A network is made up of two or more computers connected to share resources (such CDs and printers), transfer files, and enable electronic communication. Cables, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, infrared laser beams, or other technologies can all be used to connect the computers on a network. Thus, it is true.
What computer network is a connected device?A group of computers sharing resources that are available on or offered by network nodes is known as a computer network. Over digital links, the computers communicate with one another using standard communication protocols.
Therefore, it is true that a computer network is a collection of connected computing devices that may or may not be able to communicate.
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buffer-overflow attacks can be avoided by adopting a better programming methodology or by using special hardware support. discuss these solutions.
Preventing the execution of code that is found in the stack segment of a process's location space is one sort of hardware support that makes sure that a buffer overflow attack doesn't take place.
Buffer-overflow: What is it?When an application tries to store more data in the buffer memory than the memory can hold, the result is a condition known as buffer overflow, also referred to as buffer overrun. This causes data to be stored onto adjacent storage, where it may occasionally overwrite the current data, potentially resulting in data loss and occasionally even a system crash.
Which programming languages are most susceptible to attacks involving buffer overflows?The vulnerability of a buffer overflow software written in Assembly, C, C++, or Fortran makes it more possible for attackers to exploit a system. However, JavaScript or Perl-written apps are often less susceptible to buffer overflow attacks.
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Match each of the following terms to its definition:
I. office support system (OSS)
II. natural language processing (NLP)
III. management information system (MIS)
IV. decision support system (DSS)
V. enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
A. provides managers with timely and accurate information
B. software system that integrates multiple system data sources and ties together the various processes of an organization
C. helps managers develop solutions for specific problems
D. assists employees in day-to-day tasks and communication
E. communicates with computer systems using a natural spoken or written language
The correct definitions that are more important than the following are D, E, A, C, and B.
What does the system mean to you?A system is a collection of pieces or components organised for a certain purpose. The term, which is semantically tied to the word "method" in the sentence "I established my own little method," can be used to relate to both the components of the method and or the actual organization or notion.
What types of systems are there?A physical system is made up of static and/or dynamic objects. an abstract system that is intellectual or nonphysical. Physical circumstances are defined in the abstract. Closed vs. Open An informational interview is one that constantly engages with its surroundings.
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44. Most companies resolved the problems of stand-alone computing by joining clients into a _____ that allows sharing of data and hardware resources. a. storage area network (SAN)
b. wide area network (WAN) c. desk area network (DAN) d. local area network (LAN)
By integrating clients into a local area network (LAN), which enables the sharing of data and hardware resources, most businesses were able to address the issues with stand-alone computing.
What is local area network (LAN) ?A local area network (LAN) is made up of a number of computers connected in a certain area to create a network. Through TCP/IP ethernet or Wi-Fi, the computers in a LAN are linked to one another.
A local area network, also known as LAN, is a collection of computers and add-ons that connect wirelessly or over a wired network to a server located within a specific geographical region.A local area network can support just two or three users in a home office or thousands of users in the headquarters of a company.
With a thin client design, the client houses all or the majority of the application processing functionality.A middle layer between the client and server that interprets client requests and converts them into data access commands is part of a three-tier system.
Therefore the correct answer is option d ) local area network (LAN).
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Consider a BinarySearchTree To, containing a numerical values, whose root is the median value in the tree. (The median value is the value such that half of the values are less and the other half are greater.) Suppose that N additional values are added to the tree T, using the standard insertion algorithm, to create an updated tree T. The newly-added values are all larger than the largest value that T, stored, and they are added in an unknown order. Note: N refers to both the original number of nodes in T, and the number of nodes added to T, to create Tz. Hence T, contains 2N nodes. You may assumen > 0. Which of these statements is/are true about the creation of T,? Select ALL that apply: A. Adding the last new value could take time proportional to N log N. B. The root of T, holds the median value of T, C. Adding the last new value could take time proportional to log N. D There are more values in the right subtree of T, than in the left subtree. E. Adding the last new value could take time proportional to N. Imagine you are implementing "undo" functionality in a program: you want to save the user's actions with the ability to undo them in reverse order. For example, if a user performs operations a, b, and then c, activating your undo function would undo first c, then b, then a. You have a singlyLinkedlist whose implementation has a reference only to its head. With the goal of providing the best performance for your undo operation, how would you best use the SinglyLinkedList to store the user's actions? Select ALL that apply: A. Add to the start of the SinglyLinkedList and remove from the end. B. Add to the end of the SinglyLinkedlist and remove from the end.C. Add to the start of the SinglyLinkedList and remove from the start. D. Add to the end of the SinglyLinkedList and remove from the start.
