The element which can not loose electron easily and having electronagtive character is called non-metal it has following property-1. it can not conduct heat and electricity1. it is netiher ductile not malleable3. it is not lsuturous and also not sonorous
Answer:
Non-metals are the elements which form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons. Non-metals usually have 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost shell. Non-metals are those which lack all the metallic attributes. They are good insulators of heat and electricity. They are mostly gases and sometimes liquid.
The literature value for the Ksp of Ca(OH)2 at 25 °C is 4.68E−6. Imagine you ran the experiment and got a calculated value for Ksp which was too high. Select all of the possible circumstances which would cause this result.
A. The HCl was more concentrated than the labeled molarity (0.0500 M).
B. The Ca[OH]2 solution may have been supersaturated.
C. The HCl was less concentrated than the labeled molarity (0.0500 M).
D. The Ca[OH]2 solution may have been unsaturated.
E. The titration flask may have not been clean and had a residue of a basic solution.
F. The titration flask may have not been clean and had a residue of an acidic solution.
Answer:
D. The Ca[OH]2 solution may have been unsaturated
Explanation:
The solubility product constant Ksp of any given chemical compound is a term used to describe the equilibrium between a solid and the ions it contains solution. The value of the Ksp indicates the extent to which any compound can dissociate into ions in water. A higher the Ksp, implies more greater solubility of the compound in water.
If the Ksp is more than the value in literature, this false value must have arisen from the fact that the solution was unsaturated hence it appears to be more soluble than it should normally be when saturated.
Aqueous potassium nitrate (KNO3) and solid silver bromide are formed by the reaction of aqueous potassium bromide and aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3). Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction
Answer:
For the mentioned reaction, the balanced chemical equation is:
KBr (aq) + AgNO3 (s) ⇒ KNO3 (aq) + AgBr (s)
The number written in front of the ion, atoms, and molecules in a chemical reaction so that each of the elements on both the sides of reactants and products of the equation gets balanced is known as the stoichiometric coefficient.
From the mentioned balanced equation, the stoichiometric coefficient before KBr is 1, AgNO3 is 1, KNO3 is 1, as well as before AgBr is also 1. Thus, it is clear that 1 mole of potassium bromide reacts with 1 mole of silver nitrate to produce 1 mole of potassium nitrate and 1 mole of silver bromide.
Which of the following represents a compound made of five molecules? CO 5 C 2O 5 C 5O 5CO 2
Answer:
Co5
Please mark me brainliest so that I get encouraged to make more great answers like this one!
Answer:
GUYS ITS 5CO 2
Explanation:
Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide are combined. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank. If needed, use H for the hydronium ion.)
Answer:
The net ionic reaction is : H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) ---> H₂O (l)
Explanation:
The reaction between aqueous solutions of hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide is an example of a neutralization reaction.
A neutralization reaction is a reaction between and acid and an abase to produce salt and water only.
Hydrofluoric acid is the acid while sodium hydroxide is the base. during the reaction the hydrofluoric acid will produce hydrogen and fluoride ions, while sodium hydroxide will produce hydroxide and sodium ions. The hydroxide and hydrogen ions will combine to produce water while the sodium and fluoride ions remain in solution as ions.
The equation of the reaction is as follows:
H⁺F⁻ (aq) + Na⁺OH⁻ (aq) ----> Na⁺F⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l)
Since the sodium and fluoride ions appear on both sides of the equation, they are known as spectator ions and are cancelled out to give the net ionic equation.
The net ionic reaction is : H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) ---> H₂O (l)
A soft drink contains 63 g of sugar in 378 g of H2O. What is the concentration of sugar in the soft drink in mass percent
Answer:
[tex]\% m/m= 14.3\%[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the by mass percent is computed as shown below:
[tex]\% m/m=\frac{m_{solute}}{m_{solute}+m_{solvent}} *100\%[/tex]
Whereas the solute is the sugar and the solvent the water, therefore, the concentration results:
[tex]\% m/m=\frac{63g}{63g+378g} *100\%\\\\\% m/m= 14.3\%[/tex]
Best regards.
