000 of accumulated depreciation has been recorded was disposed of for $18,000 cash. The entry to record this event would include a
Answer:
Gain of $6,000.
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what The entry to record this event would include
Using this formula
Gain=(Accumulated depreciation+Cash)-Cost
Let plug in the formula
Gain=($60,000+$18,000)-$72,000
Gain=$78,000-$72,000
Gain=$6,000
Therefore The entry to record this event would include a gain of $6,000
A company has total revenue of $50,000,000, cost of sales of $40,000,000, operating expenses of $5,000,000, and financing costs of $2,000,000. What are earnings per share if the company has 100,000 shares outstanding and no preferred stockholders
Answer:
$30
Explanation:
Earnings per share = earnings / total outstanding shares
Earnings = total revenue - total cost
total cost = $40,000,000 + $5,000,000 + $2,000,000 = $47,000,000
Earnings = $50,000,000 - $47,000,000 = $3,000,000
Earnings per share = $3,000,000 / 100,000 = $30
Estrada Corporation produced 204,000 watches that it sold for $18 each. The company determined that fixed manufacturing cost per unit was $9 per watch. The company reported a $816,000 gross margin on its financial statements. Required Determine the variable cost per unit, the total variable product cost, and the total contribution margin.
Variable cost per unit
Total sales 204,000 x $18 = $3,672,000
Gross margin (given) $816,000
COGS=Total Sales -Gross Margin ($3,672,000-816,000)= $2,856,000
Total Fixed Cost 204,000 x $9 = $1,836,000
COGS Total variable cost + total fixed cost 2,856,000-1,836,000=$1,020,000
variable cost per unit (1020,000/204,000)= $5
Contribution margin $2,652,000
Given:
Number of watch produced = 204,000
Selling price of each watch = $18
Fixed cost = $9 per watch
Gross margin = $816,000
Find:
Variable cost per unit
Total variable product cost
Total contribution margin
Computation:
Total sales Value = 204,000 × $18
Total sales Value = $3,672,000
Cost of goods sold = Total Sales - Gross Margin
Cost of goods sold = $3,672,000 - $816,000
Cost of goods sold = $2,856,000
Total Fixed Cost = 204,000 × $9
Total Fixed Cost = $1,836,000
Cost of goods sold = Total variable cost + Total fixed cost
So,
Total variable cost = $2,856,000 - $1,836,000
Total variable cost = $1,020,000
Variable cost per unit = $1020,000 / 204,000
Total variable cost = $5
Contribution margin = $3,672,000 - $1,020,000
Contribution margin = $2,652,000
Learn more:
https://brainly.com/question/19264460?referrer=searchResults
Suppose management estimated the market valuation of some obsolete inventory at $99,000; this inventory was recorded at $120,000, which resulted in recognizing a loss of $21,000. The auditors obtained the following information: The inventory in question could be sold for an amount between $78,000 and $92,000. The costs of advertising and shipping could range from $5,000 to $7,000.
Required:
a. Would you propose an audit adjustment to the management estimate?
b. Prepare the appropriate accounting entry.
Answer:
a. An audit adjustment is needed since the best case scenario, where the net realizable value is highest would result in $92,000 - $5,000 = $87,000.
b. the value of inventory must decerase by $99,000 - $87,000 = $12,000, so COGS must increase by that amount:
Dr Cost of goods sold 12,000
Cr Merchandise inventory 12,000
A trial balance is a(n) (list/balance/chart)
of accounts and their balances at a point in time and is used to confirm that the sum of debit account balances equals the sum of
account balances. Use one word for each blank.
Answer:
- List; credit
"A trial balance is a(n) list of accounts and their balances at a point in time and is used to confirm that the sum of debit account balances equals the sum of credit account balances."
Explanation:
'Trial Balance' is described as the 'statement of the balances of all nominal accounts in a double-entry ledger.' It is primarily made with the aim to examine the equality in the debit, as well as, credit balances. As per the accounting rules, the total value of the debits must be equal to the total of credit values. Any difference or discrepancy in the balance signals that an error has been made in the calculation or making the entries and certain transactions are missed out. Thus, the correct words would be 'list and credit.'
Suppose an economy starts the year with $100 million in capital, and during the course of a year, it adds $20 million of gross investment. Economists estimate that the depreciation rate for this economy is 9% per year.
Required:
a. Calculate depreciation and net investment for this economy.
b. Calculate the value of net exports.
