Use the information to answer the question.
A spinner contains 10 equal-sized sections. The sections are colored red, green, black, or orange. The spinner is spun 50 times. The spinner
landed on:
• red 19 times
green 11 times
• black 4 times
orange 16 times
Based on these results, how many sections are most likely each color on the spinner? Enter the answers in the boxes.
Color Number of Spinner Sections
Red
Green
Black
Orange

Answers

Answer 1

The number of sections that are most likely on each color on the spinner are

Red = 4Green = 2Black = 1Orange = 3

How many sections are most likely each color on the spinner?

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

Number of times the spinner is spun = 50 times

The outcomes are

Red = 19 timesGreen = 11 timesBlack = 4 timesOrange = 16 times

Number of sections = 10

The section of each color is then calculated as

Color = Color outcomes/Number of times * Number of sections

Using the above as a guide, we have the following:

Red = 19/50 * 10 = 3.8

Green = 11/50 * 10 = 2.2

Black = 4/50 * 10 = 0.8

Orange = 16/50 * 10 = 3.2

Approximate

Red = 4

Green = 2

Black = 1

Orange = 3

The above represents the possible sections

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Related Questions

Answer to this required:

Answers

Anything raised to 0 is 1 and anything to the power of 1 is equal to itself

1•9

Solution

9

Answer:

9

Step-by-step explanation:

3.4^0 = 1

9^1 = 9

1 * 9 = 9

Help me!!!
Graph the equation:
y - 2 = 3 (x - 2)

Answers

Answer:

See below and attached graph

Step-by-step explanation:

If you are using a graphing calculator it is a breeze. You write down the equation as it is and it should plot it, depending on what calculator you use.

If you are doing this manually here are the steps
We are given y - 2 = 3(x-2)

Expand the brackets on the right hand side
3(x - 2) = 3x - 6

So the original equation becomes
y - 2 = 3x - 6

Adding 2 to both sides
y - 2 + 2 = 3x -6 + 2

y = 3x - 4   [1]

This form of equation is known as a slope-intercept form of the line

We need two points to plot a line. This can be done by choosing a value for x, finding the y value which gives one point. Then repeat for another value of x to get y for that value giving another point. Draw a straight line through both points

Point 1
Let's choose x = 2 and plug this into the equation [1]
y = 3·2 - 4 = 6- 4 = 2.
So (2, 2) is one point on the graph

Point 2

Choose another value for x, say x = 4

y = 3·4 - 4

y = 12-4

y = 8

So (4, 8) is another point

Draw a line through these two points

i need help divided 4/7 by 3

Answers

Answer:

0.1904

Step-by-step explanation:

4/7 ÷ 3 is = 0.1904

Answer: I hope this helps

Step-by-step explanation:

4/7 divided by 3

Dividing is equivalent to multiplying by the reciprocal
4/7 times 1/3 or 4/7•1/3

Multiply the fractions

And you get

4/21 or 0.190476

Can someone help me?

Answers

Answer:

Y=6x-12

Step-by-step explanation:

whenever the X is at zero the number across from it is the Y-intercept. and to find the slope just count how much they are increasing or decreasing by.

Select all of the zero(s) of f(x)

Answers

Answer:

B, F

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]2x^2(x-4)^2=0 \\ \\ \implies x^2=0, (x-4)^2=0 \\ \\ \implies x=0,4[/tex]

The expression 8x³-1 is a ...
Select all that apply
linear
quadratic
cubic
quartic
quintic
monomial
binomial
trinomial

Answers

Observing the nature of the provided equation and the degree of the polynomial , The answer is Cubic.

What is a polynomial?

Sums of terms with the form  kxⁿ, where K is any number and N is a positive integer, are known as polynomials.

What do you mean by degree of polynomial?

The highest degree of a polynomial's monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients is referred to as the polynomial's degree in mathematics.

Expression : [tex]8x^{3}-1[/tex]

Degree of polynomial =3

The expression is a Cubic Expression.

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Observing the nature of the provided equation and the degree of the polynomial , The answer is Cubic.

What is a polynomial?

Sums of terms with the form  kxⁿ, where K is any number and N is a positive integer, are known as polynomials.

What do you mean by degree of polynomial?