Consequently, the worst-case complexity of binary search tree searching is O. (n). Time complexity is typically O(h), where h is the height of BST.
What is the median calculation formula?
Take the value of the (n+1)/2-th term, where n is the total number of observations, to determine this. Otherwise, the median is the simple average of the middle two figures if the number of observations is even. The simple average of the n/2 -th and the (n/2 + 1) -th terms is used to get the median.
How time-consuming is the binary search algorithm? If an array is given and contains n elements, what happens?
Time Complexity Average Case Complexity - For a binary search, the average case time complexity is O. (logn). The worst case scenario for binary search is when we have to continuously narrowing the search space until there is just one element. Binary search has a worst-case temporal complexity of O. (logn).
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When you pass an array as a parameter, the base address of the actual array is passed to the formal parameter. t/f
True. The base address of the actual array is supplied to the formal argument when an array is passed as a parameter.
If an array is supplied to a method, what is it called?A method gets access to the original array when an array is supplied to it. The number of columns is indicated by the first size declarator in a two-dimensional array declaration. Rows are represented by the second size declarator. There are various length fields in a two-dimensional array.
What exactly is a grouping of a certain number of parts?An array is a grouping of elements with a set number of components, each of which is of the same data type. A one-dimensional array is one in which the elements are organized in lists.
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summarize the strategies that can be chosen by an organization when planning for business continuity
Business Impact Analysis, Recovery, Organization, and Training are the tactics that an organization might select while making plans for business continuity.
What is business continuity?Plans for business continuity (BCPs) are mechanisms for protecting against and recovering from potential hazards including natural disasters and cyberattacks.
BCP is intended to safeguard people and property while ensuring their timely functionality in the event of an emergency. BCPs should be evaluated to make sure there aren't any vulnerabilities that need to be found and fixed.
To create a strong BCP, many businesses must take a number of stages. They consist of:
Business Impact Analysis: The company will identify time-sensitive functions and resources in this analysis. (More below on this.)Recovery: In this section, the company must decide what recovery measures to take and put them into action.Organization: It is necessary to form a continuity team. This group will create a strategy to control the disturbance.Training: The continuity crew needs to go through testing and training. Team members should also finish drills that review the plan and strategies.Hence, Business Impact Analysis, Recovery, Organization, and Training are the tactics that an organization might select while making plans for business continuity.
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You’re using last-click attribution, but would like to see how first-click attribution would value channels and campaigns. Which report can you use to find this insight?Conversion paths
Funnel exploration
Segment overlap
Model comparison
The report that can be used to find this insight is a model comparison. The correct option is c.
What is a model comparison?The many conventional statistical tests that are frequently taught to students of the social sciences (and others), according to Judd et al. (2008), can all be seen as statistical comparisons of two different models of the data.
They view statistical inference testing as a "model comparison" process within the context of the least-squares criteria. The resulting unified framework offers researchers a great deal of flexibility in terms of altering their statistical tests to concentrate on the specific research issues they wish to address.
Therefore, the correct option is c, Model comparison.
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which of the following statements about acls are true? (select two.) answer inbound acls are applied before the routing process. you can apply a maxim
The following statements about acls are true.
An ACL without a permit traffic will not allow any traffic and Inbound ACLs are applied before the routing process.
