The major difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not. Plant cells also contain chloroplasts, which are organelles that allow them to perform photosynthesis, whereas animal cells lack chloroplasts and are unable to perform photosynthesis.
Additionally, plant cells have a large central vacuole, which is used to store water and other materials, whereas animal cells have small, membrane-bound vacuoles or none at all. Plant cells also have cellulose plates in their cell walls, which are used to provide structural support and regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell, whereas animal cells lack this type of structure. Finally, plant cells have chlorophyll, which allows them to absorb energy from light, whereas animal cells lack chlorophyll and cannot absorb energy from light.
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An action potential causes depolarization of the T tubule membrane.T/F
An action potential causes depolarization of the T tubule membrane. The given statement is true.
DefinitionPositively charged sodium ions (Na+) enter the fiber, depolarizing the local membrane. This causes an action potential to spread to the rest of the membrane, depolarizing the T-tubules as well. Ca++ ions that were stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are then released as a result of this (SR).Action potentials are transported into the interior of muscle fibers by the T-tubules, where they activate voltage-gated channels known as dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR). The amount of calcium that enters the muscle fiber from the extracellular space is much lower than it is in cardiac muscle (via the DHPR).The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the SR open and release calcium, which stimulates contraction. These events are triggered by the action potential, which invades T-tubules and opens L-type calcium channels.For more information on action potential kindly visit to
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compare the two procedures used to obtain the cells needed for preparing a fetal karyotype?
Amniocentesis. This procedure collects a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the unborn baby during pregnancy. The fluid contains cells from the baby that can be tested. Amniocentesis is usually done between week 15 and 20 of pregnancy.
"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ________.
A) PCR
B) DNA ligase
C) restriction enzymes
D) bacterial plasmids
C) Restriction enzymes are responsible for producing "sticky ends".
Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, are enzymes that can cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, which are usually palindromic in nature. When restriction enzymes cut DNA, they create double-stranded breaks that can result in two types of DNA fragments: blunt ends or sticky ends.
Blunt ends are produced when the restriction enzyme cuts both strands of DNA at the same position, resulting in a straight cut with no overhanging ends. In contrast, sticky ends are produced when the restriction enzyme cuts the two strands of DNA at different positions, resulting in overhanging ends that can pair up with complementary sequences.
The overhanging ends of sticky ends can be used to create recombinant DNA molecules. For example, if two DNA fragments are cut with the same restriction enzyme, their complementary sticky ends can be annealed together and joined by DNA ligase to create a new, hybrid DNA molecule.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences and does not involve the use of restriction enzymes. DNA ligase is an enzyme used to join DNA fragments together. Bacterial plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the host genome and often contain genes that confer advantageous traits to the bacteria.
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a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes is a cell.
A cell that has two full sets of chromosomes is said to be diploid. Two full sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid cell.
The majority of human cells are diploid, with 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes. This consists of a pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells in both plants and animals, including humans.
There are 46 chromosomes in all, including 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). DNA may be precisely duplicated during these cell divisions thanks to chromosomes. So, once more. Our cells' nuclei include chromosomes, which enable precise DNA duplication during cell division. This guarantees that our internal processes go forward.
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Correct Question:
A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes is a cell called _____.
. Place a large " " on the end of the gel diagram where the positive electrode would go. Place a large "on the end of the gel diagram where the negative electrode would go. Using what you know about the structure of DNA, explain why this placement is crucial to separating the fragments.
The placement is crucial to separating the fragments because the direction of the current flow determines the direction in which the DNA fragments migrate through the gel.
In gel electrophoresis, the DNА frаgments аre loаded into а well аt one end of the gel аnd the gel is immersed in а buffer solution. The positive electrode is plаced аt one end of the gel, аnd the negаtive electrode is plаced аt the other end. When the electric current is аpplied, the negаtively chаrged DNА frаgments move towаrds the positive electrode through the gel mаtrix, which аcts аs а moleculаr sieve, sepаrаting the DNА frаgments bаsed on their size.