Answer:
Correct word for question b. "Now calculate the amount of next year's beginning capital stock for this economy"
a. Begins the year with $100 million in capital. Depreciation rate is 9% per year
Depreciation = 9% * $100 million
Depreciation = 0.09 * $100 million\
Depreciation = $9 million
Gross investment = $20 million
Net investment = Gross investment - Depreciation
Net investment = $20 million - $9 million
Net investment = $11 million
b. Next year begining capital stock = Capital stock at the begining of previous year + Net investment
Next year begining capital stock = $100 million + $11 million
Next year begining capital stock = $111 million
Item 2 On July 1 of the current calendar year, Plum Co. paid $8,000 cash for management services to be performed over a two-year period beginning July 1. Plum follows a policy of recording all prepaid expenses to asset accounts at the time of cash payment. The adjusting entry on December 31 of the current year for Plum would include:
Answer:
- July 1st - December 31st (6 months)
- Here, $8,000 is paid for 2 years (24 months)
So, expenses for 6 month = $8,000 * 6/24 = $2,000
Date Journal Entry Debit Credit
Expense $2,000
Prepaid expense $2,000
(To record the expense)
who is the richest person in the world ?
Answer:
Jeffrey Preston Bezos
Explanation:
Jeffrey Preston Bezos is an American investor, business tycoon, media proprietor, and he is founder and executive chairman of Amazon. Although, he had served as the chief executive officer (CEO), president and chairman of Amazon before becoming its executive chairman.
He was born on the 12th of January, 1964 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
According to Forbes magazine, Jeff currently has an estimated net worth of two hundred and five (205) billion dollars, making him the richest man in the world and on Earth.
In conclusion, Jeffrey Preston Bezos is the richest person in the world.
Trey Morgan is an employee who is paid monthly. For the month of January of the current year, he earned a total of $4,538. The FICA tax for social security is 6.2% of the first $128,400 earned each calendar year, and the FICA tax rate for Medicare is 1.45% of all earnings for both the employee and the employer. The amount of federal income tax withheld from his earnings was $680.70. His net pay for the month is:_________
A) $3,857.30
B) $3,510.14
C) $4,538.00
D) $3,162.98
E) $4,190.84
Answer: $3,510.14
Explanation:
Trey Morgan's net pay will be amount remaining after deducting the FICA taxes for Social security and Medicare and the Federal income tax withheld.
The net pay is therefore:
= 4,538 - (4,538 * 6.2%) - (4,538 * 1.45%) - 680.70
= 4,538 - 281.356 - 65.801 - 680.70
= $3,510.14
Monty Corp. has been in business for several years. At the end of the current year, the ledger shows: Accounts Receivable $ 326,200 Dr. Sales Revenue 2,761,700 Cr. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 6,100 Cr. Uncollectible accounts are estimated to be 6% of accounts receivable. Prepare the entry to adjust Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below:
Bad debt expense Dr $13,472
To allowance for doubtful debts $13,472
(Being the bad debt expense is recorded)
The bad debt expense is
= 6% of $326,200 - $6,100
= $13,472
Here the bad debt expense is debited as it increased the assets and credited the allowance for doubtful debts
Based upon the following data for a business with a periodic inventory system, determine the cost of merchandise sold for August. Merchandise inventory, August 1 $ 96,610 Merchandise inventory, August 31 100,530 Purchases 254,660 Purchases returns and allowances 13,340 Purchases discounts 6,320 Freight in 4,070Cost of Merchandise Sold for August = ______.
Answer:
Cost of merchandise = $235150
Explanation:
Below is the calculations:
Cost of merchandise = Opening inventory - ending inventory + purchases - purchase return - purchase discount + freight
Now plug the value in the above formula:
Cost of merchandise = 96610 - 100530 + 254660 - 13340 - 6320 +4070
Cost of merchandise = $235150
A project with an initial investment of $460,100 will generate equal annual cash flows over its 11-year life. The project has a required return of 8.2 percent. What is the minimum annual cash flow required to accept the project
Answer: $65,075.85
Explanation:
Given that the cash flow should be constant, it will be an annuity.
The initial investment will be the present value of this annuity.
Present value of annuity = Annuity * ( 1 - (1 + rate)^-number of periods) / rate
460,100 = Annuity * ( 1 - (1 + 8.2%) ⁻¹¹) / 8.2%
460,100 = Annuity * 7.070211525
Annuity = 460,100 / 7.070211525
= $65,075.85
Molly sells bracelets to Jean's Place, a boutique store. Molly is scheduled to deliver 100 bracelets on July 1. On June 15, Jean, the owner of Jean's Place calls Molly and says "I might not be able to pay for your bracelets." Molly does not deliver the bracelets on July 1. Jean can probably recover from Molly for breach of contract. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: False
Explanation:
The contract is such that Molly agreed to bring bracelets if Jean would pay for said bracelets.
The terms of the contract therefore are that Jean would pay and Molly would deliver. Jean then calls Molly and says that they will be unable to pay which means that they are not going to be able to hold up their responsibilities in the contract.
