What are the implications of formal and informal communications to managers at the workplace​

Answer:

Formal communication is communication through predefined channels set by organizations. Typically conveyed from top leadership to various departments that funnels down to lower level employees. Formal communication is backed by organizational procedure, and it is necessary to fulfill the goals of the organization. Formal communication is created to increase efficiency within an organization and provides a smooth and streamlined method of communication that travels upward and downward. It is used to easily communicate rules, procedures, and company policy to lower level employees. Also, formal communication is used in situations where documentation is needed to prove or disprove a claim or complaint.

Informal communication is more relational than formal. It is not backed by any predetermined channels and can happen anywhere within the organization. The primary goal of informal communication is to preserve and establish relationships with colleagues, superiors, and subordinates. Since it is not defined by any channels, informal communication moves a lot faster; however, it does not leave a paper trail or official documentation. Informal communication is all about relationships, but it is also critical to businesses because it allows employees to give feedback to their superiors. It facilitates the action of upward interface and enables communication to go both ways efficiently.    

A project has an initial cost of $89,800, a life of 7 years, and equal annual cash inflows. The required return is 8.2 percent. According to the profitability index decision rule, what is the minimum annual cash flow necessary to accept the project?

Reasons why South African post office taking private courier companies to court(10)​

Which of the following characteristics implies that a quantitative model is probabilistic in nature?
(a)The fact that it uses random variables.
(b)The fact that it uses an exponential function.
(c)The fact that it measures time in discrete steps.
(d)The fact that it is based on theory rather than data.

2. Provide three examples of innovative activities, practices that leaders might undertake. Do not limit your ideas to
those presented in the text.

State and explain ways to set-up business in domestic market?

Palisade Creek Co. is a merchandising business that uses the perpetual inventory system. The account balances for Palisade Creek as of May 1, 2018, are as follows. Assume all accounts have normal balances.
110 Cash $83,600 312 Dividends $135,000
112 Accounts Receivable 233,900 313 Income Summary —
115 Inventory 624,400 410 Sales 5,069,000
116 Estimated Returns Inventory 28,000 510 Cost of Goods Sold 2,823,000
117 Prepaid Insurance 16,800 520 Sales Salaries Expense 664,800
118 Store Supplies 11,400 521 Advertising Expense 281,000
123 Store Equipment 569,500 522 Depreciation Expense —
124 Accumulated Depreciation— Store Equipment 56,700 523 Store Supplies Expense —
210 Accounts Payable 96,600 529 Miscellaneous Selling Expense12,600
211 Salaries Payable — 530 Office Salaries Expense 382,100
212 Customers Refunds Payable 50,000 531 Rent Expense 83,700
310 Common Stock 100,000 532 Insurance Expense —
311 Retained Earnings 585,300 539 Miscellaneous Administrative Expense 7,800
Part 1: Journalize the transactions below for May, the last month of the fiscal year. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Part 2: Using the attached spreadsheet, post the journal entries from Part 1 to the general ledger. Extend the month-end balances to the appropriate balance columns after all posting is completed. In this problem, you are not required to update or post to the accounts receivable and accounts payable subsidiary ledgers.
May 1: Paid rent for May, $5,000.
Comprehensive Problem 2
Part 3:
NOTE: You must complete parts 1 and 2 before completing part 3.
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.

The present value of an annuity is the sum of the discounted value of all future cash flows. You have the opportunity to invest in several annuities. Which of the following 10-year annuities has the greatest present value (PV)? Assume that all annuities have the same positive interest rate.
a. An annuity that pays $1,000 at the end of each year
b. An annuity that pays $500 at the end of every six months
c. An annuity that pays $1,000 at the beginning of each year
d. An annuity that pays $500 at the beginning of every six months
An ordinary annuity selling at $7,715. 86 today promises to make equal payments at the end of each year for the next three years (N). If the annuity's appropriate interest rate (I) remains at 5. 00% during this time, what will be the value of the annual annuity payment (PMT)?
a. $4,108. 33
b. 2673.54
c. 3541.66
d. 2833.33

Describe TWO ways in which the above law protects citizens against human
rights violations.
​

You have decided to buy a used car. The dealer has offered you two options: (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, and PVA of $1) (Use the appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Pay $620 per month for 20 months and an additional $12,000 at the end of 20 months. The dealer is charging an annual interest rate of 24%. Make a one-time payment of $16,864, due when you purchase the car. 1-a. Determine how much cash the dealer would charge in option (a). (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 1-b. In present value terms, which offer is clearly a better deal

True or False: In general, term loans may be created and modified more easily than bond issues because (1) there are fewer parties to the transaction, and (2) the borrower and the lender have the potential to meet directly to reach mutually agreeable terms.