The negаtive electrode should be аt the end of the gel where the smаller frаgments аre expected to migrаte, while the positive electrode should be аt the other end where the lаrger frаgments аre expected to migrаte. This is becаuse smаller DNА frаgments will move fаster through the gel, аnd if the positive electrode were аt the end of the gel where the smаller frаgments аre expected to migrаte, the frаgments would be pushed out of the gel before they could be sepаrаted bаsed on their size.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can be seen in the attachment.
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Ancient Chinese doctors once used a combination of Cannabis and alcohol to anesthetize patients for surgery True False Question 2 (3 points) In the Chinese herbal manuals, it was recorded that people who used Cannabis in conjunction with Ginseng were able to obtain sight of the future. True False Question 3 (3 points) In modern Chinese medicine, Cannabis seeds have little medicinal value. True False Question 4 (3 points) Ancient Shaman practices belleved that the causes of disease were due to otherworldly influences and used mind altering substances in order to deal with these malevolent forces. True False
True, Ancient Chinese doctors once used a combination of Cannabis and alcohol to anesthetize patients for surgery.
it was also observed that during the second century A.D, the Chinese surgeon, Hua T'o, began to use cannabis as an anesthesia and to treat people.
True, it was true in chinese herbal manuals that ginseng and cannabis combination is known as a clairvoyant mixture.
it was also written by the Taoist priest wrote in the fifth century B.C. that Cannabis in the combination with Ginseng to people to set forward time and reveal future events.
in modern medicine, cannabis do have science values,cannabis has been used in China for fiber, seeds, as a traditional medicine and also used for medicine.
People in ancient times believed that treatments were directed toward eliminating evil spirits herbs and plants In 4000 BC.
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lengthwise bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through: a. the secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity. b. differentiation of osteoclasts. c. calcification of the matrix. d. interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates.
Lengthwise bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through the interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Interstitial growth is a type of growth that takes place in long bones, allowing them to extend in length. Interstitial growth happens at the epiphyseal plate, which is a region of hyaline cartilage that separates the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone.
Chondrocytes, the only cells found in cartilage, divide and multiply on the side of the epiphyseal plate closest to the epiphysis. They push the epiphysis away from the diaphysis while continuing to secrete the extracellular matrix, which expands the bone shaft. Thus, lengthwise bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through the interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates. This concludes option D is correct.
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coenzymes are nonprotein compounds that are required for the activity of certain enzymes. one critical coenzyme central to metabolism is nad . in fact it is one of 5 coenzymes required by______ , the critical enzyme for producing acetyl-coa. nad is synthesized from_____ as was discovered to be critical for health by two american scientists, ______ , in the early 20th century. dietary lack of this critical molecule produces pellagra, characterized by the following symptoms: _____ . people with these problems were found in parts of the u.s. where diets lacked vegetables and consisted principally of corn. interestingly, soaking the corn in ____, a common practice in mexico, releases the critical coenzyme from proteins, making it bioavailable,
Coenzymes are nonprotein compounds that are required for the activity of certain enzymes. one critical coenzyme central to metabolism is nad . in fact it is one of 5 coenzymes required by pyruvate dehydrogenase, the critical enzyme for producing acetyl-coa. nad is synthesized from niacin (vitamin B3) as was discovered to be critical for health by two american scientists, Joseph Goldberger and Tom Spies, in the early 20th century. dietary lack of this critical molecule produces pellagra, characterized by the following symptoms: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. people with these problems were found in parts of the u.s. where diets lacked vegetables and consisted principally of corn. interestingly, soaking the corn in alkaline, a common practice in mexico, releases the critical coenzyme from proteins, making it bioavailable,
NAD is required by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Joseph Goldberger and Tom Spies discovered niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms of pellagra include dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Corn is soaked in alkaline.Coenzymes are nonprotein compounds that are required for the activity of certain enzymes. One critical coenzyme central to metabolism is NAD. In fact, it is one of the 5 coenzymes required by pyruvate dehydrogenase, the critical enzyme for producing acetyl-CoA. NAD is synthesized from niacin (vitamin B3) and was discovered to be critical for health by two American scientists, Joseph Goldberger and Tom Spies, in the early 20th century. Dietary lack of this critical molecule produces pellagra, characterized by the following symptoms: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.People with these problems were found in parts of the U.S. where diets lacked vegetables and consisted principally of corn. Interestingly, soaking corn in alkaline, a common practice in Mexico, releases the critical coenzyme from proteins, making it bioavailable.
