A species with a wide range rarely has the same genetic makeup across its entire range.
A species with such a wide range is unlikely to have the same genetic makeup across its entire range. Individuals in a population living at one end of the range, for example, may live at a higher altitude and experience different climatic conditions than those living at the opposite end of the range at a lower altitude. The relative allele frequency at this more extreme boundary may differ significantly from that at the opposite boundary. Different forces will shift relative allele frequencies throughout different ways at either end of the distribution, which is one way that genetic variation could be preserved throughout large populations over wide physical ranges.
If the individuals at either end of the range rejoin and continue mating, the resulting genetic intermixing could really contribute to more overall genetic variation. However, if the range becomes large enough that interbreeding between opposite ends becomes less likely, and the different forces acting at each end become more pronounced, individuals at each end of a population range could eventually become genetically distinct from each other.
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how do papillary muscles prevent atrioventricular valve cusps from everting (swinging upward) into the atria?
Atrioventricular valve cusps are prevented from everting (swinging upward into the atria) by contracting papillary muscles.
The chordae tendineae are pulled when the papillary muscles contract, which prevents the atrioventricular valves' cusps from opening and allowing blood to return to the atria. Thin, fibrous tissue strands known as chordae tendineae join the two atrioventricular valves—the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve—to the ventricles. The cusps or flaps of each valve are held in place by the chordae tendineae and papillary muscle. Pressure gradients across the valves cause the mitral and tricuspid valve cusps to close as the ventricles contract. Blood may leak backward or vomit if the chordae tendineae are not sufficiently taut, so the cusps can shut properly. The mitral valve cusps, in this instance, are prolapsing or failing to seal completely. From the ventricle, blood is dripping back into the left atrium.
Hence, papillary muscle with chordae tendineae holds cusp of valve.
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what is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)?
Air pollution has decreased in all regions is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)
The peppered moth's evolution is an example of how air pollution during the Industrial Revolution caused directional colour changes in the moth population.
At that time, a manifestation of industrial melanism was the rise in the number of dark-colored moths. Later, as pollution levels dropped, the light-colored form once more took control. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection underwent its first test with the industrial melanism in the peppered moth, which is still used as a standard illustration for explaining evolution.
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Reproduction in Rotifers
Rotifers are a phylum of small animals that live in waters throughout the world. One class of rotifers, Seisonidea, can only reproduce sexually. Another class of rotifers, Bdelloidea, can only reproduce asexually.
Which is a similarity in the reproduction methods of rotifers in class Bdelloidea and rotifers in class Seisonidea?
Choose the correct answer.
Responses
Both methods of reproduction greatly increase genetic diversity.
Both methods of reproduction require the same number of parents.
Both methods of reproduction produce offspring that are all identical.
Both methods of reproduction involve organisms passing genetic material to their offspring.
the biggest problem with the shotgun technique is its tendency to underestimate the size of the genome. which of the following might best account for this? a) skipping some of the clones to be sequenced b) missing some of the overlapping regions of the clones c) counting some of the overlapping regions of the clones twice d) having some of the clones die during the experiment and therefore not be represented
Option D. is correct, The shotgun method's major flaw is its propensity to overestimate the size of the genome.
The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab setting using a process called shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. First proposed in 1979, whole genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000 to 7000 base-pair) genomes. The genome of the cauliflower mosaic virus was the first one to be shotgun sequenced and was made public in 1981. Hierarchical shotgun sequencing, which requires the first generation of a low-resolution map of the genome, is slower than whole-genome shotgun sequencing but uses fewer computer methods.
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what are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring)?
BB x bb are the genotypes of the parents in the first cross (the cross that produced 12 black offspring).
Alleles are distinct variants of a gene. Every gene in somatic cells has two alleles, one from each of the organism's parents. It is frequently impossible to tell from an organism's outer appearance which two alleles of a gene are present within its chromosomes. An organism's hidden or under expressed allele, however, can still be passed on to its progeny and express itself in a subsequent generation.
The first person to explain how qualities are handed down from one generation to the next was Gregor Mendel (and sometimes skip generations). Mendel developed three laws of inheritance that characterized the transfer of genetic features before genes were even known through his breeding experiments with pea plants. Mendel's discoveries significantly increased scientists' understanding of genetic inheritance and helped to create new experimental techniques.
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In a certain insect, round wings (R) are dominant to pointed wings (r). Which cross will
produce the greatest number of genotypic and phenotypic variations?
