What element is being reduced in the following redox reaction? MnO4-(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + CO2(g) What element is being reduced in the following redox reaction? MnO4-(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + CO2(g) H O Mn C

Explanation:

Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness in a system. Generally solids have  a greater degree of order when compared to gas in which the molecules/particles move randomly in all directions.

The change in entropy from solid to gaseous phase is a positive change. Because there is increase disorderliness of the system.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

So, I'm gonna take a shot at this one and say this:

With a strongly acidic/basic solution, you'll get a high conductivity when preforming a conductivity test.

The more acidic or basic a substance is, the higher the electrical conductivity.

Based on how high or low the conductivity is, it will give you an idea of the substance's pH.

Hope that made since or gave you an idea of what you're looking for. Good luck :)

Answer:

your answer is given below

Explanation:

Take it stepwise, and you are going to have to look up the various heat values.

You have 36.5grams of ice, presumably at 0C.  You will need to add heat to take the ice at 0 C to water at 0 C. (Latent heat of melting)  Then you add in a different heat value to take the water at 0 C to water at 82.3 C. (Specific heat of water)

Add the two heat amounts together.

According to specific heat capacity, to calculate the amount of heat needed to melt ice given mass of ices is multiplied by specific heat of ice and the temperature change which it undergoes.

Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius. It has units of calories or joules per gram per degree Celsius.

It varies with temperature and is different for each state of matter. Water in the liquid form has the highest specific heat capacity among all common substances .Specific heat capacity of a substance is infinite as it undergoes phase transition ,it is highest for gases and can rise if the gas is allowed to expand.

It is given by the formula ,

Q=mcΔT

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Answer:

Explanation:

The ionic lattices would have the highest melting point Potassium oxide. option A is correct.

An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions. The ions have a regular, repeating arrangement called an ionic lattice. The lattice is formed because the ions attract each other and form a regular pattern with oppositely charged ions next to each other.

Ionic compounds are held together by electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

These forces are usually referred to as the ionic lattice contains such a large number of ions, that a lot of energy is needed to overcome this ionic bonding so ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

therefore, sodium oxide has the highest melting point. option A is correct

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Question is incomplete, the complete question is as follows:

A student wants to examine a substance by altering the bonds within its molecules. Which of the following properties of the substance should the student examine?

A. Toxicity, because it can be observed by altering the state of the substance

B. Boiling point, because it can be observed by altering the state of the substance

C. Toxicity, because it can be observed by replacing the atoms of the substance with new atoms

D. Boiling point, because it can be observed by replacing the atoms of the substance with new atoms

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

A student can examine a substance without altering the bonds within the molecules by examining its boiling point.

The boiling point is the property of a substance, at which the substance changes its state, which is from solid to liquid, liquid to gas and others. So, examining the boiling point will alter the bonds within the molecules as the state of substance will change.

Hence, the correct answer is "B".

Answer:

[tex][Ag^+]=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the dissociation reaction for silver phosphate is:

[tex]Ag_3PO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons 3Ag^+(aq)+PO_4^{3-}(aq)[/tex]

Therefore, the equilibrium expression is:

[tex]Ksp=[Ag^+]^3[PO_4^{3-}][/tex]

And in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex] is:

[tex]Ksp=1.8x10^{-18}=(3x)^3(x)[/tex]

Thus, [tex]x[/tex] turns out:

[tex]1.8x10^{-18}=27x^4\\\\x=\sqrt[4]{\frac{1.8x10^{-18}}{27} } \\\\x=1.61x10^{-5}M[/tex]

In such a way, the concentration of the silver ion is:

[tex][Ag^+]=3x=3*1.61x10^{-5}M=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]

Best regards.

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

How does the spontaneity of the process below depend on temperature? PCI5(9)+H2O(g)POCI3(g) +2HCI(g) -126 kJ mol1, AS = 146 J K-'mol1 ΔΗ Select the correct answer below: nonspontaneous at all temperatures spontaneous at all temperatures spontaneous at high temperatures and nonspontaneous at low temperatures spontaneous at low temperatures and nonspontaneous at high temperatures

Answer:

The correct answer is spontaneous at all the temperatures.

Explanation:

Gibbs Free energy is an essential relation that determines the spontaneity of any reaction, that is, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

When ΔG is less than zero, that is, negative, the reaction is considered to be in spontaneous state. Based on the given information, ΔH = -126 kJ/mol

= -126000 J/mol, it is negative

ΔS = 146 J/K/mol, it is positive

Now, ΔG = ΔH-TΔS

= (-ve) - T (+ve), Thus, when ΔH, is -ve, ΔS is +ve, -TΔS is -ve, the ΔG will be -ve. Therefore, reaction will be spontaneous at all the temperatures.  