The highest degree of a polynomial's monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients is referred to as the polynomial's degree in mathematics.

Expression : 8x³ - 1

Degree of polynomial =3

The expression is a Cubic Expression.

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Multiply.

17.22(−2.4)

Enter your answer in the box.

Answers

Answer:

-41.328

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

-41.328

Step-by-step explanation:

Addition multiplied by subtraction gets you subtraction. +-=-

so now, ()= multiplication

so now all you have to do is 17.22 times 2.4 which gets us 41.328

then, add the negative sign which gives you -41.328

yw :)

For rhombus LMNO, m∠LON = 102° and NP = 5 units.

Rhombus L M N O is shown. Diagonals are drawn from point L to point N and from point M to point O and intersect at point P. All sides are congruent.

Use the diagram of rhombus LMNO to find the missing measures.

The measure of ∠LPM is
°.

The measure of ∠PMN is
°.

The length of LN is
units.

Answers

the measure of ∠LPM is 90°

the measure of ∠PMN is 102°

the length of LN is 10 units.

Define Rhombus.

A rhombus is a special case of a parallelogram, and it is a four-sided quadrilateral. In a rhombus, opposite sides are parallel and the opposite angles are equal.

For a Rhombus, LMNO

∠LON = 102°

NP = 5 units

By the properties of Rhombus, we know that

All sides of a rhombus are congruent (equal)

So, LM = MN = NO = OL

and

Opposite angles are equal and the opposite sides are parallel.

So, ∠LON = 102° = ∠LMN

Since Adjacent angles add up to 180°.

Therefore ∠L + ∠M = 180°

                 ∠M + ∠N = 180°

                 ∠N + ∠O = 180°

                 ∠O + ∠L = 180°

So, ∠N = 180° - ∠O = 180° - 102° =78°

      ∠L = 180° - ∠O = 180° - 102° =78°

      ∠M = 180° - ∠L = 180° - 78° =102°

Diagonals bisect each other at 90° or we can also say that each of the two diagonals in a rhombus is the perpendicular bisector of the other.

So, ∠LPM = ∠NP0 = ∠MPN = ∠LPO =90°

Thus, the measure of ∠LPM is 90°

         the measure of ∠PMN is 102°

         the length of LN is 10 units.

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Answer:

Lpm= 90

PMN=51

LN= 10

Step-by-step explanation:

The cost of three pens and one rubber is 2.25 the cost of two pens and two rubbers is 1.90 work out how much one pen costs and how much one rubber costs

Answers

Answer:

0.65 pens

2.25 rubber

Step-by-step explanation

You can make two equations with the information given and solve them simultaneously to find x and y. Assume x is pens and y is rubber.

1.
Kim's age to her sister's age, you get 36. How old is each
Kim's age is twice that of her sister. When you add
sister?
(a) Write an equation that represents the situation. Explain any variable used.
(b) Solve the equation from Part (a). Show your work. State your solution as a complete sentence.

Answers

Sister's age will be equal to 12 and Kim's age is 24.

What is an equation?

An equation is an expression that shows the relationship between two or more numbers and variables. Expression in maths is defined as the collection of numbers variables and functions by using signs like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Consider that x is sister's age, Kim's age is twice that of her sister

Thus Kim's age = 2x

Kim’s age + Sister’s age = 36

The equation:

x + 2x = 36

Now solve the equation;

x + 2x = 36

3x = 36

 x = 36 / 3

 x = 12

Therefore, Kim's age = 2x = 2(12) = 24

Hence, Sister's age is 12 and Kim's age is 24.

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Do not understand this question

Answers

Answer:

  A, C

Step-by-step explanation:

You want all the shapes that are enlargements of shape X, which is 1 unit high and 3 units wide.

Enlargement

An enlargement of shape X multiplies each of its dimensions by the same factor. When it is enlarged by a factor of 2, the dimensions become ...

  high : wide = 1 : 3 = 2 : 6 . . . . . . matches shape C

When it is enlarged by a factor of 3, the dimensions become ...

  high : wide = 1 : 3 = 3 : 9 . . . . . . . matches shape A

The 2-high shape B is too short, being 4 1/2 wide instead of 6. Shape F is too long, being 7 wide instead of 6.

The 3-high shapes D and E are too short, being 8 and 5 wide instead of 9.