What are ACLS?Network traffic filtering is most frequently done using a set of rules called an ACL. On networking equipment has packet filtering capabilities, they are utilized (e.g. routers or firewalls). ACLs are applied to packets leaving or entering an interface on a per-interface basis.
Lists of access controls Network traffic filters known as "ACLs" can manage both incoming and outgoing traffic. At the router's interface, ACLs operate according to a set of rules that specify how to forward or block a packet. ACLs restrict, block, or permit only the packets that are going from source to destination, acting as a stateless firewall.
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The sensitivity of transducers that create short duration pulses us likely to be ________ (greater than, less than or equal to) that of transucer to create long pulses.
The sensitivity of transducers that create short duration pulses us likely to be less than that of transducer to create long pulses.
What is transducers?Electronic equipment that transforms energy from one form to another is called a transducer. Transduction is the process by which energy is transformed from one form to another. An electronic device known as a transducer transforms a physical force into an electrical signal so that it can be conveniently handled and transmitted for measurement.
Physical forces like pressure and temperature are difficult to measure precisely. These physical forces can, however, be easily measured with a metre by converting them into an electrical signal. Transducers' main job is to transform physical forces into electrical signals that can be transmitted and handled more conveniently for measurement.
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In the context of data backup and recovery, the activities of a _____ includes the DBA operations that are classified as disaster management.
The DBA procedures that are categorized as disaster management are included in the duties of a database security officer when it comes to data backup and recovery.
What is catastrophe management, to use an example?
Disaster management includes the analysis and management of the causes of an incident. Finding out how resilient a community is to disasters is necessary. Particular areas are riskier than others. For example, less wealthy places do not have the resources needed to fully prepare for storms or repair flood damage.
What objectives does catastrophe management have?
Catastrophe management is to reduce or eliminate potential losses due to hazards, offer appropriate and prompt assistance to catastrophe victims, and complete a speedy and effective recovery.
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what statement of the following is the most appropriate? group of answer choices trees may be implemented with either fixed-sized arrays or dynamic data structures. an array is particularly not appropriate for complete binary trees because of the conditions that require the nodes of a complete tree to occur in specific locations.
The Array shows a hierarchical structure. Arrays are immutable. Container that stores the elements of similar types.
Why do we use trees in data structure?Tree is a hierarchical (or non-linear) data structure, as opposed to the linear data structures Array and Linked List. If you wish to store data that naturally develops a hierarchy, one reason to use trees might be for that.
In programming, data structures are objects that may hold many types of data in an organised manner so that we can process them effectively. The efficient processing may take into account time, space, or both, or it may base its decision on another element as a priority that is required for a particular issue.
Algorithms are well-defined sets of instructions, procedures, or logic that, when followed, enable the completion of a certain task.
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Which of the following is used to replicate attacks during a vulnerability assessment by providing a structure of exploits and monitoring tools?
a) replication image
b) penetration framework c) assessment image
d) exploitation framework
A vulnerability is a flaw in a system, procedure, or architectural design that could result in compromised data or unauthorized access. Exploiting is the process of taking advantage of a weakness. Thus, option D is correct.
What exploitation framework, vulnerability assessment?Software packages known as “exploitation frameworks” are supported and come with trustworthy exploit modules in addition to other useful features like agents for successful repositioning.
Therefore, exploitation framework is used to replicate attacks during a vulnerability assessment by providing a structure of exploits and monitoring tools.
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you are investigating a problem between two wireless bridges and you find that signal strength is lower than expected. which of the following could cause the problem?
The issue could arise from the wrong type of antenna.
Which of the following uses time slots to divide various signals that are broadcast over the same medium?By breaking it up into many pieces, time division multiplexing is a technique for combining many data streams into a single communication channel. Each segment is relatively brief in length and always appears at the same moment within the main signal.
Which technique enables the transmission of many signals concurrently over a single medium?Networks employ the technique of multiplexing to combine many signals, either digital or analog, into a single composite signal that is transmitted via a common media, like a radio wave or fiber optic cable.