If the theoretical yield of a reaction is 332.5 g and the percent yield for the reaction is 38 percent, what's the actual yield of product in grams? \
A. 8.74 g
B. 12616 g
C. 116.3 g
D. 126.4 g
Answer: D - 126.4g
Explanation:
% Yield = Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield
38% = Actual Yield/332.5
38/100 = Actual Yield/332.5
(.38)(332.5) = 126.35 g = 126.4 g Actual Yield
Answer:
is D. the correct answer
Explanation:
I'm not sure if it is. Please let me know if I'm mistaking.
Calculate [OH-] given [H3O+] in each aqueous solution and classify the solution as acidic or basic. [H3O+] = 2.6 x 10-8 M
Answer:
To calculate the [OH-] in the solution we must first find the pOH
That's
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH
First to find the pH we use the formula
pH = - log [H3O+]From the question
[H3O+]= 2.6 × 10^-8 M
pH = - log 2.6 × 10^-8
pH = 7.6
pH = 8
So we pOH is
pOH = 14 - 8 = 6
To find the [OH-] we use the formula
pOH = - log [OH-]6 = - log [OH-]
Find antilog of both sides
[OH-] = 1.0 × 10^-6 MThe solution is slightly basic since it's pH is in the basic region and slightly above the neutral point 7
Hope this helps you
discuss four factors of learning
Answer:
plz mark as BRAINLIEST plz...
Explanation:
●Intellectual factor: The term refers to the individual mental level. ...
●Learning factors: ...
●Physical factors: ...
●Mental factors: ...
243
Am
95
1. The atomic symbol of americium-243 is shown. Which of the following is correct?
• A. The atomic mass is 243 amu, and the atomic number is 95.
B. The atomic mass is 338 amu, and the atomic number is 95.
• C. The atomic mass is 95 amu, and the atomic number is 243.
D. The atomic mass is 243 amu, and the atomic number is 338.
Answer:
A. The atomic mass is 243 amu, and the atomic number is 95.
Question 14 (5 points)
What's the acid ionization constant for an acid with a pH of 2.11 and an equilibrium
concentration of 0.30 M?
O A) 4.87x10-8
B) 1.99x10-6
C) 3.32x10-4
OD) 2.01x10-4
Answer:
D) 2.01 x 10⁻⁴ .
Explanation:
pH = 2.11
[ H⁺ ] = [tex]10^{-2.11}[/tex]
Let the acid be HA
It will ionise as follows .
HA ⇄ H⁺ + A⁻
in equilibrium .30 [tex]10^{-2.11}[/tex] [tex]10^{-2.11}[/tex]
Acid ionisation constant Ka = [tex]\frac{(10^{-2.11})^2}{0.3}[/tex]
= 2 x 10⁻⁴
Answer:
D) 2.01 x 10⁻⁴ is correct!
Explanation:
I got it in class!
Hope this Helps!! :))
When 0.100 M NaOH is titrated with 25.00 mL 0.0500 M HBr, which of the following is correct for this titration?
A. Initially the pH will be less than 1.00.
B. The pH at the equivalence point will be 7.00.
C. It will require 12.50 mL of NaOH to reach the equivalence point.
When 0.100 M NaOH is titrated with 25.00 mL 0.0500 M HBr, which of the following is correct for this titration?
A. Initially the pH will be less than 1.00.
B. The pH at the equivalence point will be 7.00.
C. It will require 12.50 mL of NaOH to reach the equivalence point.
a)A, C
b) A, B
c) B, C
d) B
Answer:
c) B, C
Explanation:
NaOH(aq) + HBr(aq) -----> NaBr(aq) +H2O(l)
1) concentration of acid CA= 0.05 M
Concentration of base CB= 0.1 M
Volume of acid VA= 25.00ml
Volume of base VB= unknown
Number of moles of acid NA= 1
Number of moles of base NB= 1
CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB
CAVANB =CBVBNA
VB= CAVANB/CB NB
VB= 0.05 × 25 × 1/ 0.1 ×1
VB= 12.5 ML
2.