Answer:
Rr, round wings
Explanation:
The wings will all be Rr, which makes them all round. If round wings are the dominant trait, then they can be represented as either RR or Rr. But if pointy wings are recessive, they can only be represented as rr. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, and can be represented as Rr (dominant), RR (dominant), and rr (recessive). The Phenotype is the visible traits, such as hair color, eye color, or in this case, wing type. recessive traits can only appear when there are two little r's: rr. So they genotype can be represented as Rr, and the phenotype can be represented as round wings.
I hope this helps and have a great day!
what happens when a population cannot get enough food or water?
Answer:
1.)It will result in increase in mortality(Death rate)
2.) Malnutrition
3.) Susceptible to diseases.
4.) decrease in revenue due to sick workers which have become prone to disease as a result of the effective blood vessels which are unable to perform their task(which is usually due to poor food and water supply)
Explanation:
With less food, whether incremental through smaller portion sizes or more drastic through skipped meals, people often earn less money and are more susceptible to health issues . The consequences for small children can be especially serious, leading to malnutrition and stunting.
Organisms that live in the alpine and taiga biomes have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. the douglas-fir is a conifer tree that grows in the taiga biome. it has an average height of about 70 feet, and its wood is an important source of lumber. conifer trees along water's edge. photo by anne burgess how has the douglas-fir adapted to enable its survival in the taiga biome?
a. low growing
b. perennial
c. waxy needles
d. survive on limited nutrients please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Seasonal color changes are the unique adaptation that helps snowshoe rabbits to survive in the taiga.
The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the creatures inhabiting the taiga biome is the snowshoe rabbit. It is exceptional in that it can remain unseen while hiding from predators in the snow in the winter and in woody areas in the summer. The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the plants that may be found in the alpine biome is the moss campion. It is shielded from the wind and subfreezing cold in the alpine by its thin leaves and cushion-like shape.
Hence, organism characteristics decides its survival in different biome.
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neonicotinoids are compounds that used to be widely used on farms as effective insecticides. it appeared they were easily absorbed by plants and were present in pollen and nectar, killing honey bees. scientists discovered that neonicotinoids affect the cholinergic synapses in the nervous system of insects, causing their paralysis and death. how do neonicotinoids affect the synapses?
Answer:
Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that work by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses in insects. The compounds are readily absorbed by plants and are present in pollen and nectar, making them highly toxic to bees and other pollinators.
When neonicotinoids come into contact with insects, they bind to certain receptors in the insects' nervous system, specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors are found at the junctions between nerve cells, known as synapses, where they play a key role in transmitting nerve impulses from one cell to the next.
The binding of neonicotinoids to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors interferes with the normal transmission of nerve impulses at the synapses, leading to paralysis and ultimately death in the affected insects. This mode of action is specific to insects, which is why neonicotinoids are effective at controlling insect pests but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
what is a weakness or limitation for using orbeez as a model for a cell?
Answer:
You cant make the organells that detailled or make them at all for that matter?
Explanation:
the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t), while the inability to taste ptc is recessive (t). a. if a man is heterozygous for that trait, what is his genotype?
the ability for a person to taste ptc is a dominant genetic trait (t)
heterozygous means 1 of each allele. Thus, genotype must be Tt
In terms of genetics, being heterozygous means that each biological parent contributed a distinct form (allele) of a genomic marker to the individual. As a result, a person who has two copies of a genetic marker is said to be heterozygous. On the other hand, a person who is homozygous for a marker has identical copies of that marker. Heterozygous. For each gene trait in each pair of chromosomes in diploid animals, there are two alleles, one from the mother and one from the father. An allele is one of two or more variant forms of a gene that can exist. These alleles can all be present at the same locus on a chromosome. Diverse alleles for a particular trait are referred to as heterozygous. You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two copies differ. Which qualities are expressed depends on the interaction between the two alleles.
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25 points + Brainliest for 1st answer!
What would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring generated from a cross of a homozygous yellow seed pea with a homozygous green seed pea plant
Answer:
Genotype - Yy Y - Yellow
Phenotype - Yellow green y - Green
Question 2
If a Yellow jellyfish was crossed with a Goober(green) jellyfish what would be the possible
genotypes of the offspring?
Note: the order of the alleles does not matter in the answer.