Answer:

D

Explanation:

D is the answer

Answer:

thank you...

Answer:

b) the Ka of NH₄⁺ to find the hydronium concentration

Explanation:

The equilbrium of NH₄⁺ (The conjugate acid of NH₃, a weak base), is:

NH₄⁺ ⇄ NH₃ + H⁺

Where Ka of the conjugate acid is:

Ka = [NH₃] [H⁺] / [NH₄⁺]

Thus, if you know Ka of NH₄⁺ and its molar concentration you can calculate  [H⁺], the hydronium concentration, to find pH (Because pH =  -log [H⁺])

Thus, right option is:

Answer:

The correct answer is 1.60 Liters.

Explanation:

The given reaction:

CO (g) + H₂(g) ⇔ CH₃OH (g)

Based on the given reaction, two moles of H₂ reacts with one mole of CO and produce one mole of CH₃OH.

It is mentioned that 3.20 L of H₂ is reacted, therefore, there is a need to convert it into moles.

As 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure is equivalent to 1 mole.

Therefore, 1 L at STP will be, 1/22.4 mole

Now 3.20 L at STP will be,

= 1/22.4 × 3.20

= 0.1428 mole

And as mentioned in the reaction that 2 moles of H₂ gives 1 mole of CH₃OH, therefore, 1 mole of H₂ will give 1/2 mole of CH₃OH

Now, 0.1428 mole of H₂ will give,

= 0.1428/2 = 0.071 mole of CH₃OH

= 0.071 × 22.4 = 1.60 L

The volume, in liters, of CH₃OH gas formed is 1.60 L

From the question,

We are to determine the volume of CH₃OH formed

The given chemical equation for the reaction is

CO(g)+ H₂(g) → CH₃OH

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

CO(g)+ 2H₂(g) → CH₃OH

This means

1 mole of CO reacts with 2 moles of H₂ to produce 1 mole of CH₃OH

Now, we will determine the number of moles of H₂ present in the 3.20 L H₂ at STP

1 mol of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP

Then,

x mole of the H₂ gas will have a volume of 3.20 L at STP

x = [tex]\frac{3.20 \times 1}{22.4}[/tex]

x = 0.142857 mole

∴ The number of mole of H₂ present is 0.142857 mole

Since

2 moles of H₂ reacts to produce 1 mole of CH₃OH

Then,

0.142857 mole of H₂ will react to produce [tex]\frac{0.142857}{2}[/tex] mole of CH₃OH

[tex]\frac{0.142857}{2} = 0.0714285[/tex]

∴ The number of moles of CH₃OH produced = 0.0714285 mole

Now, for the volume of CH₃OH formed

Since

1 mol of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP

Then,

0.0714285 mol of CH₃OH will have a volume of 22.4 × 0.0714285  at STP

22.4 × 0.0714285 = 1.5999984 L ≅ 1.60 L

Hence, the volume of CH₃OH gas formed is 1.60 L

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Answer:

.0027 M

Explanation:

We must calculate the threshold concentration of PO3−4 using Ksp and the given concentration of Ca2+:

Ca3(PO4)2(s)⇌3Ca2+(aq)+2PO3−4(aq)

Ksp=8.6×10−19=[Ca2+]3[PO3−4]2=(4.9×10−5M)3[PO3−4]2

[PO3−4]=0.0027 M

Answer:

All of the above processes have a ΔS < 0.

Explanation:

ΔS represents change in entropy of a system. Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness of a system.

The question requests us to identify the process that has a negative change of entropy.

carbon dioxide(g) → carbon dioxide(s)

There is  a change in state from gas to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

water freezes

There is  a change in state from liquid to solid. Solid particles are more ordered than liquid particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

propanol (g, at 555 K) → propanol (g, at 400 K)

Temperature is directly proportional to entropy, this means higher temperature leads t higher entropy.

This reaction highlights a drop in temperature which means a negative change in entropy.

methyl alcohol condenses

Condensation is the change in state from gas to liquid. Liquid particles are more ordered than gas particles so this is a negative change in entropy.

Answer:

pH=0.22.