In the pictured cell, the side containing zinc is the Choose... and the side containing copper is the Choose... . The purpose of the N a 2 S O 4 NaX2SOX4 is to
Answer:
Zinc- anode
Copper- cathode
Sodium sulphate- salt bridge
Explanation:
A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell in which electrical energy is produced by a spontaneous chemical reaction.
In the pictured galvanic cell, zinc is the anode since it looses electrons according to the reaction; Zn(s) -----> Zn^2+(aq) + 2e
Copper is the cathode as shown here; Cu^2+(aq) + 2e ----> Cu(s)
Sodium sulphate functions as the salt bridge. It keeps the both solutions neutral by ensuring charge balance in the both half cells.
Answer:
zinc=anode
copper=cathode
Explanation:
Consider the following chemical equation: NH4NO3(s)⟶NH+4(aq)+NO−3(aq) What is the standard change in free energy in kJmol at 298.15K? The heat of formation data are as follows: ΔH∘f,NH4NO3(s)=-365.6kJmolΔH∘f,NH+4(aq)=-132.5kJmolΔH∘f,NO−3(aq)=-205.0kJmol The standard entropy data are as follows: S∘NH4NO3(s)=151.1Jmol KS∘NH+4(aq)=113.4Jmol KS∘NO−3(aq)=146.4Jmol K Your answer should include two significant figures.
Answer:
[tex]\Delta _rG=-4.3\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the given dissociation reaction, we can compute the enthalpy of reaction considering the enthalpy of formation of each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rH=\Delta _fH_{NH^{4+}}+\Delta _fH_{NO_3^-}-\Delta _fH_{NH_4NO_3}\\\\\Delta _rH=-132.5+(-205.0)-(-365.6)=28.1kJ/mol[/tex]
Next, the entropy of reaction considering the standard entropy for each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rS=S_{NH^{4+}}+S_{NO_3^-}-S_{NH_4NO_3}\\\\\Delta _rS=113.4+146.4-151.1=108.7J/mol*K[/tex]
Next, since the Gibbs free energy of reaction is computed in terms of both the enthalpy and entropy of reaction at the given temperature (298.15 K), we finally obtain (two significant figures):
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _rH-T\Delta _rS\\\\\Delta _rG=28.1kJ/mol-(298.15 K)(108.7\frac{J}{mol*K}*\frac{1kJ}{1000J} )\\\\\Delta _rG=-4.3\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Best regards.
11mg of cyanide per kilogram of body weight is lethal for 50% of domestic chickens. If a chicken weighs 3kg, how many grams of cyanide would it need to ingest to kill 50% of domestic chickens?
Answer:
[tex]0.033g[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since 11 mg per kilogram of body weight has the given lethality, the mg that turn out lethal for a chicken weighting 3 kg is computed by using a rule of three:
[tex]11mg\longrightarrow 1kg\\\\?\ \ \ \ \ \ \longrightarrow 3kg[/tex]
Thus, we obtain:
[tex]?=\frac{3kg*11mg}{1kg}\\ \\?=33mg[/tex]
That in grams is:
[tex]=33mg*\frac{1g}{1000mg} \\\\=0.033g[/tex]
Regards.
Solution of the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom results in a set of functions (orbitals) that describe the behavior of the electron. Each function is characterized by 3 quantum numbers: n, l, and ml. If the value of n = 3 ... The quantum number l can have values from ? to ? . ... The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is ? . If the value of l = 3 ... The quantum number ml can have values from to ? . ... The total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel is ?? .