Weekly demand figures at Hot Pizza are as follows:
Week Demand($)
1 108
2 116
3 118
4 124
5 96
6 119
7 96
8 102
9 112
10 102
11 92
12 91
Using the Hot Pizza weekly demand figures provided, estimate demand for Week 4 to Week 12 by using a 3-week moving average as well as simple exponential smoothing with α = 0.2. Evaluate the MAD, MAPE, MSE, bias, and TS in each case. Which of the two methods do you prefer? Why? Include all calculations as well as your narrative explanation and summary.

The accounting records of Diego Company revealed the following costs, among others:
Factory insurance $32,000
Raw material used $256,000
Customer entertainment $15,000
Indirect labor $45,000
Depreciation on salespersons' cars $22,000
Production equipment rental costs $72,000
Costs that would be considered in the calculation of manufacturing overhead total:
A. $149,000.
B. $171,000.
C. $186,000.
D. $442,000.
E. some other amount.

If variances are recorded in the accounts at the time the manufacturing costs are incurred, what does a debit balance in Direct Materials Price Variance represent?

XYZ Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product B7 and Product Z5. Data concerning the expected production of each product and the expected total direct labor-hours (DLHs) required to produce that output appear below:

Expected Production Direct Labor-Hours Per Unit Total Direct Labor-Hours
Product B7 300 5.0 1,500
Product Z5 800 3.0 2,400
Total direct labor-hours 3,900

The direct labor rate is $15.10 per DLH. The direct materials cost per unit is $136.20 for Product B7 and $204.40 for Product Z5. The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity:

Activity cost pools Activity measures Estimated overhead cost Expected activity
Product B7 Product Z5 Total
Labor-related DLHs $39,585 1,500 2,400
Production orders Orders $26,884 500 600
Order size MHs $462,768 4,600 4,700

The unit product cost of Product Z5 under activity-based costing is closest to: ____________

Using the following transactions, record journal entries, create financial statements, and assess the impact of each transaction on the financial statements.
Jun. 1 Jenna Aracel, the owner, invested $100,000 cash, office equipment with a value of $5,000, and $60,000 of drafting equipment to launch the company in exchange for common stock.
Jun. 2 The company purchased land worth $49,000 for an office by paying $6,300 cash and signing a long-term note payable for $42,700.
Jun. 3 The company purchased a portable building with $55,000 cash and moved it onto the land acquired on June 2.
Jun. 4 The company paid $3,000 cash for the premium on an 18-month insurance policy.
Jun. 5 The company completed and delivered a set of plans for a client and collected $6,200 cash.
Jun. 6 The company purchased $20,000 of additional drafting equipment by paying $9,500 cash and signing a long-term note payable for $10,500.
Jun. 7 The company completed $14,000 of engineering services for a client. This amount is to be received in 30 days.
Jun. 8 The company purchased $1,150 of additional office equipment on credit.
Jun. 9 The company completed engineering services for $22,000 on credit.
Jun. 10 The company received a bill for rent of equipment that was used on a recently completed job. The $1,333 rent cost must be paid within 30 days.
Jun. 12 The company collected $7,000 cash in partial payment from the client billed on June 9.
Jun. 14 The company paid $1,200 cash for wages to a drafting assistant.
Jun. 17 The company paid $1,150 cash to settle the account payable created in on June 8.
Jun. 20 The company paid $925 cash for minor maintenance of its drafting equipment.
Jun. 23 The company paid $9,480 cash in dividends.
Jun. 28 The company paid $1,200 cash for wages to a drafting assistant.
Jun. 29 The company paid $2,500 cash for advertisements on the web during June.

Required:
Journalize the above entires.

A car dealer leases a small computer with software for $5,000 per year. As an alterative he could buy the computer for $7,500 and lease the software for $3,500 per year. Any time he would decide to switch to some other computer he could cancel software lease and sell the computer for $500.
If he buys the computer nad leases the software, what is the payback period?
a. 3 years
b. 4 years
c. 5 years
d. 6 years
If he kept the computer and software for 8 years, what would be the benefit-cost ratio, based on a 5% interest rate.
a. 1.5
b. 1.4
c. 1.3
d. 1.2

A company's perpetual preferred stock currently trades at $87.50 per share, and it pays an $8.00 annual dividend. If the company were to sell a new preferred issue, it would incur a flotation cost of 5.00% of the issue price. What is the firm's cost of preferred stock?
a. 8.25%
b. 9.14%
c. 8.69%
d. 9.62%