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Suppose P, Q and R are ISPs with respective CIDR address blocks (with bytes in decimal) 51.0.0.0/8, 52.0.0.0/8 and 53.0.0.0/8. P then has customers A and B, to which it assigns address blocks as follows:
A: 51.10.0.0/16
B: 51.23.0.0/16
C: 52.14.0.0/16
D: 52.15.0.0/16
Q has customers C and D and assigns them address blocks as follows:(a).♢ Give forwarding tables for P, Q and R assuming they connect to each other and to each of their own customers.
(b). Now suppose A switches from provider P to provider Q, and takes its address block with it. Give the changes to the forwarding tables for P, Q and R; the longest-match rule will be needed to resolve conflicts.
Address blocks as 52.14.0.0/16, IP addresses come in static and dynamic varieties .The words IPv4 and IPv6 refer to Internet Protocol versions 4 and 6, respectively.
To whom are IP address blocks assigned?The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and five regional Internet registries (RIRs) are in charge of managing the IP address space on a global scale and are in charge of assigning IP addresses to local Internet registries, such as Internet service providers (ISPs) and other end users, in their respective regions.IP addresses come in static and dynamic varieties.The words IPv4 and IPv6 refer to Internet Protocol versions 4 and 6, respectively. IPv6 is the newest version of Internet Protocol and is far more efficient and sophisticated than IPv4. Difference IPv4 and IPv6 are the two options. The address length for IPv4 is 32 bits.To learn more about Address blocks refer to:
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In a device driver manipulation attack, which of the following changes a device driver's existing
code design? a. API attack O b. Refactoring O c. Improper input handling O d. Time of check/time
of use in race conditions
In a device driver manipulation attack, which of the following changes a device driver's existing code design is none of the above options.
What is the attack about?An API attack involves exploiting vulnerabilities in an application programming interface (API) to gain unauthorized access to a system or data. It does not involve altering the code of a device driver.
Refactoring refers to the process of restructuring existing code in order to improve its design, readability, or maintainability, without changing its functionality. It does not involve changing the code of a device driver.
Improper input handling involves failing to properly validate or sanitize input data, which can lead to security vulnerabilities. It does not involve changing the code of a device driver.
In a device driver manipulation attack, the attacker would typically modify the code of the device driver in some way, in order to gain unauthorized access to a system or to cause the device driver to function improperly.
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following is the result of the following code? (ignoring the letter label) rect(50, 50, 200, 200) rect(150, 150, 200, 200, fill
Using the knowledge in computational language in python it is possible to write a code that ersistent-object graphics package, meaning that it allows you to draw shapes.
Writting the code:Label('Move the mouse over the rectangle!', 200, 20, size=14, bold=True)
r = Rect(50, 50, 200, 300, fill='dodgerBlue')
c = Circle(300, 200, 75, fill='crimson')
c.dy = -2
def onMouseMove(mouseX, mouseY):
if (r.contains(mouseX, mouseY) == True):
r.fill = 'gold'
else:
r.fill = 'dodgerBlue'
def onStep():
c.centerY += c.dy
if ((c.top < 0) or (c.bottom > 400)):
c.dy *= -1
Rect(50, 50, 200, 300, fill='dodgerBlue')
Circle(300, 200, 75, fill='crimson')
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The workstations in your organization have been upgraded with the latest GPUs. To save costs, the company has procured a brand that is not widely known in the market. To install the drivers, the system administrator reboots the system using the Disable Early Launch Anti-Malware Driver option in the Advanced Boot Options menu.
Why do you think this step was required to install the driver?
a) Rebooting helps scan for malwares in the driver at boot time.
b) The driver can be installed only if the system is booted in safe mode
c) The driver did not have a valid ditgal signature
d) Windows Defender may have considered the driver to be suspicous
(Option C.) The driver did not have a valid digital signature. The Disable Early Launch Anti-Malware Driver option in the Advanced Boot Options menu was enabled to install the driver, as it did not have a valid digital signature.