Answer:
1) The quantum number l can have values from
2 to 0
2)The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is 3'2=9
3) If the value of l = 3 ... The quantum number ml can have values from 3 to -3
The quantum number l determines the shape of the orbital. In this case, if the value of n is 3, then the quantum number l can have values from 0 to (3-1), which is 2.
The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level can be determined using the formula 2l + 1. So, for l = 0, there is 1 orbital. For l = 1, there are 3 orbitals. And for l = 2, there are 5 orbitals. Therefore, the total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
On the other hand, the quantum number ml represents the magnetic quantum number. It specifies the orientation of the orbital in space. The value of ml ranges from -l to +l. So, if the value of l is 3, then the quantum number ml can have values from -3 to +3.
The total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel can be determined using the formula 2ml + 1. So, for ml = -3, there is 1 orbital. For ml = -2, there is 3 orbitals. For ml = -1, there is 5 orbitals. For ml = 0, there is 7 orbitals. For ml = 1, there is 5 orbitals. For ml = 2, there is 3 orbitals. And for ml = 3, there is 1 orbital.
Therefore, the total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel is 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 25.
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Enter the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of each of the following carboxylic acids with KOH.Part Aacetic acidExpress your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).Part B2-methylbutanoic acid (CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH)Express your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).Part C4-chlorobenzoic acid (ClC6H4COOH)Express your answer as a chemical equation. Assume that there is no dissociation (i.e., enter only whole compounds, not ions).
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer in attached file .
How are pH and pOH ?
A. pH = 14 + pOH
B. pOH = 14 - pH
C. pOH = 14 + pH
D. pH = 14 - pOH
Answer:
B. pOH = 14 - pH and D. pH = 14 - pOH.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we must remember that pH and pOH are referred to a measure of acidity and basicity respectively, since pH accounts for the concentration of H⁺ and pOH for the concentration of OH⁻ in a solution. In such a way, since the maximum scale is 14, we say that the addition between the pH and pOH must be 14:
[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]
Therefore, the correct answers are B. pOH = 14 - pH and D. pH = 14 - pOH since the both of them are derived from the previous definition.
Best regards.
Answer:
D: by subtracting the pOH from 14.
Explanation:
When balancing redox reactions under acidic conditions, hydrogen is balanced by adding: Select the correct answer below:
a. hydrogen gas
b. water molecules
c. hydrogen atoms
d. hydrogen ions
Answer:
water molecules
Explanation:
Redox reactions are carried out under acidic or basic conditions as the case may be.
If the reaction is carried out in an acid medium, then we must balance the hydrogen ions on the lefthand side of the reaction equation with water molecules on the righthand side of the reaction equation.
For instance, the equation for reduction of MnO4^- under acidic condition is shown below;
MnO4^-(aq) + 5e + 8H^+(aq) --------> Mn^2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
g Solution of barium hydroxide reacts with phosphoric acid to produce barium phosphate precipitate and water. How many mL of 6.50 M calcium hydroxide solution are required to react with a phosphoric acid solution of 45.00 mL that has a concentration of 8.70 M protons (hydrogen ions)
Answer:
30.12 mL.
Explanation:
We'll begin by calculating the molarity of the phosphoric acid. This can be obtained as follow:
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 will dissociate in water as follow:
H3PO4(aq) <==> 3H^2+(aq) + PO4^3-(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of H3PO4 produces 3 moles of H+.
Therefore, XM H3PO4 will produce 8.70 M H+ i.e
XM H3PO4 = 8.70/3
XM H3PO4 = 2.9 M.
Therefore, the molarity of the acid solution, H3PO4 is 2.9 M.
Next, we shall write the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
2H3PO4 + 3Ba(OH)2 —> Ba3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
From the balanced equation above, we obtained the following:
Mole ratio of the acid, H3PO4 (nA) = 2
Mole ratio of the base, Ba(OH)2 (nB) = 3
Data obtained from the question include the following:
Molarity of base, Ba(OH)2 (Mb) = 6.50 M
Volume of base, Ba(OH)2 (Vb) =.?