The possible genotype of the green offspring is yy, i.e., recessive one and will express only in absence of dominant allele.
What is genotype?In a broad sense, the word "genotype" refers to an organism's genetic makeup; in other words, it describes an organism's entire set of genes.In a narrower sense, the term can refer to the alleles, or variant forms of a gene, that an organism carries.A genotype is a classification of the type of variant found at a specific location (i.e., a locus) in the genome.Symbols can be used to represent it. For example, the letters BB, Bb, bb could be used to represent a specific variant in a gene.In the given scenario, Y is dominant allele which will express in combination with y means the recessive one.Thus, for expressing the green allele, it should be yy.We know that the color of jellyfish is controlled by codominance inheritance pattern and yellow Y and blue B are two alleles and in case of heterozygous the goober or green color occurs then,If Yellow jellyfish is crossed with goober, that is, YY X YB. the Punnett square will be -Y Y
Y YY YY
B YB YB
The possible genotype of offspring will be YY, and YB and therefore, the possible phenotype of offspring will be Yellow, and Green. The Percentage of yellow offspring will be 50% as two out of four are dominant for Y allele and two heterozygous conditions that is 50 % and as there are two copies B alleles are not present so zero percent of blue color.To learn more about genotypes refer to:
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Please help will mark brainliest
I’m this image the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
A. Exocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis
This statistics says that diffusion employs a certain kind of molecular transport.
What is a molecular example?Molecules used to create inorganic chemicals known as molecular substances. Common substances as co2 and water (H2O) are examples (CO2). These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl).
What is called molecular?Molecules are made up of one or even more increased compared. If they contain and over one, they may contain different atoms or the same atoms (for instance, an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). The amount of atoms in biological compounds like proteins and DNA can reach thousands.
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Human blood groups are an example of codominance. The blood types are A ( IAi, IAIA), B (IBi, IBIB), AB (IAIB), and O (ii). A man who is type AB ( IAIB) marries a woman who is type O (ii). What are the chances that their child will have a) type AB blood, b) type O blood, c) type A blood, and d) type B blood?
The chance that the child will have the following genotype is as follows:
type AB blood - 0%type O blood - 0%type A blood - 50%type B blood - 50%What is codominance?Codominance is a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.
As stated in this question, human blood group is an example of codominance because alleles iA and iB express themselves simultaneously when in a heterozygous form.
According to this question, if a man who is type AB (allele - iAiB) marries a woman who is type O (allele ii), the following applies:
iAiB - gametes iA and iB will be producedii - gametes i and i will be producedIf these gametes combine, the likely genotypes of the offsprings will be as follows:
iAi (2)iBi (2)This suggests that only AA and BB genotypes will be produced in the offsprings since alleles iA and iB are dominant over allele i.
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what role can individuals and families play in improving the status of global fish stocks (incorporate wild fisheries and fish farming in your answer)?
To improve the status of global fish stocks we should :1. Promote the management of sustainable fisheries.
There is room for improvement in the FAO's biennial State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) report, which provides an overview of the world's fisheries. The FAO should adopt a preventative stance and create norms.
2. Completely carry out the global plan of action for sharks Nearly ten years ago, COFI established the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, but its implementation has been patchy and frequently insufficient.
3. Boost data quality and detect reconstruction Reliable catch data are crucial for managing fisheries effectively and can aid nations in identifying catch trends and changes to significant fisheries.
4. Reduce illegal fishing by documenting catchesCatch documentation schemes (CDS) are important in reducing IUU fishing, also known as illicit, unreported, and unregulated fishing. When completely deployed, these programs aid in ensuring that the catch is lawful and tracable.
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in the process of glycolysis, four atp molecules are synthesized from four adp molecules. why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of atp?
The net benefit of glycolysis is only two ATP because the two ATP molecules are consumed in initial part of glycolysis, even if the four ATP molecules are created in second half.
One glucose molecule initiates glycolysis, which culminates with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, four ATP molecules overall, and two NADH molecules. The cell has the net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules for usage since the two ATP molecules were required in the first half of the route to prepare six-carbon ring for cleavage. Only two ATP molecules will be produced from a molecule of glucose if the organism is unable to further catabolize pyruvate molecules (through the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle). Pyruvate kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of pyruvate, must be present in sufficient amounts for the final stage of glycolysis to take place.
The entire glycolysis pathway will in this case ,the full glycolysis pathway will continue to function, but the second half will only produce two ATP molecules (instead of the usual four ATP molecules). As a result, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis is pyruvate kinase.