Molly has the right to then cancel the contract because the other party will not be able to perform their obligations and face no repercussion for it.
Match the elements of the marketing mix to the scenarios that portray them.
product
price
place
promotion
price-a company decides on the worth of a product, keeping in mind the disposable income of its customers.
promotion-a company raises awareness about a revolutionary medication that guarantees reduction in hair loss
product-something offered to customers in return for a pre-decided value
place-the most feasible location for selling the goods
Travis and Andrea were divorced in 2017. Their only marital property consisted of a personal residence (fair market value of $400,000, cost of $200,000), and publicly traded stocks (fair market value of $800,000, cost basis of $500,000). Under the terms of the divorce agreement, Andrea received the personal residence and Travis received the stocks. In addition, Andrea was to receive $50,000 for eight years. I. If the $50,000 annual payments are to be made to Andrea or her estate (if she dies before the end of the eight years), the payments will qualify as alimony. II. Andrea has a taxable gain from an exchange of her one-half interest in the stocks for Travis' one-half interest in the house and cash. III. If Travis sells the stocks for $900,000, he must recognize a $400,000 gain. a.I, II, and III are true. b.Only III is true. c.Only I and II are true. d.Only I and III are true.
Answer: B. b.Only III is true.
Explanation:
It should be noted that in order to qualify as an alimony, then the cash payments have to stop when the payer dies.
It should be noted that the $50,000 annual payments that are to be made to Andrea or her estate if she dies before the end of the eight years doesn't qualify as alimony.
Therefore, the correct option will be that If Travis sells the stocks for $900,000, he must recognize a $400,000 gain.
Therefore, only III is correct.
Frank is a 60- year-old man who is well-loved in his community since he was a boy. He is someone who is outgoing, a party lover, and love to have fun hanging out with peers. Frank is confident about life. From an early age he knew exactly what he wanted to become, and now as a man, he is confident about his career and family and want to leave them a good life when he departs this life. Frank express that he is not afraid of dying but he wants them to be ok when he is gone.
At work Frank is helpful to his colleagues, and even in his community he is well-known among the elderly since he is always putting on Christmas treats for them.
Imagine that Frank is your colleague, and that your boss asks you to write a character reference for Frank. Using Jung’s personality theory to guide your writing, present a minimum one- page character reference in which you spell out Franks behaviour, his outlook on life, his philosophy about people and all the other important things you know about him. Ensure you point out how these different parts of Franks life fits into Jung’s theory and overall what Jung’s theoretical concept says about him.
Answer:
I had a friend named Frank. He is a good friend of mine.I know him for more than 40 years. He has been with me in all my struggles and my happiness.I am very lucky to have a friend like him. He is not only a good friend of mine he is a good human being.He is friendly and kind to all the people.He is a well behaved person and respectful for everyone he meet.From his childhood he has a burning desire to achieve in life.He studies well and gives 100% in whatever he do.He works passionate in whatever he does.I got all my confidence from him.He had supported my in all my studies and also motivated me to achieve in my life.He got a good family and supported his family and gave them the best as he can.Even after his death he made everything ready for his family so that they will not suffer from his loss.I have never met such a person in my life.I am very ,much thankful for them and really it is a nice platform for me to thank him and i am very happy to write about him.
Explanation:
I had a friend named Frank. He is a good friend of mine.I know him for more than 40 years. He has been with me in all my struggles and my happiness.I am very lucky to have a friend like him. He is not only a good friend of mine he is a good human being.He is friendly and kind to all the people.He is a well behaved person and respectful for everyone he meet.From his childhood he has a burning desire to achieve in life.He studies well and gives 100% in whatever he do.He works passionate in whatever he does.I got all my confidence from him.He had supported my in all my studies and also motivated me to achieve in my life.He got a good family and supported his family and gave them the best as he can.Even after his death he made everything ready for his family so that they will not suffer from his loss.I have never met such a person in my life.I am very ,much thankful for them and really it is a nice platform for me to thank him and i am very happy to write about him.
Which 3 statements about the Client request functionality are correct? Selecting Create client request on the Work screen begins the process Checking the Notify client checkbox means the client will be sent an email You can't add attachments to a client request You can request documents from a non-QuickBooks Online client To update the status of a client request, select the request and then the Status drop-down
Answer: • Selecting Create client request on the Work screen begins the process.
• Checking the Notify client checkbox means the client will be sent an email.
• To update the status of a client request, select the request and then the Status drop-down.
Explanation:
QuickBooks refers to an online accounting software that's utilized by several businesses and can be used in the request of information from ones clients.
From the options given, the statements about the client request functionality which are correct include:
• Selecting Create client request on the Work screen begins the process.