Molarity of acid, H3PO4 (Ma) = 2.9 M
Volume of acid, H3PO4 (Va) = 45 mL
The volume of the base, Ba(OH)2 Needed for the reaction can be obtained as follow:
MaVa /MbVb = nA/nB
2.9 x 45 / 6.5 x Vb = 2/3
Cross multiply
2 x 6.5 x Vb = 2.9 x 45 x 3
Divide both side by 2 x 6.5
Vb = (2.9 x 45 x 3) /(2 x 6.5)
Vb = 30.12 mL
Therefore, the volume of the base, Ba(OH)2 needed for the reaction is 30.12 mL
The frequency of a signal is found to be 6389 with an uncertainty of 436 Hz. To the correct number of significant digits, it should be reported as:
Answer:
i hope it work
Explanation:
as
accurate reading range = reading ± uncertainty
so you have to say about accurate reading that its,lies in range
=(6389-436) →(6389+436)
=5953→6825
and the correct number of significant would be 3
Calculate a pressure at a point that is 100 m below the surface of sea water of density 1150 kgm?
Answer:
1229.08975 kPa
Explanation:
Given that:
The depth of the water = 100 m below the surface of the water.
The density of the water = 1150 kgm
The mass of the water = depth of the water × density of the water
The mass of the water = 100 m × 1150 kgm
The mass of the water = 115000 kgf/m²
The mass of the water is the pressure of the water at a depth of 100 m below the surface of the water.
Since 1 kgf/m² = 0.00980665 kPa
Then 115000 kgm² = (115000 × 0.00980665) kPa
= 1127.76475 kPa
At standard temperature and pressure , the atmospheric pressure = 101.325 kPa.
Therefore, the pressure below the surface of sea water = 1127.76475 kPa + 101.325 kPa
= 1229.08975 kPa
place the following substances in Order of decreasing boiling point H20 N2 CO
Answer:
-195.8º < -191.5º < 100º
Explanation:
Water, or H20, starts boiling at 100ºC.
Nitrogen, or N2, starts boiling at -195.8ºC.
Carbon monoxide, or C0, starts boiling at -191.5ºC.
When we place these in order from decreasing boiling point:
-195.8º goes first, then -191.5º, and 100º goes last.
Answer:
therefore, N2, CO, H20
Decreasing boiling point
Explanation:
the bond existing in H2O is hydrogen bond
bond existing in N2 is covalent bond, force existing is dipole-dipole-interaction
bond existing in CO is covalent bond , force existing between is induced -dipole- induced dipole-interaction
hydrogen bond is the strongest , followed by dipole-dipole-interaction and induced -dipole- induced dipole-interaction
the stronger the bond , the higher the boiling point
therefore, N2, CO, H20
-------------------------------------->
Decreasing boiling point
Consider the following practical aspects of titration.
(a) how can you tell when nearing the end point in titration?
(b) What volume of NaOH is required to permanently change the indicator at the end point?
(c) If KHP sample #1 requires 19.90 mL of NaOH solution to reach an end point, what volume is required for samples #2 and #3?
(d) if vinegar sample #1 requires 29.05 mL of NaOH solution to reach an endpoint, what volume is required for samole #2 and #3?
Answer:
A) when the titration is nearing the end point in titration the color of the solution starts to change and the change in color does not disappear as fast as it was during the beginning of the titration
B) The volume of NaOH required to permanently change the indicator at the end point is a drop of NaOH
c) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 19.90 mL of NaOH, if the concentration of KHP base used for the samples are the same
D) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 29.05 mL OF NaOH, if the concentration of Vinegar and base for the samples are the same
Explanation:
A) when the titration is nearing the end point in titration the color of the solution starts to change and the change in color does not disappear as fast as it was during the beginning of the titration
B) The volume of NaOH required to permanently change the indicator at the end point is a drop of NaOH
c) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 19.90 mL of NaOH, if the concentration of KHP base used for the samples are the same
D) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 29.05 mL OF NaOH, if the concentration of Vinegar and base for the samples are the same
The total kinetic energy of a body is known as:
A. Thermal energy
B. Convection
C. Potential energy
D. Temperature
The total kinetic energy of a body is known as Thermal energy. Option A
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy is the direct sum of all the available random kinetic energies of molecules.