__

Additional comment

An enlargement preserves the aspect ratio of the shape, the height to width ratio. Here, that is 1:3. Any shape with a different aspect ratio is not an enlargement of X.

Here is a linear equation: y= 1 4​x+2. What is the x-intercept of the graph of the equation?

Answers

As per the linear equation, the x-intercept of the graph of the equation will be (-8, 0).

What is slope?

It is possible to determine a line's direction and steepness by looking at its slope. Finding the slope between lines inside a coordinate plane can aid in anticipating if the lines are perpendicular, parallel, or none at all without physically using a compass.

As per the information given in the question,

The given equation is,

y= -1/4 x + 2

Now, let's take y = 0 for x- intercept,

So, the equation will be,

0 = 1/4x + 2

1/4x = -2

x= -8

The x-intercept is (-8, 0).

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The question sees incomplete, your question may be:

Here is a linear equation: y = 1/4x + 2 What is the x-intercept of the graph of the equation?

Which ordered pair lies on the graph of the function y = -2x + 1? (0, -2) (2, -2) (3, -5) (5, 2

Answers

So, the ordered pair which lies on the graph of the function y = -2x + 1 is (3,-5)

We will use the substitution method and check for all the ordered pair which are given

If the ordered pair lies on the graph, then it should satisfy the function.

So,

Given,

y = -2x+1

First check for (0,-2)

x=0, y=-2

Substitute the values,

y = -2x+1

-2=-2(0)+1

-2=1

It is false.

Next check for (2,-2)

x=2, y=-2

Substitute the values,

y = -2x+1

-2=-2(2)+1

-2=-3

It is false.

Next check for (3,-5)

x=3, y=-5

Substitute the values,

y = -2x+1

-5=-2(3)+1

-5=-5

It is true.

Next check for (5,2)

x=5, y=2

Substitute the values,

y = -2x+1

2=-2(5)+1

2=9

It is false.

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received the new experimental drua. 23 subiects were assigned to the control group and received a standard, well-known treatment. after a suitable period. the reduction in blood pressure for each subiect was recorded. thev are going to conduct a test at a 5% sianificance level to see if the mean reduction in blood pressure is different between the arouos. the resultina statistics are as follows:

Answers

To determine if the mean reduction in blood pressure is different between the two groups, you can use a statistical test such as a two-sample t-test. This test compares the means of two groups and determines whether the difference between the means is statistically significant.

To conduct the t-test, you will need the following information:

The sample size of each group (number of subjects in each group)The mean reduction in blood pressure for each groupThe standard deviation of the reduction in blood pressure for each groupThe level of significance (in this case, 5%)

Once you have this information, you can use a statistical software or calculator to perform the t-test and determine the p-value. The p-value is a measure of the probability that the difference between the means is due to chance.

If the p-value is less than the level of significance (5% in this case), then the difference between the means is statistically significant and you can conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean reduction in blood pressure between the two groups.

If the p-value is greater than the level of significance, then the difference between the means is not statistically significant and you cannot conclude that there is a difference in the mean reduction in blood pressure between the two groups.

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The number line below is divided into 4 equal parts. Fill in the missing fractions and percentages.
Note that your fractions don't need to be in simplest form.

Answers

We can fill in the remaining fractions and percentages.
as
0             1/4            2/4           3/4              1
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
0%          25%         50%           75%       100%

What is a number line?

A number line is a straight line that is used to represent real numbers. The numbers are usually represented as points on the line, and the distance between the points corresponds to the magnitude of the numbers. The numbers can be positive or negative and are typically marked at regular intervals.

The missing parts are


0             1/4            2/4           3/4              1
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
0%          25%         50%           75%       100%

This is how we can fill in the remaining fractions and percentages.

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Solve ABC using diagram and the given measurement A=64 a=7.4

Answers

Answer:

Hope this helps!

expressions equivalent to 9 2/3

Answers

The equivalent expression for the given expression is 29/3.

What is an equivalent expression?

Equivalent expressions are expressions that work the same even though they look different. If two algebraic expressions are equivalent, then the two expressions have the same value when we plug in the same value for the variable.

The given mixed fraction [tex]9\frac{2}{3}[/tex].