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HIV infection leads to AIDS when ___ during viral replication lead to the production of viral particles that can infect ___ cells, allowing cancers and opportunistic infections to invade the body of the patient.
HIV infection leads to AIDS when errors during viral replication lead to the production of viral particles that can infect immune system cells allowing cancer and opportunistic infections to invade the patient's body.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus infection that damages the immune system over time, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As HIV infects and destroys white blood cells, the body becomes unable to protect itself against infection and disease, making it more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
AIDS reduces the number of CD4 T-cells in the body and when these fall below the normal level they make people vulnerable to infections and cancer.
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Which system gives shape and support to the body? A Circulatory system B Respiratory system C Skeletal system D Excretory system
Skeletal system gives shape and support to the body.
The internal support structure of the human body is the skeleton. At birth, there are about 270 bones in it; by adulthood, after some bones have fused together, there are only about 206. Between the ages of 25 and 30, the bone mass in the skeleton reaches its maximum mass, which accounts for approximately 14% of the total body weight (or about 10 to 11 kg for the average person).
The axial and appendicular skeletons of the human body are distinct from one another. The axial skeleton is made up of the spinal column, rib cage, skull, and other supporting bones. The shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones in the upper and lower limbs make up the appendicular skeleton, which is connected to the axial skeleton.
The human skeleton has six primary purposes: support, movement, defence, blood cell formation, mineral storage, and endocrine regulation.
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which example best illustrates a gene-environment interaction?
Exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic susceptibility can result in a higher risk of lung cancer, illustrating a gene-environment interaction.
The interaction between the environmental factor of cigarette smoke and the genetic factor of predisposition for lung cancer results in an increased risk for lung cancer. People who are exposed to cigarette smoke (environmental factor) are more likely to develop lung cancer, but this risk is further increased if they have a genetic predisposition for lung cancer (genetic factor). In other words, the interaction between exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic susceptibility results in a higher risk for lung cancer than either factor alone. This illustrates a gene-environment interaction.
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place the events of the flint water crisis in chronological order.
The events of the flint water crisis in chronological order are:-
The water source for Flint residents was switched from Lake Huron to Flint River.Public protests and complaints broke out about health problems.City officials denied there was a problem.Researchers reported elevated levels of lead.City officials restored the water source to Lake Huron.Flint water is a term used to refer to the drinking water supply in Flint, Michigan that was contaminated with high levels of lead and other toxic substances. The crisis began in 2014 when the city switched its water source from Lake Huron to the Flint River without properly treating the water to prevent corrosion of the aging pipes.
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause serious health problems, particularly in children and pregnant women. Exposure to lead can lead to developmental delays, behavioral problems, and impaired cognitive function. Other toxic substances found in the water included bacteria, carcinogenic chemicals, and disinfection byproducts.
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an atom of mystery element contains 92 protons. what element is it?
An atom of a mystery element contains 92 protons. This element is uranium (U). It has 92 protons and an atomic number of 92, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, there are 92 protons in the nucleus of the mystery element. Uranium is the element that has an atomic number of 92 since it has 92 protons in its nucleus.
Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. It is a dense metal that is silvery-white in color when polished.
The term "uranium" refers to the element in both the natural and artificial contexts. Uranium is radioactive, as are all other elements with atomic numbers above 84. Uranium is a fuel for nuclear power plants and weapons due to its high radioactivity.
Uranium ore is found in large quantities in the Earth's crust and can be mined to produce uranium fuel for nuclear power plants.