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size of braincase cranial shape- is the skull longer front to back? sagittal crest? sagittal keel? what is the shape of the occipital region? is there a nuchal torus? height of skull. how much skull is above the supraorbital ridge?
The modern human is thought to have the largest cranium, measuring between 120 and 1700 cubic centimetres 3. The head shrank in size and grew more compact, reaching its widest point at the base of the skull.
Brain/body size ratio = cranial capacity (in cubic centimetres). body mass (in kg) Complete the table with the specified species. Species skull capacity (cc) Body Weight Approximation on Average (kg) Body to Brain Ratio gorilla 395 54 7.31 chimpanzee 506 120 4.22 6. The scapular is extended at the suprascapular area and is shorter and broader, making it more mobile and arboreal, whereas the humeral head is rounded and globular. These faunal remains were discovered at Station 1 with the specimen at Station 2 Paleoenvironment.
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antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens at once in order to reduce the number of infectious agents that need to be dealt with. this function of antibodies is known as group of answer choices opsonization. neutralization. agglutination. complement fixation.
Antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens in order to reduce infectious agents that need to be dealt with, this function of antibodies is known as agglutination.
Antibodies are proteins that defend you while an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced via your immune device, antibodies bind to these undesirable substances which will put off them out of your gadget.
Antibodies are proteins produced by means of the immune gadget in reaction to contamination. They're an vital part of the frame's defence device as they work to smash sickness-causing organisms and block them from infecting human cells.
Antibodies are positioned in various areas of your frame, such as your skin, lungs, tears, saliva and even breast milk. In reality, high quantities of antibodies are present in colostrum.
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What are other defenses the body has, in addition to its immune system, that help prevent infection and illness? A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens B. Nerve signals and hormones, which regulate body functions C. White blood cells and antibodies, which destroy pathogens D. The stomach, intestines, and liver, which digest bacteria and viruses
Answer:
A. Skin, tears, mucus, and saliva, which act as barriers to pathogens.
sometimes, plants will reward their pollinators with something that benefits them. what is an example of a plant attractant that is also a pollination reward?(1 point)
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs.
The majority of people are aware that flowers frequently generate nectar, which is vital for promoting pollination and supplying food for hummingbirds and insects. Few people are aware of the extra-floral nectaries, nectar-producing glands that are structurally separate from the flower and found in more than 2,000 plant species in more than 64 families, though they exist in these plants.
Animals that perform pollination while visiting the bloom are rewarded with floral nectar, which is placed inside the flower close to the reproductive organs. Extra-floral nectar has a role in so-called indirect defense by luring predatory herbivores—usually ants—or by discouraging them from feeding on the plant.
Therefore, the two forms of nectar-producing partnerships between plants and animals have long served as textbook illustrations of symmetric mutualism, in which plants supply food or benefits to animals in exchange.
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Answer: Nectar
Explanation:
Why is less energy produced during anaerobic respiration than in aerobic respiration?
Answer:
Oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Explanation:
During anaerobic respiration the oxidation of glucose is incomplete. The reaction therefore releases much less energy – around a nineteenth of the energy released during aerobic respiration. Only two ATP molecules ofchemical energy are produced in comparison with 38 molecules in aerobic respiration.
There are approximately 200 different types of cells in the human body, although all cells are dependent on other cells to
perform body functions. Explain how your model supports this statement?
Answer:
Without being able to see your model, it is difficult for me to answer your question, though I have done what I can to help you understand better.
Explanation:
In the human body, different types of cells have specialized functions that allow them to perform specific tasks. For example, nerve cells are specialized for transmitting electrical signals, while muscle cells are specialized for contracting to produce movement. Despite their specialized functions, however, all cells in the human body depend on other cells to perform their functions properly. This is because the body's various systems, such as the circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems, are made up of many different types of cells that work together to maintain the body's overall health and function. For example, nerve cells need support from other cells such as glial cells in order to properly transmit signals, and muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen supplied by the blood in order to contract and move. In this way, the different types of cells in the human body are dependent on each other to perform their functions and maintain the body's overall health.
refer to the genetic code in the list of materials to answer this question. which amino acid corresponds to the codon acc?
Threonine amino acid corresponds to the codon ACC.
Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are also utilized to create polypeptides. Codons, a set of three nucleotides, are used to code for amino acids. The amino acid threonine is encoded by the codon ACC. Numerous codons specify the majority of the amino acids. This is not shocking at all. For instance, four codons indicate glycine, valine, proline, threonine, and alanine, whereas six codons specify leucine, serine, and arginine.
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The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was (lower/higher) than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
A) higher
B) lower
The rabbit population increased during years when the death rate was lower than the birth rate, reflecting a higher carrying capacity.
What is carrying capacity?The carrying capacity of an environment is described as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.
Population is known to refer to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world.
The primary and I think the most obvious cause of population growth is an imbalance between births and deaths.
In the diagram shown, we can see an increase or growth in population when the death rate increases depicting an imbalance between death and births.
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carotenoids always start out this color, then are changed by chemicals in the body to different colors?
Tetraterpene pigments called carotenoids come in shades of yellow, orange, red, and purple. The most pervasive colors in nature are carotenoids, which are found in photosynthetic bacteria, some types of fungi and archaea, algae, plants, and animals. (true)
what are carotenoids?Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria all contain pigments called carotenoids. Bright yellow, red, and orange hues are created by these pigments in plants.
Types of carotenoidsXanthophylls and carotenes are the two main categories for carotenoids. Antioxidant qualities are present in both varieties of carotenoids. Additionally, some carotenoids may be transformed into vitamin A, which is crucial for the development and health of humans.
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hen t or b cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical cells descending from the original activated cell. what is the name of this group of identical cells? clone hapten memory cells lymphocyte precursors
Helper T cells stimulate the B cell via the binding of CD40L at the T cell to CD40 on the B cellular, thru interaction of different TNF-TNF-receptor circles of relatives ligand pairs, and by way of the directed release of cytokines.
Helper T cells do now not directly kill inflamed cells, as cytotoxic T cells do instead, they help spark off cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to attack inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
Helper T cells no longer immediately kill infected cells, as cytotoxic T cells do. as a substitute they assist activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to assault inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
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4. MSUD is found in one newborn in 200,000 throughout the United States, but one newborn in 200 in the Amish and Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania has the disease. Why is there such a difference in the prevalence of the disease?
Answer:
MSUD stands for Maple Syrup Urine Disease. It is very rare, it occurs in about 1 of every 185,000 births worldwide. A child is born with MSUD when both parents are carriers of three specific gene mutations (changes) – one copy from each parent. These three specific amino acids are leucine, isoleucine and valine. Without the needed enzymes, the three amino acids build up and so do their toxic byproducts that are known as ketoacids.
MSUD occurs more often in communities that have little genetic variation (such as the Mennonite and Amish community) These groups have a closure of people (like they marry with their closed relatives) who are carriers of the mutated gene.
Which one by itself does not possess the ability to synthesize its own proteins?Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.a virusa human cell, a virus, and a bacterial cella viral particle and a bacterial cella human cella bacterial cell
The viral particle entities do not possess the ability to synthesize their own proteins.
A virus doesn't have the propensity to create its own proteins. Although viruses cannot carry out life-sustaining processes or reproduce, they are the classic parasites of the living kingdoms. Viruses are neither animals, plants, or bacteria. Since they lack ribosomes and are therefore unable to make proteins, they must rely on the ribosomes of their host cells to convert viral messenger RNA into viral proteins.
Through the processes of transcription and translation, proteins are created in cells. In essence, the transcription process includes converting the DNA template into mRNA. Following transcription, in which the amino acids are joined in a predetermined sequence with the aid of the genetic code, comes translation.
Hence, viral particle lacks protein synthesizing machinery.
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motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) and acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by the mollusc onchidella binneyi) to a synapse, what would you expect to happen? convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
acetylcholinesterase degrades ach in the synapse. if a neurophysiologist applies onchidal (
constant muscle stimulation paralysis of muscle tissue decrease in the frequency of action potentials no effect
convulsions due to constant muscle stimulation
The main cholinesterase in the body is acetylcholinesterase, commonly known as AChE, AChase, or acetylhydrolase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; scientific name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase). It is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and a few other choline esters:
Acetylcholine with water produce acetate and choline.
It is mostly located at neuromuscular junctions and in cholinergic chemical synapses, where its activity stops synaptic transmission. It is a member of the enzyme family known as carboxylesterase. It is the main enzyme that organophosphorus substances like pesticides and nerve poisons block.
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