There are equivalent improper fractions for all mixed numbers. By multiplying the integer by the denominator and then adding the numerator, they are transformed. The numerator will not change.

Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction as follows

Improper fraction = [(Numerator × Denominator)+Numerator]/Denominator

[(9×3)+2]/3

=[27+2]/3

= 29/3

Therefore, the equivalent fraction for the given mixed fraction is 29/3.

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A professor wanted to know what proportion of college students believe in ghosts. She polled 200 students and found that 58% said they believe in ghosts. Create a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of college students believing in ghosts. a. (0.5116, 0.64840 b. (0.2074, 0.3727) c. (0.4901, 0.6699) d. (0.2271,0.3529)

Answers

A 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of college students believing in ghosts is Option(c)  (0.4901, 0.6699)

According to the question,

A professor wanted to know what proportion of college students believe in ghosts.

For that he drawn a sample from the college.

Sample size : n = 200

Proportion of students that believed in ghosts in sample = 58%

=> p = 0.58

Proportion of students who does not believe in ghost : q = 1 - p

=> q = 0.42

We have to create a 99% confidence interval for a true proportion of college students believing in the ghosts

Formula of C.I = [tex]p \pm ( z_{\alpha} \sqrt{\frac{pq}{n}})[/tex]

Where p and q is sample proportion , z is value of CI at given α level of significance and n is sample size

C.I at 99% = 0.58 ± 2.576 √0.58×0.42/200

=> 0.58 ± 2.576 √0.001218

=>  0.58 ± 2.576 × 0.035

=> 0.58 ± 0.08958

C.I = ( 0.58 - 0.08958 , 0.58 + 0.08958)
=> C.I = (0.4901, 0.6699)

Hence, Option (c) is correct

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Answer:

41%

Step-by-step explanation:

Jeff took out a 15 year unsubsidized loan for $9.800 to attend four years of college. The rate is 4.3%. How much interest accrued in the first four-and-a-half years

Answers

The interest accrued in the first four years is $1.69 and a half years is $0.21.

What is interest rate?

The amount that the lender charges the borrower above and beyond the principal amount is referred to as the interest rate. A person who deposits money in a bank or other financial institution also earns additional income in terms of the recipient, known as interest, taking into account the time value of money.

Given:

Jeff took out a 15 year unsubsidized loan for $9.800 to attend four years of college.

The rate is 4.3%.

We have to find the interest accrued in the first four-and-a-half years.

First to find the interest for first four years.

p = $9.800,  r  = 4.3% = 0.043,  t = 4

⇒ I = P x r x t

   I = 9.800 x 0.043 x 4

   I = 1.6856

   I = $1.69

Now to find the interest for a half years.

p = $9.800 ,  r = 4.3% = 0.043,  t = 1/2

I = p x r x t

I = 9.800 x 0.043 x 1/2

I = 0.2107

I = $0.21

Hence, the interest accrued in the first four years is $1.69 and a half years is $0.21.

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Which variable has a binomial distribution?
When tiles are drawn, with replacement, from a bag of lettered tiles, X is the number of vowels in 5 draws.
When tiles are drawn, without replacement, from a bag of lettered tiles, X is the number of times it takes to get a vowel.
When tiles are drawn, without replacement, from a bag of lettered tiles, X is the number of vowels in 5 draws.
When tiles are drawn, with replacement, from a bag of lettered tiles, X is the number of times it takes to get a vowel.

Answers

When tiles are drawn, with replacement, from a bag of lettered tiles, X is the number of vowels in 5 draws variable has binomial distribution

The possibility that a value would take one of two independent values given a particular combination of factors or assumptions is summarised by the statistical distribution known as the binomial distribution.

The basic presumptions of the binomial distribution are:

each trial has a single possible outcome each trial has an equal chance of success each trial is either independent of the others or mutually exclusive.

As opposed to a continuous distribution, like the normal distribution, the binomial distribution is a frequent discrete distribution used in statistics.

The probability of success raised to the power of the number of successes and the probability of failure raised to the power of the difference between the number of successes and the number of trials are multiplied to create the binomial distribution.

The result is then multiplied by the sum of the number of attempts and the number of successes.