Why do you think this step was required to install the driver?Option C. The driver did not have a valid digital signature.This step was required because the driver did not have a valid digital signature. This means that the driver was not officially recognized by the operating system and could not be automatically installed. By disabling the early launch anti-malware driver option in the Advanced Boot Options menu, the system administrator was able to bypass the security checks and install the driver. This step was necessary in order to install the driver, as it was not officially recognized and could not be installed without bypassing the security checks.
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instructions: create a new main method, stored in a java file called examprep.java, for the objects above that does the following: creates a multidimensional array of animals: animal[][]list
Following is a main method which is stored in java file called examprep.java
Method :
public class Main
{
int columns = 2;
int rows = 2;
String[][] animals = new String[columns][rows];
animals[0][0] = "veg";
animals[0][1] = "deer";
animals[1][0] = "nonveg";
animals[1][1] = "lion";
for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < columns; j++){
System.out.println(animals[i][j]);
}
}
}
What is a multidimensional array ?
An array of arrays is a multidimensional array. When you want to store data in a tabular form, such as a table with rows and columns, multidimensional arrays are helpful.
An array with more than one dimension is referred to as a multi-dimensional array. It is an array of arrays and a multi-level array. The 2D array, often known as a two-dimensional array, is the most basic multi-dimensional array. Technically speaking, as you will see in the code, it is an array of arrays. A 2D array is also known as a matrix, a table with rows and columns, or a 2D array.
Declaring an array with many dimensions is comparable to declaring an array with one dimension. We must inform C that a 2D array has two dimensions.
Hence to conclude method in a java file is given above for the animal[][]list
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you work for an online baseball card reseller and store data about each of your sales items offline.which of these features would let you upload a csv file that contains item data to join with analytics data?
The features that would let you upload a csv file that contains item data to join with analytics data is option A: Data import
What is data import?Data Import for SQL Server comes with a wizard that lets you visually set all the SQL Server import options for various files as well as a command-line tool that lets you import directly to a SQL Server database.
Import files are digital documents, photos, or other materials that have been moved from one program to another. A file is downloaded onto a platform during the import process from a different source. The active software must identify and decode the file upon import in order to utilize it.
Therefore, one can say that Data Import combines the offline information you've supplied with the standard hit information Analytics gathers from your websites, mobile applications, and other hardware. You can use imported data to improve your reports, segments, and other products.
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See full question below
Which feature allows you to upload a CSV file that contains your item data to join with Analytics data?
Data import
Measurement Protocol
Modify event
HTTP request
for each of the activities listed below, characterize it in terms of the properties we discussed, specifically: fully observable vs. partially observable deterministic vs. stochastic episodic vs. sequential static vs. dynamic discrete vs. continuous single agent vs. multi-agent
When an agent sensor can perceive or access an agent's complete state at any point in time, the environment is said to be fully observable; otherwise, it is partially observable.
What exactly is a partially visible environment? The agent is fully observable if it can deduce the state of the world from the inputs.The agent is only partially observable since it does not directly perceive the state of the world.This happens when multiple states can produce the same stimulus or when the stimuli are deceptive.Episodic vs. Sequential: In an episodic environment, there are a succession of one-shot actions that require only the current percept.In a Sequential context, however, an agent must remember previous acts in order to decide the next best action.Multi-agent vs. single-agent.A single agent environment exists when only one agent is involved in an environment and operates independently. However, if numerous agents are functioning in the same environment, the environment is referred to as a multi-agent environment.To learn more about fully observable environment refer
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Which tools would you use to make Header 1 look like Header 2? Select all that apply. Header 1 1 First Name B Last Name RSVP Header 2 A 1 First Name С B Last Name RSVP Image not displaying? 12 D ab 191 .00 →.0 a = B Q
The alignment tool symbol and the Bold tool icon would be used to make heading 1 appear and look like header 2.
Which tool would you use to make header?Click the Insert tab, and click Header & Footer. This displays the worksheet in Page Layout view. The Header & Footer Tools Design tab appears, and by default, the cursor is in the center section of the header.