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1) The surface of the conchae are lined with ciliated respiratory epithelium, which secretes mucus and fluid. Which of the following is not a function of the conchae or respiratory epithelium?A) Fine hairs and mucus trap dust particles or potentially harmful microorganisms that may be present. B) They increase the turbulence of inspired air to ensure greater air contact with the respiratory epithelium. C) They have a large surface area to help warm, filter, and humidify inspired air. D) The curved bone shape ensures airflow is smooth (or laminar) through the respiratory system. 2) What is the function of the mucus in the trachea? A) The mucus assists with swallowing food. B) The mucus helps stimulate blood flow to the area. C) The mucus helps trap foreign particles before they can enter the lungs.
1. The following that is not a function of the conchae or respiratory epithelium is the curved bone shape ensures airflow is smooth (or laminar) through the respiratory system (D).
2. The function of the mucus in the trachea is the mucus helps trap foreign particles before they can enter the lungs (C).
Explanation number 1. The conchаe аre а series of curved bones found in the nаsаl cаvity. The surfаce of the conchаe is lined with ciliаted respirаtory epithelium, which secretes mucus аnd fluid. The ciliаted respirаtory epithelium helps to trаp аnd filter dust pаrticles or potentiаlly hаrmful microorgаnisms thаt mаy be present in the аir. It аlso increаses the turbulence of inspired аir to ensure greаter аir contаct with the respirаtory epithelium, аnd it hаs а lаrge surfаce аreа to help wаrm, filter, аnd humidify inspired аir.
Explanation number 2. The trаcheа is mаde of rings of cаrtilаge. It is lined with cells thаt produce mucus. The mucus in the trаcheа serves to trаp foreign pаrticles before they cаn enter the lungs.
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Gregor Mendel described several traits in pea plants in which a dominant trait masked a recessive trait. Two such traits were plant height (T = tall, t = short) and seed shape (R = round, r = wrinkled). Match each genotype below with its expected phenotype.
tall and round
The genotypes match with phenotypes as follows in the plant pea experiments:
Short and Wrinkled = ttrrTall and Round = TTRR, TtRr, TTRrTall and wrinkled = TTrr; Ttrr.Short and round = none Mendel's Experiments in pea plantsGenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the outward expression of an organism's genetic makeup. Dominant refers to an allele that masks the effect of another allele, while recessive refers to an allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state (when two copies are present). Therefore, in the given question, T and R are dominant alleles while t and r are recessive alleles.
Given the Genotype above, the expected Phenotype is as follows:
Short and Wrinkled = ttrr
Tall and Round = TTRR, TtRr, TTRr
Tall and wrinkled = TTrr; Ttrr
Short and round = none
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chin fissure is controlled by a dominant allele and a smooth chin by a recessive allele. dimples are controlled by a dominant allele and no dimples by a recessive allele. if two parents are heterozygous for each trait, the chance that they will produce a child with a chin fissure and dimples is .
The question is: "If two parents are heterozygous for each trait, the chance that they will produce a child with a chin fissure and dimples is?"
The answer is 25%. When two parents are heterozygous for a trait, they each carry one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This means that the chance of producing offspring with a chin fissure and dimples is 25% since these traits are both controlled by dominant alleles. This is because out of the four possible combinations of alleles that can result from two heterozygous parents, only one combination results in both traits being expressed (dominant allele for chin fissure + dominant allele for dimples).
The chance that two heterozygous parents will produce a child with a chin fissure and dimples are 3/16.
What is the meaning of allele?
An allele refers to any of the alternative forms of a gene that may exist at a particular locus. More specifically, an allele is one of two or more variants of a gene that have been shown to arise from mutations and are found at the same position on a chromosome. To explain the chance that two heterozygous parents will produce a child with a chin fissure and dimples is 3/16, first, we must know that heterozygous means when two different alleles are present. Now, let's solve the problem. At first, write down the genotypes of the parents:
C = chin fissure
c = smooth chin
D = dimples
d = no dimples.