[tex][OH^-]=1.66x10^{-14}M[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the pH is directly computed from the given concentration of hydronium ions:

[tex]pH=-log([H_3O^+])=-log(0.6M)=0.22[/tex]

It is widely known that the pH and POH are directly related via:

[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]

Therefore, the pOH is:

[tex]pOH=14-pH\\\\pOH=14-0.22=13.78[/tex]

Thus, the concentration of hydroxyl ions are computed from the pOH:

[tex]pOH=-log([OH^-]}\\\\[/tex]

[tex][OH^-]=10^{-pOH]=10^{-13.78}[/tex]

[tex][OH^-]=1.66x10^{-14}M[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

rate = [NO]²[H₂]

Explanation:

2NO + H2 ⟶N2 + H2O2 (slow)

H2O2 + H2 ⟶2H2O (fast)

From the question, we are given two equations.

In chemical kinetics; that is the study of rate reactions and changes in concentration. The rate law is obtained from the slowest reaction.

This means that our focus would be on the slow reaction. Generally the rate law is obtained from the concentrations of reactants in a reaction.

This means our rate law is;

rate = [NO]²[H₂]

Answer:

A precipitate will form.

[Ag⁺] = 2.8x10⁻⁵M

Explanation:

When Ag⁺ and CrO₄²⁻ are in solution, Ag₂CrO₄(s) is produced thus:

Ag₂CrO₄(s) ⇄ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)

Ksp is defined as:

Ksp = 1.1x10⁻¹² = [Ag⁺]² [CrO₄²⁻]

Where the concentrations [] are in equilibrium

Reaction quotient, Q, is defined as:

Q = [Ag⁺]² [CrO₄²⁻]

Where the concentrations [] are the actual concentrations

If Q < Ksp, no precipitate will form, if Q >= Ksp, a precipitate will form,

The actual concentrations are -Where 500mL is the total volume of the solution-:

[Ag⁺] = [AgNO₃] = 0.12M ₓ (250mL / 500mL) = 0.06M

[CrO₄²⁻] = [Na₂CrO₄] = 0.33M × (250mL / 500mL) = 0.165M

And Q = [0.06M]² [0.165M] = 5.94x10⁻⁴

As Q > Ksp; a precipitate will form

In equilibrium, some Ag⁺ and some CrO₄⁻ reacts decreasing its concentration until the system reaches equilibrium. Equilibrium concentrations will be:

[Ag⁺] = 0.06M - 2X

[CrO₄²⁻] = 0.165M - X

Where X is defined as the reaction coordinate

Replacing in Ksp expression:

1.1x10⁻¹² = [0.06M - 2X]² [0.165M - X]

Solving for X:

X = 0.165M → False solution. Produce negative concentrations.

X = 0.0299986M

Replacing, equilibrium concentrations are:

[Ag⁺] = 0.06M - 2(0.0299986M)

[CrO₄²⁻] = 0.165M - 0.0299986M

[CrO₄²⁻] = 0.135M

Answer:

- Addition of Ba(OH)2: favors the formation of a precipitate.

- Undergo a chemical reaction forming soluble species.

- Addition of CuSO4 : favors the formation of a precipitate.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the dissociation reaction of barium sulfate is:

[tex]BaSO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons Ba^{2+}(aq)+SO_4^{2-}(aq)[/tex]

We must analyze the effect of the common ion:

- By adding barium hydroxide, more barium ions will be added to the equilibrium system so the formation of solid barium sulfate will be favored (reaction shifts leftwards towards reactants).

- By adding sodium nitrate, the following reaction will undergo:

[tex]BaSO_4(s)+NaNO_3(aq)\rightarrow Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)+Na_2SO_4(aq)[/tex]

So the precipitate will turn into other soluble species.

- By adding copper (II) sulfate, more sulfate ions will be added to the equilibrium system so the formation of solid barium sulfate will be favored (reaction shifts leftwards towards reactants).

All of this is supported by the Le Chatelier's principle.

Best regards.

Answer:

B) CsCl

Explanation:

The ionic character is formed between two kinds of atoms having a large electronegativity differences e.g metals (like those in groups IA and IIA) and nonmetals (like those in groups VIA and VIIA). The formation of an ionic character involves a transfer of electrons from the less electronegative atom(metal) to the more electronegative atom (non-metal) such that the two kinds of atoms now have completely filled outer shell like the noble gases.

In CsCl, electrons are being transferred from Cs⁺ to Cl⁻ . As a result of this transfer , the atom of the metal becomes positively charged (cation) while that of the non-metal becomes negatively charged (anion).