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Select the best answer. The central limit theorem is important in statistics because it allows us to use the Normal distribution to find probabilities involving the sample mean (a) if the sample size is reasonably large (for any population). (b) if the population is Normally distributed and the sample size is reasonable large. (c) if the population is Normally distributed (for any sample size). (d) if the population is Normally distributed and the population standard deviation is known (for any sample size). (e) if the population size is reasonably large (whether the population distribution is known or not).

Answers

The central limit theorem's not needed when the original distribution is normal, the distribution of the sample mean is always normal in that case. So, option (a) is correct. If the sample size is reasonably large (for any population) is correct.

Given that,

The central limit theorem is important in statistics because it allows us to use the Normal distribution to find probabilities involving the sample mean,

In layman's words, the theorem asserts that regardless of the form of the initial population distribution, the sampling distribution of the mean tends to resemble a normal distribution as the sample size rises.

Statistics benefits from the Central Limit Theorem because it makes it safe to assume that the sampling distribution of the mean will be typically normal. As we will see in the next section, this means that we can benefit from statistical methods that presume a normal distribution.

The distribution of people's heights within a population is one illustration of how the central limit theorem is put to use. Even though the population's distribution of heights is not normal, when we sample this population, the distribution of the sample averages will be roughly normal.

Therefore,

The central limit theorem's not needed when the original distribution is normal, the distribution of the sample mean is always normal in that case. So, option (a) is correct. If the sample size is reasonably large (for any population) is correct.

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it has been (mathematically) proven that there is no polynomial time algorithm for any np-complete problem.

Answers

It has been (mathematically) proven that there is no polynomial time algorithm for any np-complete problem. the given statement is false.

In order to solve previously unsolvable issues, Leonid Khachiyan developed a polynomial-time method, in which the number of processing steps increases as a power of the number of variables rather than exponentially.

Determining whether NP-complete problems are tractable or intractable remains one of the most crucial concerns in theoretical computer science since it is unknown if any polynomial-time algorithms will ever be developed for them.

So, it is unknown if any polynomial-time algorithms will ever be developed for them.

By applying different constraints, a linear function is maximized or reduced in linear programming, a mathematical modelling approach. In commercial planning, industrial engineering, and—to a lesser extent—the social and physical sciences, this method has proven helpful for directing quantitative decisions.

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Find tan(0), if cot(0) = -2.6

Answers

According to Trigonometric Identity , tan(theta) = -5 / 13

What are Trigonometric Identities ?

Trigonometric Identities are equality statements that hold true for all values of the variables in the equation and that use trigonometry functions. The relationship between a triangle's side length and angle is expressed by a variety of specific trigonometric identities.

Sin, cos, and tan are the three fundamental trigonometric ratios. The reciprocals of sin, cos, and tan are represented by the three additional trigonometric ratios sec, cosec, and cot in trigonometry, respectively.

According to the given information

We know that

tan(theta) = 1/cot(theta)

                = 1 / -2.6

                = -1 / 2.6

                = -10 / 26

                = -5 / 13

According to Trigonometric Identity , tan(theta) = -5 / 13

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To describe the details of the significant result, compare the provided observed and expected frequencies. Which of the following statements best describes the results? a. A greater proportion of the adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa live in the Northeast than live in the other regions when compared to the general US population
b. A greater proportion of the adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa live in the West than live in the other regions when compared to the general US population c. A greater proportion of the adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa live in the South than live in the other regions when compared to the general US population

Answers

c. A greater proportion of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa live in the South than live in the other regions when compared to the general US population.

Null Hypothesis, [tex]H_{0}[/tex] : All proportions are the same  

Alternative Hypothesis, [tex]H_{1}[/tex]: At least two of the proportions are not the same

The alternative and null are both population-based assertions. The reason for this is that the purpose of hypothesis testing is to draw conclusions about a population from a sample.

The null and alternative hypotheses are two competing claims that researchers weigh the evidence for and against using a statistical test:

Null hypothesis: There’s no effect on the population.

Alternative hypothesis: There’s an effect on the population.

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What is the length of the missing side of the triangle below to the nearest tenth of a centimeter?

4^2 + 6^2 = C^2

Answers

Answer:

  7.2 cm

Step-by-step explanation:

You want the value of C to the nearest tenth centimeter, given that 4^2 + 6^2 = C^2.

Solution

Simplifying gives ...

