what is the nuclear binding energy per mole if the mass defect of a certain isotope is 0.1172 u per atom or 0.1172 g per mol? express your answer in joules. remember to use self-consistent units.

Explanation:

Fermentation: When yeast is added to the dough, it begins to ferment the sugars present in the dough, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide helps to leaven the dough, while the ethanol is mostly evaporated during baking.

Maillard reaction: During baking, the heat causes a reaction between the amino acids and sugars in the dough, producing a wide range of compounds that give bread its characteristic flavor and aroma. This reaction is known as the Maillard reaction.

Protein denaturation: The heat of baking causes the proteins in the dough to denature, or lose their native conformation. This helps to give bread its texture and structure, and also contributes to the development of its crust.

The amount, in moles, of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] would be 6 moles.

[tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made from magnesium and chlorine molecules according to the following equation:

[tex]MgCl_2 --- > Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^-[/tex]

From the above equation, 1 mole of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made up of 1 mole of Mg and 2 moles of Cl.

Following this established ratio, the amount of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of  [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows:

1 mole [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 moles of Cl

3 moles  [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 x 3/1

                           = 6 moles of Cl

In other words, 6 moles of Cl would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex].

More on stoichiometric calculations can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/27287858

#SPJ1

The amount, in liters, of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3 M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution would be 0.94 L.

According to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of moles of solutes after dilution. This is mathematically expressed as:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are molarities before and after dilution, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are volumes before and after dilution.

In this case, [tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL.

Let's find [tex]v_1[/tex]:

[tex]v_1[/tex] =  [tex]m_2v_2[/tex] /[tex]m_1[/tex]

  = 0.3x1000/5

  = 60 mL

In other words, the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. This volume has to be diluted by water to the 1000 mL mark. Thus, the amount of water to be added would be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In summary, 0.94 L of water will be required to prepare the solution.

More on dilution problems can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/29093084

#SPJ1

Answer: Diurnal temperature range is the difference between __maximum______ and ____minimum____ temperature each ___1 day______.

Explanation:

Answer: The hybridization that is involved in SF4 is sp3d type. Here will learn and understand how to determine SF4 hybridization. We will discuss the steps in detail.

Name of the Molecule Sulphur Tetrafluoride

Molecular Formula = SF4

Hybridization Type = sp3d

Bond Angle = 102o and 173o

Geometry = see-saw

Explanation:

In order to determine the hybridization of sulphur tetrafluoride, you have to first understand its Lewis structure and the number of valence electrons that are present. The SF4 molecule consists of a total of 34 valence electrons. Here 6 will come from sulphur and each of the four fluorine atoms will have 7 electrons.

During the formation of SF4, the sulphur atom will form bonds with each of the fluorine atoms where 8 valence electrons are used. Meanwhile, the four fluorine atoms will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in their octet which will further utilize 24 valence electrons. In addition, two electrons will be kept as lone pairs in the sulphur atom. Now we can determine sulphur’s hybridization by taking a count of the number of regions of electron density.

When bonding takes place there is a formation of 4 single bonds in sulphur and it has 1 lone pair. Looking at this, we can say that the number of regions of electron density is 5.

EXTERNAL LINKS :

https://www.chemtube3d.com/vseprshapesf4/

https://geometryofmolecules.com/sf4-lewis-structure-polarity/

Answer:

Gravity

Explanation:

Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.

This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.

However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.

Read more about Alcohol here https://brainly.com/question/2231540

#SPJ1

Atoms of different element can not have same atomic number because only same type of atoms combine to form element. Atoms belonging to different element can have different atomic number. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Chemicals in the paint absorb light energy in a process called phosphorescence, radioactive elements keep the glow going.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

To know more about element, here:

https://brainly.com/question/8460633

#SPJ1

The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

Each electron resides in the orbital with the , in accordance with the Auf Bau Principle.

According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold no more than two electrons. According to Hund's rule, electrons enter various orbitals within a single sub-level before doubling up within orbitals.

We have seen how the quantity and kind of valence electrons play a crucial role in establishing the chemical characteristics of a specific element. Due to their propensity to lose their single valence, Group 1A metals are extremely reactive.

Therefore, The electrons in an atom are depicted in orbital diagrams in visual form. For creating orbital diagrams, three rules are helpful.

To learn more about orbital diagram, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/28809808

#SPJ1

Neil Bohr used the fluorescent screen and an alpha particle detector to study the structure of an atom.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.

The atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

Learn more about atom,here:

https://brainly.com/question/13654549

#SPJ1

Answer: The answer is false

Explanation:

The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.

CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)

At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L

we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2

S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L

[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L

now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2

= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2

= 4.14 x 10^ -11

To learn more about solubility visit:https://brainly.com/question/29661360

#SPJ4

The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.

The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.

To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V

Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.

Learn more about molarity below.

https://brainly.com/question/14469428

#SPJ1

Sedimentary rock layers are referred to as rock strata.

A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks.

The sediment grains that are deposited by water, wind, or ice become sedimentary rocks. They are always formed in layers and are referred to as "beds" or "strata," and frequently include fossils.

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation are the processes that result in the formation of these horizontal layers. Newer layers are deposited and created during this process on top of older layers, allowing for the relative dating of each layer.

Learn more about rocks on:

https://brainly.com/question/25846908

#SPJ1

n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus, l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape, ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

n is known Principal quantum number

l is known Azimuthal quantum number

ml is known Magnetic quantum number

The energy and usual distance from the nucleus are described by the fundamental quantum number, or n.

The subshell and orbit's shape are described by the orbital quantum number, or l.

The orbit's direction is described by the magnetic quantum number, ml.

So, n specifies B. The energy and average distance from the nucleus.

l specifies C. The subshell - orbital shape.

ml specifies A. The orbital orientation.

Thus, n specifies B., l specifies C., ml specifies A.

To learn more about Orbitals, Here :

https://brainly.com/question/29065230?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

Nonmetal oxides form acid solutions. SO2, Cl2O, and N2O5 are acid solutions.

A chemical that offers off hydrogen ions in water and paperwork salts through combining with positive metals. Acids have a sour flavor and turn positive dyes purple. a few acids made by using the body, such as gastric acid, can assist organs work the way they must. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid.

An acidic solution has a high attention of hydrogen ions, H +start superscript, plus, stop superscript, greater than that of pure water. An acidic solution is a liquid combination that happens when hydrogen ions are launched while mixed with water. This definition is known as the Brønsted-Lowry theory: acids provide hydrogen protons, at the same time as bases "accept" hydrogen protons. some answers are more acidic than others.

Learn more about acid solutions here:- https://brainly.com/question/14102151

#SPJ4

When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.

Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.

The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.

It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:

                                              NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)

Initial conc. (in M)                     1                   -                 -

At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5          0.5          0.5

The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,

pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}[/tex]  _ _ _(i)

But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.

Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.

This is achieved by using the relation

Kb = [tex]\frac{Kw}{Ka}[/tex]

or,  -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka

or,  pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75

where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).

Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75

Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact

pOH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[base]}[/tex]  _ _ _(ii)

where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻]  or,  pOH + pH = pKw = 14    or,   pOH = 14 - pH

Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives

14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,

pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ [tex]\frac{0.50}{0.50}[/tex]

     = 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )

     = 9.25 - 0

pH = 9.25

Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.

To learn more about pH calculations, Here :

https://brainly.com/question/27991105?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.

The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:

1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.

2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined

3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.

4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.

5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur

6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function

To learn more about protein synthesis visit: https://brainly.com/question/29765585

#SPJ1

The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of this buffer is  5.14. pH is a unitless quantity.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.

0.18 M =NH₃

0.27 M= NH₄Cl.

Kb of NH₃ = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵

pKb = - log (kb)

      = - log (1.8 × 10⁻⁵)

       = 4.74

Using Henderson equation

pH = Pkb +ln [ NH₄Cl ]/ [NH₃]

    = 4.74 + ln (0.27 /0.18)

    = 5.14

Therefore, the pH of this buffer is 5.14.

To learn more about pH, here:

https://brainly.com/question/27945512

#SPJ1

The adding of an acid or base to a buffer seems to have no effect on the pH of the buffer. In contrast, going to add acid or base to unbuffered water drastically changes the pH.

Any hydrogen-containing substance skilled of making a donation a proton (hydrogen ion) to that other substance is defined as an acid. A base is a compound or ion that really can accept an acid's hydrogen ion. The sour flavours of weak acids is generally described by the contaminant that emits hydrogen ions in water and formation salts by incorporating with these metals. Acids have a bitter aftertaste and cause certain dyes to turn red. buffer is an aqueous solution that withstands adjustments in pH upon on the addition of either an acid or a base". Furthermore, adding water to a buffer or going to allow it to evaporate from of the buffer has no significant effect just on pH of the buffer.

Learn more about ph here:

https://brainly.com/question/29766400

#SPJ4

If XeF2 is polar or nonpolar based on the Lewis Structure and the molecular geometry (shape).