The highest percentage of ionic character will occur as a result of smaller negatively charged (anion) and larger positively charged (cation). From the options given, CsCl have the highest percentage of ionic character.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The article was sourced from the Oak National Laboratory

Which reasons did you include in your response? Check all of the boxes that apply.

1. The article does not present original research.

and

3. The article has references to primary sources.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Which reasons did you include in your response? Check all of the boxes that apply.

The article does not present original research.

The article summarizes other research.

The article has references to primary sources.

Answer:

8.90 M

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the initial concentration

We have a concentrated NaCl solution and we want to prepare a diluted one. We will use the dilution rule.

C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂

C₁ = C₂ × V₂  / V₁

C₁ = 5.00 M × 1.13 L  / 0.635 L

C₁ = 8.90 M

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{8.90 mol/L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

We can use the dilution formula to calculate the concentration of the original solution.

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}V_{1}c_{1} & = & V_{2}c_{2}\\\text{635 mL }\times c_{1} & = & \text{1130 mL} \times \text{5.00 mol/L}\\635 c_{1}&=& \text{5650 mol/L}\\c_{1}& = & \dfrac{5650}{635}\text{ mol/L}\\\\& = & \textbf{8.90 mol/L}\\\end{array}\\\text{The initial concentration was $\large \boxed{\textbf{8.90 mol/L }}$}[/tex]

Answer:

I think its 1.2 cause I divided 15.5 with 12 and got 1.2 as an answer

Answer:

0.52 g of chromium(II) hydroxide, Cr(OH)2.

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of chromium (ii) chloride, CrCl2 in 35.9 mL of 0.258 M chromium(II) chloride solution.

This can be obtained as follow:

Molarity of CrCl2 = 0.258 M

Volume = 35.9 mL = 35.9/1000 = 0.0359 L

Mole of CrCl2 =?

Molarity = mole /Volume

0.258 = mole of CrCl2 /0.0359

Cross multiply

Mole of CrCl2 = 0.258 x 0.0359

Mole of CrCl2 = 0.0093 mole

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of potassium hydroxide, KOH in 35.8 mL 0.338 M potassium hydroxide solution.

This can be obtained as follow:

Molarity of KOH = 0.338 M

Volume = 35.8 mL = 35.8/1000 = 0.0358 L

Mole of KOH =.?

Molarity = mole /Volume

0.338 = mole of KOH /0.0358

Cross multiply

Mole of KOH = 0.338 x 0.0358

Mole of KOH = 0.0121 mole.

Next, we shall write the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2KOH + CrCl2 → Cr(OH)2 + 2KCl

From the balanced equation above,

2 mole of KOH reacted with 1 mole of CrCl2 to produce 1 mole of Cr(OH)2.

Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

2 mole of KOH reacted with 1 mole of CrCl2.

Therefore, 0.0121 mole of KOH will react with = (0.0121 x 1)/2 = 0.00605 mole of CrCl2.

From the calculations made above, we can see that only 0.00605 mole out of 0.0093 mole of CrCl2 is needed to react completely with 0.0121 mole of KOH.

Therefore, KOH is the limiting reactant.

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of Cr(OH)2 produced from the reaction.

In this case, we shall be using the limiting reactant because it will give the maximum yield of Cr(OH)2.

The limiting reactant is KOH and the number of mole of Cr(OH)2 produced can be obtained as illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

2 mole of KOH reacted to produce 1 mole of Cr(OH)2.

Therefore, Therefore, 0.0121 mole of KOH will react with = (0.0121 x 1)/2 = 0.00605 mole of Cr(OH)2.

Finally, we shall convert 0.00605 mole of Cr(OH)2 to grams.

This is illustrated below:

Mole of Cr(OH)2 = 0.00605 mole

Molar mass of Cr(OH)2 = 52 + 2(16 + 1) = 52 + 2(17) = 86 g/mol

Mass of Cr(OH)2 =..?

Mole = mass /Molar mass

0.00605 = mass of Cr(OH)2/86

Cross multiply

Mass of Cr(OH)2 = 0.00605 x 86

Mass of Cr(OH)2 = 0.52 g

Therefore, 0.52 g of chromium(II) hydroxide, Cr(OH)2 was produced.