So, the parents are heterozygous, which means that their genotypes are CcDd.Next, create a Punnett square to determine the possible offspring genotypes. According to the Punnett square, the offspring can have four different genotype combinations: CCDd, CCdd, CcDd, and Ccdd. The probability that a child will have a chin fissure is 3/4, and the probability that a child will have dimples is 3/4 as well. So, the probability that a child will have both traits is:(3/4) * (3/4) = 9/16The probability of all other combinations is:(3/4) * (1/4) * 2 + (1/4) * (3/4) * 2 + (1/4) * (1/4) = 3/16Therefore, the chance that two heterozygous parents will produce a child with a chin fissure and dimples are 3/16.
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Describe the three different types of bipedalism. For each one, be sure to discuss the frequency of bipedal locomotion, describe the extent of bipedal adaptations, provide at least one sample primate who practices this type of bipedalism, and describe why the sample primate uses this form of bipedalism
There are three main types of bipedalism: facultative, obligate, and facultative-obligate.
Facultative bipedalism is the most common, and it occurs when primates walk bipedally but also move around on all fours. Examples of primates with facultative bipedalism include baboons, chimpanzees, and gorillas. These primates use bipedalism as a way to transport objects, to feed, and to reach things that are otherwise out of reach.
Obligate bipedalism occurs when primates move around on two legs only and do not move around on all fours. Humans are a classic example of obligate bipedalism, as we are almost exclusively bipedal when we move around. Other primates who exhibit obligate bipedalism include macaques, vervets, and lorises. They use bipedalism to navigate through dense forests, which is helpful for accessing fruits and other resources in the treetops.
Finally, facultative-obligate bipedalism occurs when primates occasionally move around on all fours and at other times move around on two legs only. Gibbons and siamangs are examples of primates who exhibit facultative-obligate bipedalism. They use bipedalism as a way to move quickly between trees, and they use all fours when they are climbing.
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The time taken for this complete cell cycle is 15 hours.
Calculate how many hours the cell spent in mitosis.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
hours
Calculate the amount of time spent in the cell cycle and divide it by the total number of cells enumerated. Multiply the percentage of time spent in each phase by the overall duration of the cell cycle (720 minutes) to get an idea of how much time is spent in each phase. What are the four cell cycle stages? The cell cycle in organisms has four distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
Mitosis is a form of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to create two new genetically identical cells (the daughters). Mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is divided into two They don't just split their DNA at random and throw it into heaps for the two daughter cells. Instead, they divided their duplicated chromosomes into meticulously planned stages. Mitosis has four fundamental phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
motor output is guided by sensory feedback with the exception of ______ movements.
Motor output is guided by sensory feedback with the exception of option D) ballistic movements.
For effective sensory-motor control, skeletal muscle feedback is essential. To maintain both dynamic and static muscle tone, specialized receptors in the muscle, such as muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint feedback, give this feedback.
The spinal level of motor neurons connected to spinal reflexes receives a large portion of this sensory feedback, which is crucial for maintaining muscle tone.
Muscle contractions that reach their maximum velocities and accelerations in a brief amount of time are referred to as ballistic movement. They have rapid contraction times, great force generation, and rapid firing rates.
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Complete question is:
A) innate movements
B) unpracticed movements
C) practiced movements
D) ballistic movements
E) reflexive movements
Which feature unites paramecia, malarial parasites, and dinoflagellates into a single group? A. The use of cillia. B. The presence of a nucleus
The feature that unites paramecia, malarial parasites, and dinoflagellates into a single group is the presence of a nucleus. The correct option is B.