How do you create a header file?To make a header file, we have to create one file with a name, and extension should be (*. h). In that function there will be no main() function. In that file, we can put some variables, some functions etc.
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in your own words, describe the differences between console (terminal based programs - you've written these types of programs in this course) based applications and gui applications.
A terminal is a text input and output environment. A physical terminal is referred to as a console.
What is the difference between terminal and console?An interpreter for command-line arguments is the shell. An interface is a command line, often called a command prompt. The Shell is the name of the application that runs in the terminal (command line interpreter). Because it functions as an application that executes commands, it may also be thought of as a programme that handles input and produces output. A console is a tangible tool that makes it easier to interact with a computer and is especially useful for system administration. In other words, a console is a specific kind of terminal used for mainframe maintenance that is directly connected to the mainframe. It's common for new R users to be unclear about the distinction between R and RStudio. Actually, RStudio is an addition to R.To learn more about console refer to:
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1. list in words or indicate in a drawing the important features of a plasmid vector that are required to clone a gene. explain the purpose of each feature.
A tiny DNA molecule that is capable of self-replication inside host cells is required for a plasmid cloning vector to be effective.
Mention the key characteristics of a DNA molecule.The following are the DNA molecule's key characteristics:
Replication starts at this location, which is its origin.Marker genes for selection and/or screening: These genes allow for the exclusion of cells lacking particular genes, such as genes for antibiotic resistance, and are also used to test for phenotypic differences between cells.Distinct and numerous restriction sites Specific locations on plasmids can accept foreign DNA insertion thanks to restriction sites for different restriction endonucleases.Gene-expression stimulants: It is a crucial part of expression vectors since it promotes the transgene's transcription and aids in getting the cloned product expressed.To learn more about DNA molecule refer https://brainly.com/question/17297488
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The operations to do inorder, preorder, and postorder traversals of a binary search tree are the same as those for a binary tree. a. True b. False.
True. A binary search tree can be traversed using the same operations as a binary tree, including inorder, preorder, and postorder traversals.
A tree's postorder traversal and preorder traversal could possibly be identical?If I'm not mistaken, the response would be "no," but that would be painfully clear. This is how an ordered tree will seem when there are more than 1 node, such as 2 nodes. Both pre-order and post-order traversals visit the nodes in the sequence of root-left-right and left-right-left-root, respectively.
How do you differentiate pre order traversal from post order traversal?we are aware of the tree's root node. All elements in the postorder traversal are either in the left subtree or the right subtree, depending on the position of the root node.
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You are the administrator of a small network with a single Active Directory domain.
The information produced by your company is very valuable and could devastate your company’s business if leaked to competitors. You want to tighten network security by requiring all network users and computers to use digital certificates.
You decide to create a certification authority (CA) hierarchy that will issue certificates only for your organization. To provide maximum security for the company’s new CA, you choose to host the CA on a computer that is not connected to the corporate domain.
What should you do to set up the new CA?
Install a standalone root CA.
Explanation:
Install a standalone root CA on a computer that is not a member of the domain and use Web-based enrollment to issue the certificates.
An enterprise CA is most appropriate for issuing certificates within an organization. However, you cannot use an enterprise CA because it requires Active Directory to issue certificates and you have disconnected it from the domain.
You cannot install a subordinate CA without installing a root CA first.
Join the domain once the computer account has been reset.
What tools do administrators use to oversee, manage, and set up computers and people?Group Policy, a hierarchical infrastructure, enables a network administrator in charge of Microsoft's Active Directory to apply specific configurations for users and computers. Group Policy is primarily a security tool that may be used to apply security settings to people and computers.ecurity settings to users and computers and is primarily a security tool.
Which of the following may be controlled using machines and users from Active Directory?You can manage the FSMO server roles, modify group memberships, unlock users, reset passwords, and many too many other things with ADUC. In RSAT, there are additional tools that you can utilize to handle AD.
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This project has you writing a program to analyze data collected on Amazon's top 50 books, collected between the years 2009 and 2019. For this project you will need to load data from a file, generate some common statistics from it, and generate a graph known as a histogram from this data.