Also note that thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature in Kelvin.
Thus, the total kinetic energy of a body is known as Thermal energy. Option A
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Answer:
A.) Thermal energy
Explanation:
I got it correct on founders edtell
4NH3(g) 5O2(g)4NO(g) 6H2O(g) Using standard thermodynamic data at 298K, calculate the free energy change when 1.81 moles of NH3(g) react at standard conditions.
Answer:
-434.14 kJ
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
4 NH₃(g) + 5 O₂(g) ⇒ 4 NO(g) + 6 H₂O(g)
Step 2: Calculate the standard free energy change (ΔG°r) for the reaction
We will use the following expression.
ΔG°r = 4 mol × ΔG°f(NO(g)) + 6 mol × ΔG°f(H₂O(g)) - 4 mol × ΔG°f(NH₃(g)) - 5 mol × ΔG°f(O₂(g))
ΔG°r = 4 mol × (86.55 kJ/mol) + 6 mol × (-228.57 kJ/mol) - 4 mol × (-16.45 kJ/mol) - 5 mol × (0 kJ/mol)
ΔG°r = -959.42 kJ
Step 3: Calculate the standard free energy change for 1.81 moles of NH₃
959.42 kJ are released per 4 moles of NH₃.
[tex]\frac{-959.42 kJ}{4mol} \times 1.81mol = -434.14 kJ[/tex]
Which of the examples is potassium?
es )
A)
B)
B
C)
Answer:
examples of things which contain potassium are:
green vegetables
root vegetables
fruits
potassium chloride
potassium sulphate
Explanation:
if you need a specific answer please send the options
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The answer is the one with 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 6-8-8-2 electrons.
How many moles of NaOH is needed to neutralize 45.0 ml of 0.30M H2SeO4? Question 2 options: A) 0.00675 B) 27.0 C) 0.027 D) 0.0135
Answer:
C) 0.027
Explanation:
In this case we can start with the reaction between [tex]NaOH[/tex] and [tex]H_2SeO_4[/tex], so:
[tex]H_2SeO_4~+~NaOH~->~Na_2SeO_4~+~H_2O[/tex]
We have an acid ([tex]H_2SeO_4[/tex]) and a base ([tex]NaOH[/tex]), therefore we will have an acid-base reaction in which a salt is produced ([tex]Na_2SeO_4[/tex]) and water ([tex]H_2O[/tex]).
Now we can balance the reaction:
[tex]H_2SeO_4~+~2NaOH~->~Na_2SeO_4~+~2H_2O[/tex]
If we have the volume (45 mL= 0.045 L) and the concentration (0.3 M) of the acid we can calculate the moles using the molarity equation:
[tex]M=\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]
[tex]0.3~M~=~\frac{mol}{0.045~L}[/tex]
[tex]mol=0.3~M*0.045~L=0.0135~mol~of~H_2SeO_4[/tex]
In the balanced reaction, we have a 2:1 molar ratio between the acid and the base (for each mol of [tex]H_2SeO_4[/tex] 2 moles of [tex]NaOH[/tex] are consumed), with this in mind we can calculate the moles of NaOH:
[tex]0.0135~mol~of~H_2SeO_4\frac{2~mol~NaOH}{1~mol~of~H_2SeO_4}=0.027~mol~NaOH[/tex]
I hope it helps!