Answer:

[tex]Ksp=1.2[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, as the saturated solution has 7.1 grams of sodium carbonate, the solubility product is computed by firstly computing the molar solubility by using its molar mass (106 g/mol):

[tex]Molar \ solubility=\frac{7.1gNa_2CO_3}{0.1L}*\frac{1molNa_2CO_3}{106gNa_2CO_3}=0.67M[/tex]

Next, as its dissociation reaction is:

[tex]Na_2CO_3(s)\rightleftharpoons 2Na^+(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)[/tex]

The equilibrium expression is:

[tex]Ksp=[Na^+]^2[CO_3^{2-}][/tex]

And the concentrations are related with the molar solubility (2:1 mole ratio between ionic species):

[tex]Ksp=(2*0.67)^2*(0.67)\\\\Ksp=1.2[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

0.16 M

Explanation:

Data provided as per the question is below:-

Volume of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 0.22 L

The Volume of NaOH = 0.18 L

Morality of NaOH = 0.2

According to the given situation, the calculation of the concentration of the [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is shown below:-

For equivalence,

Number of the equivalent of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = Number of equivalents of NaOH

[tex]= \frac{0.18\times0.2}{0.22}[/tex]

[tex]= \frac{0.036}{0.22}[/tex]

= 0.16363 M

or

= 0.16 M

Answer:

A) dietary fiber isn't used by the body.

Explanation:

The food we eat contains certain nutritional contents that provides energy, measured in calories (CAL) to the body. A procedure called BOMB CALORIMETRY can be used to determine the energy contents of these foods. The energy-supplying macromolecules contained in food substances we eat are carbohydrate, protein, fats etc.

Bomb calorimetry uses the method of burning the food substance in a device called bomb calorimeter, and measure the caloric content of the burnt food. Bomb calorimetry measures all the present calories in a food substance, which can include dietary fibers. Due to this reason, it is considered a poor choice in determining the number of nutritional calories in a food substance.

Dietary fibers are indigestible carbohydrates that cannot be broken down and used by the body. They pass along the alimentary canal until they are egested. Hence, they are no source of nutrients to the body. Since bomb calorimetry measures all calories including dietary fibers, it is said to overestimate the caloric content of food substances.

Answer:

[tex]\Huge \boxed{\mathrm{Kr}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Krypton is an element in the periodic table with an atomic number of 36.

The symbol for Krypton is Kr.

Answer:

KR.

Explanation:

Use the periodic table for reference:

Answer:

Your genes play a big role in making you who you are. ... But brothers and sisters don't look exactly alike because everyone (including parents) actually has two copies of most of their genes. And these copies can be different. Parents pass one of their two copies of each of their genes to their kids.

Answer:

e. Lithium

Explanation:

Correct list of options!

a. hydrogen  b. Helium  c. sulfur  d. Iodine  e. Lithium

Sea of electrons generally refers to metal atoms. This  is because of the delocalized nature of the electrons compared to non metals where the electrons are localized (fixed to a specific atoms).

Among all the elements in the options, the metal is option e. Lithium

Answer:

Explanation:

mass of W in gram  = mole x molecular weight

= .02 x 74 = 1.48 gm

mass of V in gram

first of all we shall calculate the no of moles of V

1 mole = 6.0 x  10²³ atoms

1 x 10²³ atoms = 1 / 6 moles

mass of V in grams

= 40 / 6

= 6.67 grams .

So V has greater mass .

ii )

molecular weight of sodium chloride

= 58.5 gm

14.63 gram of sodium chloride

= 14.63 / 58.5 = .25 moles

250 cm³ = 250 x 10⁻³ dm³

So 250 x 10⁻³ dm³ of solution contains .25 moles of salt

1 dm³ of solution will contain .25 / 250 x 10⁻³ mole

= 1 mole

so concentration of solution is 1 mole per dm³

Answer:

ethyl 4-bromobenzoate

Explanation:

In this question, we can start with the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (I.H.D):

[tex]I.H.D=\frac{2C+2+N-H-X}{2}=\frac{(2*9)+2+0-9-1}{2}~=~5[/tex]

This indicates, that we can have a benzene ring (I.H.D = 4) and a carbonyl group (I.H.D = 1), for a total of 5.

Additionally, in the 1H-NMR info, we have a triplet 1.39 (3H) followed by a doublet 4.38 (2H), this indicates the presence of an ethyl group ([tex]CH_3-CH_2-[/tex]). Also, in the formula, we have 2 oxygens if we have carbonyl group with 2 oxygens we have a high probability to have an ester group.

[tex]O=C-O-CH_2-CH_3[/tex]

Now, if we add this to the benzene ring and the "Br" atom that we have in the formula, we will have ethyl 4-bromobenzoate.

See figures 1 and 2 to further explanations.

I hope it helps!