Below is an example execution of this program on a file containing some of the Amazon data:
Enter a filename: bestsellers.csv
Histogram of Amazon Bestseller Ratings
--------------------------------------
3.2 3.3 *
3.4 3.5 3.6 *
3.7 3.8 **
3.9 ***
4.0 *************
4.1 *****
4.2 ****
4.3 *********************
4.4 ********************************
4.5 ***************************************
4.6 *****************************************************************************************
4.7 **************************************************************************************************
4.8 *************************************************************************************************
4.9 ***********************************
5.0 --------------------------------------
Total books rated: 440
Median score: 4.7
Average score: 4.6
Standard Deviation: 0.23
The first few lines of the input file bestsellers.csv (used above) looks like the following:
Name,Author,User Rating,Reviews,Price,Year,Genre
10-Day Green Smoothie Cleanse,JJ Smith,4.7,17350,8,2016,Non Fiction
11/22/63: A Novel,Stephen King,4.6,2052,22,2011,Fiction
12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos,Jordan B. Peterson,4.7,18979,15,2018,Non Fiction
1984 (Signet Classics),George Orwell,4.7,21424,6,2017,Fiction
A Dance with Dragons (A Song of Ice and Fire),George R. R. Martin,4.4,12643,11,2011,Fiction
A Game of Thrones / A Clash of Kings / A Storm of Swords / A Feast of Crows / A Dance with Dragons,George R. R. Martin,4.7,19735,30,2014,Fiction
Note that the first line of the file shows what each column holds. Our primary focus for this project will be the column holding the ratings for the books.
Histograms The histogram graph is a graph where the bars in the graph represent a count of some type. In the graph we are asking you to build, each bar represents the count of the number of books with that rating in the data file. For example, in the graph above there is 1 book that has a rating of 3.3, 1 book with a rating of 3.6, 2 books with a rating of 3.8 and so on. One of your tasks for this project is to generate a histogram report on the various datafiles that we have provided.
When you generate this graph, note that the minimum and maximum values in the graph should be determined by the data in the file - there should be 1 line with the rating lower than the smallest rating in the file and one line with the rating higher than the highest rating in the file. For example, in the graph above there is a rating for 3.2 because the minimum rating is 3.3. Below is an example from a second file bestsellersLow.csv that has a different range for ratings:
Enter a filename: bestsellersLow.csv
Histogram of Amazon Bestseller Ratings
--------------------------------------
3.7 3.8 **
3.9 ***
4.0 *************
4.1 *****
4.2 ****
4.3 *********************
4.4 ********************************
4.5 ***************************************
4.6 ********************
4.7 ****************
4.8 **************
4.9 ***********************************
5.0 --------------------------------------
Total books rated: 204
Median score: 4.5
Average score: 4.5
Standard Deviation: 0.27
Since this file has 3.8 as its lowest rating, it starts with a 3.7. And since 4.9 is the highest rating in the file, 5.0 is the last rating listed in the histogram graph.
Summary Statistics
At the bottom of the report you need to generate 4 additional statistics - the count of the number of ratings in the file, the median score, the average score and the standard deviation.
Median The median score is the "middle" score - given a list of scores, half the scores on the list will be larger than the median score and the other half will be smaller. An algorithm to find the median score is:
sort the list of scores
if the list is odd, the middle score is the median
if the list is even, add the two middle scores together and divide it by 2 to find the median
Average The average score is the sum of all of the scores divided by the count of the scores.
Standard Deviation The standard deviation is a measure of how "close" the data is to its average. A large standard deviation indicates data that is spread out far from its average while a small standard deviation indicates that the data is clumped close to its average. Roughly 95% of the data will be within 2 standard deviations of its average.
For this project you will need to load data from a file, generate some common statistics from it, and generate a graph known as a histogram from this data, check the code given below to get it.
What is histogram?A histogram is a visual representation of data points arranged into ranges that the user has chosen. The histogram resembles a bar graph in appearance.