  4^2 + 6^2 = C^2

  16 +36 = C^2 = 52

  C = √52 ≈ 7.2

The length of the missing side is about 7.2 cm.

Which coordinates are the best estimate of the solution to the system of equations. -3x+y=2 -4x+7y=1

Answers

The best estimate of the solution to the system of linear equations is the point are (x,y) will be (0.76, 4.30).

What is linear equations?

A linear equation in two variables is one that is written in the form axe + by + c=0, where a, b, and c are real numbers and the coefficients of x and y, i.e. a and b, are not equal to zero.

Given:

as x,y are variables,

-3x + y = 2 ..............(1)

- 4x + 7y = 1 ...........(2)

We know that,

The solution of the system of linear equations is the intersection point of both graphs

Multiply equation (1) by 7 on both sides and then subtract it from eq (2)

- 4x + 7y = 1 ...........(2)

-21x + 7y = 14 ..............(1)

⇒- 17 x = -13

⇒ 17 x = 13

⇒ x =[tex]\frac{13}{17}[/tex]

⇒ x = 0.76

Now on putting value of x  = 0.76 in eq (1) we get

- 3x + y = 2 ............ (1)

⇒- 3(0.76) + y = 2

⇒y = 4.30

The best estimate of the solution to the system of linear equations is the point (x,y) will be (0.76, 4.30).

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Write each of these numbers in base five as a sum of multiples of powers of five (5):

(a). 1012⁵
(b). 101⁵
(c). 1.1⁵
(d). 10.21⁵
(e). 210⁵​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

a) 1012⁵ can be written as:

1012⁵ = 15¹² + 05¹¹ + 1*5¹º

= 5¹² + 5¹º

= 3125 + 625

= 3750

(b) 101⁵ can be written as:

101⁵ = 15⁴ + 05³ + 1*5²

= 5⁴ + 5²

= 625 + 25

= 650

(c) 1.1⁵ can be written as:

1.1⁵ = 15¹ + 15º

= 5¹ + 5º

= 25 + 5

= 30

(d) 10.21⁵ can be written as:

10.21⁵ = 15² + 05¹ + 25º + 15⁻¹

= 5² + 2*5º + 5⁻¹

= 25 + 10 + 0.2

= 35.2

(e) 210⁵ can be written as:

210⁵ = 25⁴ + 15²

= 2*625 + 25

= 1250 + 25

= 1275

Use a sign chart to solve the inequality. Express the solution in inequality notation and in interval notation. X2 - 5x - 36 < 0 The solution expressed in inequality notation is.

Answers

The solution in inequality notation and in interval notation is (-∞ . -√5]∪[√5,36)

The term inequality refers the a relationship between two expressions or values that are not equal to each other is called 'inequality.

Here we have given the inequality (x² - 5)/ (x - 36) < 0

And we need to find the solution in inequality notation and in interval notation.

In order to find the inequality notation, we have to solve the given inequality, then we get.

(x² - 5)/ (x - 36) < 0

(x² - 5) < 0

x² < 5

x < √5

While we looking into the inequality we must know that the denominator must not be 0.

So, the interval notation can be written as,

=>  (-∞ . -√5]∪[√5,36)

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A magician's hat contains black rabbits and white rabbits. The magician selects two rabbits without replacement. If the probability of selecting a black rabbit and a white rabbit is 1/4, and the probability of selecting a black rabbit on the first draw is 5/12, find the probability of selecting a white rabbit on the second draw, given that the first rabbit selected was a black rabbit.

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The probability of selecting a white rabbit on the second draw, given that the first rabbit selected was a black rabbit is 3/5.

P(B∩W) = 1/4  getting a black and a white rabbit

P(B) = 5/12  getting a black rabbit

 P(W/B)

= P(B∩W) / P(B)

= (1/4) / (5/12)

= 12/20

= 3/5

Therefore, the conditional probability is 3/5.

Conditional probability is the chance of an event A occurring when another event B in relation to A has previously occurred. P(A|B) represents it. As seen in the picture above, S represents sample space, and A and B represent events.

The potential of an event or outcome occurring based on the existence of a preceding event or outcome is known as conditional probability. It is computed by multiplying the preceding event's probability by the renewed probability of the next, or conditional, occurrence.