Paramecia are single-celled microorganisms that belong to the phylum Ciliophora. They are unicellular and are characterized by the presence of cilia and two types of nuclei: micronucleus and macronucleus.Malarial parasites are the organisms that cause malaria, a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The parasites belong to the Plasmodium species and are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.Dinoflagellates are a group of single-celled aquatic organisms that are characterized by two flagella, one wrapped around their waist and the other extending behind. They are photosynthetic and are found in freshwater and marine environments.Therefore, the feature that unites paramecia, malarial parasites, and dinoflagellates into a single group is the presence of a nucleus.Therefore, the correct option is 'B' the presence of a nucleus.Learn more about Paramecia https://brainly.com/question/2784341
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in prokaryotes, how do translation and transcription occur?
Translation is the process of using the genetic instructions in mRNA to produce a polypeptide chain while Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
In prokaryotes, transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which the mRNA is produced from the DNA template during which, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene, reads the DNA template strand in the 3' to 5' direction, and synthesizes the mRNA with complementary base pairing. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and is translated by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the ribosome reads the mRNA codons in the 5' to 3' direction, and binds transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that carry the corresponding amino acid. The ribosomes join the amino acids together in the correct order to form a protein which is called translation.
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Stomata are located on the underside of the leaf and are flanked by guard cells. These guard cells close the stomata by
Select one:
a. taking in water by osmosis due to an accumulation of K+. This results in swell of the guard cells that closes the stomata.
b. taking in water by osmosis due to a loss of K+. This results in swelling of the guard cells that close the stomata.
c. losing water by osmosis due to an accumulation of K+. This results in a shrinking of the guard cells that close the stomata.
d. losing water by osmosis due to a loss of K+. This results in a shrinking of the guard cells that close the stomata.
what two nitrogenous bases have two ring structures and are called ?
The two nitrogenous bases with two ring structures that are found in DNA are called purines.
The two types of purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). Purines are one of the two major types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA, the other being pyrimidines, which have a single ring structure.
The purine bases are characterized by their ability to form hydrogen bonds with specific pyrimidine bases, which allows for the complementary base pairing that forms the basis of DNA's double helix structure. Together, the base pairing of purines and pyrimidines helps to maintain the stability of the DNA molecule.
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which molecule carries the protein code from the nucleus to the ribosome?DNARNAADP
The molecule that carries the protein code from the nucleus to the ribosome is RNA, specifically a type of RNA called messenger RNA or mRNA. Here option B is the correct answer.
mRNA is synthesized from DNA during transcription, which occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The DNA serves as a template for the mRNA, which is complementary in sequence to one of the strands of the DNA double helix. Once synthesized, the mRNA molecule carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis.
At the ribosome, the mRNA is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, which is added to the growing protein chain according to the sequence of codons on the mRNA.
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Complete question:
Which molecule carries the protein code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
A - DNA
B - RNA
C - ADP
Which natural disaster starts over the ocean, pushes storm surges onto shore, and causes flooding?
Flood
Tornado
Hurricane
Wildfire
activated helper t cells are required to activate which of the following? a. nk cells b. antigen presenting c. cells cytotoxic d. t cells e. b cells
Therefore, without the activation of helper T cells, B cells cannot be activated to produce antibodies against a specific antigen.
What is cell?A cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms. All organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular animals and plants, are made up of one or more cells. A cell is composed of various components that work together to carry out the processes necessary for life. These components include a cell membrane that separates the cell from its surroundings, cytoplasm that contains various organelles and molecules, and a genetic material (DNA or RNA) that contains the instructions for the cell's activities and reproduction.
Here,
Activated helper T cells are required to activate B cells. Helper T cells play an important role in the immune system by recognizing foreign antigens displayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and activating other cells in the immune system to respond to the antigen. When a helper T cell recognizes an antigen, it becomes activated and releases cytokines that stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of other immune cells, including B cells. B cells are a type of white blood cell that produce antibodies in response to an antigen. When a B cell recognizes an antigen that matches its surface receptors, it becomes activated and differentiates into plasma cells, which produce large amounts of antibodies that bind to and neutralize the antigen.
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which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow? which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow? vasoconstriction increasing blood vessel length atherosclerosis decreasing the hematocrit
Decreasing the hematocrit would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow.