• Checking the Notify client checkbox means the client will be sent an email.
• To update the status of a client request, select the request and then the Status drop-down.
Suppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of increased premiums associated with workersâ compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $25 per hour to $21 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as "goods," that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Albert and Sid's opportunity set is presented below:What is the value of A when the wage is $25?What is the value of A when the wage is $21?At the wage of $25 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 14 hours of leisure (and equivalently supply 10 hours of labor). After wages were cut to $21, Albert consumes 12 hours of leisure and Sid consumes 16 hours of leisure. Determine the number of hours of labor each worker supplies at a wage of $21 per hour:Albert's supply of labor = _______Sid's supply of labor = ________How can you explain the seemingly contradictory result that the workers supply a different number of labor hours?A. Albert has no income effect, and Sid has no substitution effect when the wage declines to $21.B. Albert's substitution effect dominates his income effect when the wage declines to $21, and vice versa for Sid.C. Albert has no substitution effect, and Sid has no income effect when the wage declines to $21.D. Albert's income effect dominates his substitution effect when the wage declines to $21, and vice versa for Sid.
Your uncle repays a $150 loan from Tenth National Bank (TNB) by writing a $150 check from his TNB checking account. Assume these funds are the only loans and deposits available for your uncle and the bank.
Required:
Write the T-account table.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
The T-account for your uncle before the loan is repaid will be:
Your Uncle:
Assets: Bank accounts $150
Liabilities: Loan $150
Tenth National Bank
Assets: Loan and advance $150
Liabilities: Deposits $150
The T-account and TNB for your uncle after the loan is repaid will be:
Your Uncle
Assets: Bank account $0
Liabilities: Loan $0
Tenth National Bank
Assets: Loan and advance $0
Liabilities: Deposits $0
Arya has a homeowner’s policy that covers up to $400,000. Her house is completely destroyed in a fire. When an assessment is made of the house and possessions, it is decided that her losses are only worth about $350,000. How much money will Arya receive from her insurer (assuming there is no deductible)? A. $50,000 B. $200,000 C. $350,000 D. $400,000
Answer:
C: 350,000$
Explanation:
If there is no deductible then the insurance would pay the damges. Damages were 350,00$
Based on the following information from Scranton Company's balance sheet, calculate the current ratio.
Current assets $87,000
Investments 50,000
Plant assets 220,000
Current liabilities 39,000
Long-term liabilities 90,000
Retained earnings 228,000
Answer:
2.23
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the current ratio
Using this formula
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Where,
Current Assets = $87,000
Current Liabilities = $39,000
Let plug in the formula
Current Ratio = $87,000 / $39,000
Current Ratio = 2.23
Therefore Current Ratio is 2.23
On June 15, Oakley Inc. sells inventory on account to Sunglass Hut (SH) for $4,500, terms 4/10, n/30. On June 20, SH returns to Oakley inventory that SH had purchased for $1,000. On June 24, SH completely fulfills its obligation to Oakley by making a cash payment. What is the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley
Answer: $3360
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley will be calculated as thus:
SH will be entitled to a discount of 4% since the payment was made within the discount period, therefore, the discount that is applicable will be:
= $4500 - $1000
= $3,500
Therefore, the amount of cash payment that is made by SH to Oakley will be:
= $3,500 - (4% × $3,500)
= $3500 - (0.04 × $3500)
= $3500 - $140
= $3360
Therefore, the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley is $3360.
Grays Company uses a perpetual inventory system. On May 1, the company had inventory of 20 units at a cost of $8 each. On May 3, it purchased 30 units at $10 each. 22 units are sold on May 6. Under the weighted average inventory costing method, what amount will be reported as cost of goods sold for the 22 units that were sold
Answer: $9.20
Explanation:
Using the weighted average inventory costing method, the price is abased on the number of units and their price.
The above inventory cost would be calculated as follows:
= [ (Opening units * Cost of units) + (Units purchased * Cost of purchase) ] / Total units in inventory
= [ (20 * 8) + (30 * 10) ] / (20 units + 30 units)
= [ 160 + 300 ] / 50
= $9.20
Which ratio measures the number of dollars of operating cash available to meet each dollar of interest and other fixed charges that the firm owes?
Answer:
Fixed-charge coverage ratio
Explanation:
The fixed-charge coverage ratio can be regarded as a rato that gives the measurements of the ability of a firm have to cover all her fixed charges. These fixed charges could be expense as well as debt payments and interest. It displays the wellness that earnings of a company has to cover its fixed expenses. This ratio is considered by bank before they lend money to a business. It should be noted that Fixed-charge coverage ratio measures the number of dollars of operating cash available to meet each dollar of interest and other fixed charges that the firm owes.