To learn more about molecules refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/475709

#SPJ4

Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.

The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.

so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.

Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is

Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.

Learn more about boiling point here:

https://brainly.com/question/40140

#SPJ4

Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.

Total energy:

The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.

Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.

Potential Energy:

In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.

Learn more about Potential Energy:

https://brainly.com/question/24284560

#SPJ4

The following statement is false about crystal field theory : the color of a coordination compound is the color of light absorbed.

Crystal field theory (CFT) describes how a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution breaks degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals (anion neighbours).

Hans Bethe, a physicist, developed the crystal field theory (CFT) for crystalline solids in 1929.

The following is how Crystal Field Theory explains the colors of coordination compounds: The splitting of a d-orbital into multiple orbitals is known as crystal field splitting. When white light strikes the compound, an electron moves into a higher state, absorbing a specific wavelength of light.

For more information on Crystal field theory (CFT), visit :

https://brainly.com/question/29389010

#SPJ4

The rate of effusion of substance A is 3 times the rate of effusion of substance B, and molar mass of A is 4g/mol, then molar mass of B is 36g/mol.

Graham Law:

The rate of effusion of a gaseous substance is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This is called Graham's Law

R = k/√M

where k is constant and m is molar mass of the substance.

rate of effusion of substance A is 3 times the rate of effusion of substance B.

molar mass of substance A is 4.00g/mol

Ra = 3Rb

Ra/Rb = √Mb/√Ma

3Rb/Rb = √Mb/√4

3 = √Mb/2

√Mb = 6

Mb = 36

so, molar mass of substance B is 36g/mol.

learn more about rate of effusion:

https://brainly.com/question/8804761

#SPJ4

Answer:due to unequal heating

Explanation:

16 is the mass of this atom.

The Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8 and has a mass number of 16. Upon accepting 2 electrons it becomes O2-. The mass number is defined as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the molecule. So here for O2- it contains 8 protons,8 neutrons and 10 electrons.

To know more about atom

https://brainly.com/question/1566330

The principle quantum number(n) for this atom is 5

The position in an atom's shells and the size of an electron orbital are described by the primary quantum number, which is the most significant. The quantum number connected to the angular momentum of an atomic electron is called the azimuthal quantum number.

The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom [tex]E_{n} = -0.544eV[/tex]

For hydrogen, Z = 1

The principal quantum number for [tex]n[/tex] for this atom is calculated by for this atom is determined using Bohr's atomic model,

So that [tex]E_{n} = \frac{-13.6(Z)^{2}}{n^{2}}eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

Where [tex]n[/tex] is the principal quantum number, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy, and [tex]Z[/tex] is the atomic number The values are substituted,

=> [tex]-0.544eV = -\frac{13.6(1)^{2}}{n^{2}} eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]n^{2} = -\frac{13.6}{-0.544} \\n^{2} = 25\\n = 5[/tex]

Learn more about Bohr's atomic model:

brainly.com/question/18642660

#SPJ4

The experimental set up in B is to observe the growth the green beans without the addition of fertilizer. Thus, we can compare the growth of the plant with and without fertilizer and thereby we can understand the effect the fertilizer on the plant growth.

Fertilizers are chemical substances used to nourish the plants by making the soil rich in nutrients and minerals. Plants needs minerals along with water such as potassium, calcium, phosphorous, nitrogen etc.

Sometimes the soil comes deficient of these minerals and we have to fertilize the soli by the addition of the chemicals containing these minerals. Hence, fertilizers provide a nutrient rich soil for plant growth.

The experimental set up with fertilizer added plant and the second one (B) without fertilizer helps to compare the growth in both conditions and we can clearly understand how fertilizers effect the growth of plants by comparing the plant growth in A and B.

To find more on fertilizers, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/24196345

#SPJ1

Magnesium and calcium are 2nd group elements with 2 valence electrons. They are metals in room temperature and easily lose these electrons to nonmetals such as oxygen.

Magnesium is 12th element in periodic table. It is 2nd group element and is a called alkaline earth metals. Its group members are calcium, strontium, and barium.

They contains 2 valence electrons which can be easily lost to a non-metal. Oxygen is highly electronegative element and it contains 6 valence electrons and need two more electrons to achieve octet.

Al is 13th group element it is not as much electropositive as alkaline earth metals. It contains 3 valence electrons and thus it need to lose all these 3 electrons to achieve octet. Hence, Al is less reactive towards O2 in comparison with Mg and Ca.

To find more on metal oxides, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/22966565

#SPJ1