Wallaby Kite Company, a small Melbourne firm that sells kites on the Web, wants a master budget for the three months beginning January 1, 2012. It desires an ending minimum cash balance of $20,000 each month. Sales are forecast at an average wholesale selling price of $8 per kite. Merchandise costs average $4 per kite. All sales are on credit, payable within 30 days, but experience has shown that 60 percent of current sales are collected in the current month, 30 percent in the next month, and 10 percent in the month thereafter. Bad debts are negligible.
In January, Wallaby Kite is beginning just-in-time (JIT) deliveries from suppliers, which means that purchases will equal expected sales. On January 1, purchases will cease until inventory decreases to $24,000, after which time purchases will equal sales. Purchases during any given month are paid in full during the following month. Monthly operating expenses are as follows:
Wages and salaries....$60,000
Insurance expired...........500
Depreciation.................1,000
Miscellaneous.............10,000
$1,000/month + 10% of quarterly sales over
Rent...........................$40,000
Cash dividends of $6,000 are to be paid quarterly, beginning January 15, and are declared on the 15th of the previous month. All operating expenses are paid as incurred, except insurance, depreciation, and rent. Rent of $1,000 is paid at the beginning of each month, and the additional 10 percent of sales is paid quarterly on the 10th of the month following the end of the quarter. The next rent settlement date is January 10.
The company plans to buy some new fixtures for $12,000 cash in March.
Money can be borrowed and repaid in multiples of $2,000. Management wants to minimize borrowing and repay rapidly. Simple interest of 10 percent per annum is computed monthly but paid when the principal is repaid. Assume that borrowing occurs at the beginning, and repayments at the end, of the months in question. Compute interest to the nearest dollar.

The​ "Truth in Savings​ Law" requires banks to advertise their rates on investments such as CDs and savings accounts as annual percentage yields​ (APY).
a) true
b) false

Use the following tax rates and income brackets to answer the following question(s).
Tax Rate Individual Returns Joint Returns
10% $0 to $8,350 $0 to $16,700
15% $8,351 to $33,950 $16,701 to $67,900
25% $33,951 to $82,250 $67,901 to $137,050
28% $82,251 to $171,550 $137,051 to $208,850
33% $171,551 to $372,950 $208,851 to $372,950
35% Over $372,951 Over $372,951
Josh earned $89,700 in taxable income and files an individual tax return. What is the amount of Josh's taxes for the year?

You want to borrow $85,000 from your local bank to buy a new sailboat. You can afford to make monthly payments of $1,450, but no more. Assuming monthly compounding, what is the highest rate you can afford on a 72-month APR loan? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

The ____ is equal to the sum of the squares of the market shares of all the firms in an industry. a. market concentration ratio b. Herfindahl-Hirschman index c. correlation coefficient d. standard deviation of concentration e. none of the above

Types of Financial Assets Match the description of the security to the type of financial asset. A security that provides a payoff that depends on the values of other assets. Multiple Choice equity security debt security derivative security None of these

Boswal Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The Assembly Department started the month with 6,000 units in its beginning work in process inventory that were 80% complete with respect to conversion costs. An additional 52,000 units were transferred in from the prior department during the month to begin processing in the Assembly Department. There were 18,000 units in the ending work in process inventory of the Assembly Department that were 20% complete with respect to conversion costs. What were the equivalent units for conversion costs in the Assembly Department for the month

The Jackson-Timberlake Wardrobe Co. just paid a dividend of $2.15 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 4 percent per year indefinitely. Investors require a return of 10.5 percent on the company's stock.

Required:
a. What is the current stock price?
b. What will the stock price be in 3 years?
c. What will the stock price be in 15 years?

In assembly-line balancing, cycle time (the ratio of available production time to scheduled production) is the: minimum time that a product is allowed at each workstation. maximum time that a product is allowed at each workstation. inverse of the minimum number of workstations needed. sum of all the task times divided by the maximum number of workstations. equivalent of the maximum task time among all tasks.

The following activities occur at Greenwich Corporation. a company that manufactures a variety of products.a. Various individuals manage the parts inventories.b. A clerk in the factory issues purchase orders for a job.c. The personnel department trains new production workers.d. The factory’s general manager meets with other department heads such as marketing to coordinate plans.e. Direct labor workers assemble products.f. Engineers design new products.g. The materials storekeeper issues raw materials to be used in jobs.h. The maintenance department performs periodic preventive maintenance on general-use equipment.Required:Classify each of the activities above as either a unit-level, batch-level, Product-level, or organizationsustaining activity.

Using the money demand and money supply model, an open market purchase of Treasury securities by the Federal Reserve would cause the equilibrium interest rate to

Following are summary financial statement data for Nordstrom Inc. for fiscal years ended 2014 through 2016.

$ thousands 2014 2015 2016
Sales $15,860 $15,478 $14,757
Net income 564 437 354
Total assets 7,886 8,115 7,858
Equity 873 977 870

Required:
a. Compute the return on assets (ROA) for fiscal years ended 2019 and 2018.
b. Compute the profit margin (PM) for fiscal years ended 2019 and 2018.
c. Compute the asset turnover (AT) for fiscal years ended 2019 and 2018.

what is the difference between time work and piece work rates​