Which statements about spontaneous processes are true? Select all that apply: A spontaneous process is one that occurs very quickly.
Answer: Here are the complete options.
A spontaneous process is one that occurs very quickly. A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium. A spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system. A process is spontaneous if it must be continuously forced or driven.
The correct option is
A spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system.
A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium
Explanation:
spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system and occur on its own because spontaneous processes are thermodynamically favorable characterized by a decrease in the system's free energy, they do not need to be driven by an outside source of energy. Which means that the initial energy is higher than the final energy.
A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium which will result to The sign of ΔG will change from positive to negative (or vice versa) where T = ΔH/ΔS. In cases where ΔG is: negative
Calculate the energy required to heat 566.0mg of graphite from 5.2°C to 23.2°C. Assume the specific heat capacity of graphite under these conditions is ·0.710J·g−1K−1 . Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answer:
7.23 J
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Mass of graphite (m): 566.0 mgInitial temperature: 5.2 °CFinal temperature: 23.2 °CSpecific heat capacity of graphite (c): 0.710J·g⁻¹K⁻¹Step 2: Calculate the energy required (Q)
We will use the following expression.
Q = c × m × ΔT
Q = 0.710J·g⁻¹K⁻¹ × 0.5660 g × (23.2°C-5.2°C)
Q = 7.23 J
Using only sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, and distilled water determine how you could prepare 50.0 mL of a 0.20 M solution that is buffered to a pH of 10.3. The total molarity of the ions should be 0.20 M. The Ka of the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3 - , is 4.7 x 10-11 .
Answer:
Weight 0.4326 g of sodium bicarbonate and 0.5141 g of sodium carbonate, dissolve it in distilled water and then bring the solution to a final volume of 50.0 mL using distilled water.
Explanation:
The pH of a buffered solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
[tex] pH = pKa + log(\frac{[Na_{2}CO_{3}]}{[NaHCO_{3}]}) [/tex]
We have that pH = 10.3 and the Ka is 4.7x10⁻¹¹, so:
[tex] 10.3 = -log(4.7 \cdot 10^{-11}) + log(\frac{[Na_{2}CO_{3}]}{[NaHCO_{3}]}) [/tex]
[tex] \frac{[Na_{2}CO_{3}]}{[NaHCO_{3}]} = 0.94 [/tex] (1)
Also, we know that:
[tex] [Na_{2}CO_{3}] + [NaHCO_{3}] = 0.20 M [/tex] (2)
From equation (2) we have:
[tex] [Na_{2}CO_{3}] = 0.20 - [NaHCO_{3}] [/tex] (3)
By entering (3) into (1):
[tex] \frac{0.20 - [NaHCO_{3}]}{[NaHCO_{3}]} = 0.94 [/tex]
[tex] 0.94*[NaHCO_{3}] + [NaHCO_{3}] = 0.20 [/tex]
[tex] [NaHCO_{3}] = 0.103 M [/tex]
Hence, the [Na_{2}CO_{3}] is:
[tex] [Na_{2}CO_{3}] = 0.20 - [NaHCO_{3}] = 0.20 M - 0.103 M = 0.097 M [/tex]
Now, having the concentrations and knowing the volume of the buffer solution we can find the mass of the sodium carbonate and the sodium bicarbonate, as follows:
[tex]m_{Na_{2}CO_{3}} = C*V*M = 0.097 mol/L*0.050 L*105.99 g/mol = 0.5141 g[/tex]
[tex]m_{NaHCO_{3}} = C*V*M = 0.103 mol/L*0.050 L*84.007 g/mol = 0.4326 g[/tex]
Therefore, to prepare 50.0 mL of a 0.20 M solution that is buffered to a pH of 10.3 we need to weight 0.4326 g of sodium bicarbonate and 0.5141 g of sodium carbonate, dissolve it in distilled water and then bring the solution to a final volume of 50.0 mL using distilled water.
I hope it helps you!