Hematocrit is the proportion of blood that is occupied by red blood cells. A decrease in hematocrit leads to decreased viscosity in blood. This leads to a decrease in the resistance to blood flow that the blood vessels present. Blood flow is restricted due to the resistance offered by the walls of the vessels that the blood flows through. This resistance is called total peripheral resistance (TPR). This is how a decrease in total peripheral resistance is brought about by a decrease in hematocrit. Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, and atherosclerosis is a medical condition that leads to the hardening and narrowing of arteries, both of which would increase TPR.
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Animals of one common phylum are NOT bilaterians but are eumetazoans. What phylum is it? A. Chordata B. Annelida C. Porifera D. Cnidaria
Animals of one common phylum are NOT bilaterians but are eumetazoans is cnidaria. The existence of cnidae in these organisms distinguishes them.
Some of these species include corals, sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydras. Asymmetrical organisms belong to the phylum Porifera. Radially symmetrical organisms are found in the phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora. All of the following phyla, including Platyhelminthes, exhibit bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry, often referred to as plane symmetry, is exhibited by 99% of all animals and is common in the majority of phyla, including Chordata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Platyzoa, Nematoda, and most Mollusca. Animals from the phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Placozoa make up the non-bilaterian animals.
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Three of the papilla they tested were only able to detect one taste. What’s a reasonable hypothesis to explain why a papilla is only able to detect one taste? The papilla lacks taste buds. The papilla has only one taste bud with taste receptor cells that can interact with different chemicals. All the taste receptor cells within that papilla have the same type of taste receptor protein. Each taste receptor cell within that papilla has different types of receptor proteins that interact with different chemicals.
The reasonable hypothesis to explain why a papilla is only able to detect one taste is because All the taste receptor cells within that papilla have the same type of taste receptor protein.
A papilla is a small, nipple-like projection that covers the tongue's upper surface. There are approximately 10,000 taste buds on the human tongue, which are divided into three types of papillae: fungiform papillae, circumvallate papillae, and foliate papillae. Each of these papillae detects a different flavor.
The tongue is an essential organ in humans that is responsible for distinguishing different tastes. The human tongue's surface is covered in taste buds, which are specialized structures that detect different tastes. The taste buds are located on small bumps on the tongue known as papillae.
Taste buds consist of three primary types of cells: receptor cells, basal cells, and support cells. Taste receptor cells are the key components of the taste bud, and they are responsible for detecting different flavors. Each papilla has about 5-10 taste buds.
The reasonable hypothesis to explain why a papilla is only able to detect one taste is that all the taste receptor cells within that papilla have the same type of taste receptor protein. When a particular type of receptor protein interacts with a particular chemical, the brain interprets it as a certain taste.
As a result, if all the taste receptor cells within a papilla have the same type of receptor protein, the papilla can only detect one taste.
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name a group of terrestrial plants that are haploid in their dominant generation.
Bryophytes are a group of terrestrial plants that are haploid in their dominant generation. bryophytes, also known as bryophytes, have a unique life cycle and reproductive strategy that involves alternating between haploid and diploid generations.
The group of terrestrial plants that are haploid in their dominant generation are called bryophytes. Bryophytes are an ancient and diverse group of terrestrial plants that have been around for over 400 million years.
Bryophytes are a group of non-vascular plants that are commonly known as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These plants are simple in structure and have an important place in the ecosystem. Bryophytes are the oldest land plants and were the first to colonize terrestrial habitats.The life cycle of bryophytesIn the life cycle of bryophytes, the haploid stage is the dominant generation. Bryophytes have a life cycle that is characterized by an alternation of generations between the haploid gametophyte stage and the diploid sporophyte stage.
The haploid gametophyte stage is the dominant generation in the life cycle of bryophytes. The gametophyte stage is where the plant produces the sex cells.The sporophyte stage is the result of the fusion of the sex cells produced by the gametophyte stage. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte stage for its nutrition and development. The sporophyte stage produces spores that are released into the environment, where they can germinate and grow into new gametophytes. The cycle then repeats itself.
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