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A local health clinic sent fliers to its clients to encourage everyone, but especially older persons at high risk if complications, to get a flu shot in time for protection against an expected epidemic. In a pilot follow-up study, 159 clients were randomly selected and asked whether they actually received a flu shot. Y - 1 means that the client received a flu shot, whereas Y - 0 indicates that the client didn't receive a flu shot. The following predictor variables were used for the analysis X1: The client's age (continuous variable); X2: Health awareness index (continues variable, for which higher values indicate greater awareness X3: Gender (categorical variable, where 1 denoted for male and 0 for female) (a) Write down the logistic regression model for this case (b) Look at the following output. Formally, which predictors have a significant influence on the response? Using tests to confirm your answer. Analysis of Maximum Likelil Standard Model Fit Statistics Error Intercept 1177 .9824 1 0.07280.0304 1 0.0990 0.0335 1 0.4339 0.5218 Parameter DF Estimate Intercept and Criterion Intercept Only AIC SC 2 Log L Covariates 113.093 125.369 105.093 136.941 140.010 134.941 (c) Overall, is this model significant? Please conduct appropriate procedure to test it. (d) Estimate the probability for Y-1 with X 60, X2 = 30, X3 1. What would be (e) Find the odds ratio for Y-1 between male and female. Also construct a 95% confidence (f) Now we calculate the logistic regression without the predictor variables X1, X3. One your prediction for Y in this case? interval for this odds ratio wishes to know whether this model is significantly different from the previous model Please conduct appropriate procedure to test it. Model Fit Statistics Intercept and CriterionIntercept Only Covariates 136.941 140.010 134.941 Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates AIC SC 2 Log L 117.196 123.334 113.196 Standard Wald Parameter DF EstimateError Chi-Square Pr> ChiSq 0.0025 .0001 Intercept 1 4913 1.6266 9.1170 x2 1 0.1193 0.0301 15.6789

Answers

(a) The logistic regression model in this case is

log(p/(1-p)) = beta0 + beta1X1 + beta2X2 + beta3×X3

where p is the probability of Y-1 (i.e. getting a flu shot), X1 is the customer's age, X2 is the health awareness index, X3 is the gender (1 for men, 0 for women), and beta0, beta1 , beta2 , and beta3 are the estimated coefficients.

(b) From the output, the predictors that have the most influence on the response are X1, X2, and X3. You can confirm this by looking at the p-value of the Wald chi-square test for each predictor. A predictor is considered significant if the p-value is less than 0.05. In this case, the p-values ​​for all three predictors are less than 0.05, indicating that they are all significant.

(c) AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) or SC (Schwarz Criterion) values ​​can be used to determine if the overall model is significant. A lower AIC or SC value indicates a better fit of the model to the data. In this case, both the AIC and SC values ​​are lower for the model with all three predictors (136.941 and 134.941, respectively) compared to the intercept-only model (140.010 and 136.941, respectively). This is significant because the model fits all three predictors better.

(d) These values ​​can be incorporated into a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of Y-1 (getting a flu shot) with X1=60, X2=30, X3=1 (men) .

log(p/(1-p)) = beta0 + beta160 + beta230 + beta3*1

Solving for p gives:

p = 1/(1+exp(-log(p/(1-p))))

You can estimate p using the maximum likelihood estimates of beta0, beta1, beta2, and beta3 provided in the output.

(e) To determine the Y-1 odds ratio for men and women, you can compare the Y-1 odds for men (X3=1) and the Y-1 odds for women (X3=0). Men's Y-1 odds are as follows:

Odds (Y-1 for men) = p/(1-p)

where p is the Y-1 probability of her being male and can be estimated using a logistic regression model and maximum likelihood estimation of the coefficients. Women's Y-1 odds can be calculated in the same way using X3=0.

To create a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio, use the standard error of the coefficient to calculate the standard error of the log odds ratio. A 95% confidence interval can be calculated as follows:

Odds ratio +/- 1.96×standard error

(f) To test whether the model containing only the intercept is significantly different from the model containing all three predictors, a likelihood ratio test can be used. The null hypothesis is that the model with only the intercept is not significantly different from the model with all three predictors. The alternative hypothesis is that the model with only the intercept is significantly different from the model with all three predictors. The test statistic is computed as

-2×(log probability

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