// Analysis.java //
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
public class Analysis {
// method to display the histogram for the input list of sorted ratings (ascending order)
public static void displayHistogram(ArrayList<Double> ratings)
{
int nBooks ;
double r;
System.out.println("Histogram of Amazon Bestseller Ratings");
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
// loop from ratings minimum-0.1 to maximum+0.1 in steps of 0.1
for(r = ratings.get(0)-0.1;r <= ratings.get(ratings.size()-1)+0.1;r=r+0.1)
{
nBooks = 0;
System.out.printf("%.1f ",r); // display the current rating
// loop to count the number of books that have the same rating as r
for(int i=0;i<ratings.size();i++)
{
// compare r with ith rating
if(Math.abs(ratings.get(i) - r) <= 0.0001) // equal, then increment nBooks by 1
nBooks++;
else if(ratings.get(i) > r) // ith rating > r, then exit the loop since ratings list are sorted in ascending order
break;
}
// display * corresponding to number of books having rating r
for(int i=0;i<nBooks;i++)
System.out.print("*");
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
}
// method to compute and return the median rating from the input list of sorted ratings(ascending order)
public static double median(ArrayList<Double> ratings)
{
if(ratings.size() > 0) // validate size of list > 0
{
if(ratings.size()%2 == 0) // even number of ratings
{
// median is the average of middle 2 ratings
return (ratings.get((int)ratings.size()/2) + ratings.get((int)(ratings.size()/2)-1))/2;
}
else // odd number of ratings
return (ratings.get((int)(ratings.size()-1)/2)); // median is the middle value
}
return 0;
}
// method to compute and return the mean of input list of sorted ratings (ascending order)
public static double average(ArrayList<Double> ratings)
{
double totalRatings = 0; // initialize totalRatings to 0
// loop over the list of ratings, adding each rating to totalRatings
for(int i=0;i<ratings.size();i++)
totalRatings += ratings.get(i);
if(ratings.size() > 0) // list is not empty
return totalRatings/ratings.size(); // compute average by dividing totalRating by number of ratings
return 0; // list is empty
}
// method to compute and return the standard deviation of input list of sorted ratings (ascending order)
public static double standardDeviation(ArrayList<Double> ratings)
{
double avg = average(ratings); // get the average of all ratings
double stdDev = 0; // initailize the total of squared difference to 0
// loop to calculate sum of square difference of each rating from mean
for(int i=0;i<ratings.size();i++)
{
stdDev += Math.pow(ratings.get(i)-avg,2);
}
if(ratings.size() > 0) // list is not empty
return Math.sqrt(stdDev/ratings.size());
return 0; // list is empty
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename;
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
// input the filename
System.out.print("Enter a filename: ");
filename = scnr.nextLine();
scnr.close();
// create a File object
File file = new File(filename);
try {
// open the file in read mode
scnr = new Scanner(file);
// create an empty array list to store rating of each record in file
ArrayList<Double> ratings = new ArrayList<Double>();
String line = scnr.nextLine(); // read and discard the first header line
// loop over the file line by line
while(scnr.hasNextLine())
{
line = scnr.nextLine(); // read a line from file
String[] fields = line.split(","); // split the line into array of String using comma as the delimiter
// since rating is the 3rd field i.e index 2 in input file, convert it to double and insert it in the list
ratings.add(Double.parseDouble(fields[2]));
}
scnr.close(); // close the input file
Collections.sort(ratings); // sort the list in ascending order using the built-in sort method
displayHistogram(ratings); // display the histogram
// display number of records
System.out.println("Total books rated: "+ratings.size());
// display median, average and standard deviation of scores
System.out.printf("Median Score: %.1f\n",median(ratings));
System.out.printf("Average Score: %.1f\n",average(ratings));
System.out.printf("Standard Deviation: %.2f\n",standardDeviation(ratings));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// file not found, display error and exit the program
System.out.println("ERROR - File "+filename+" not found");
}
}
}
//end of Analysis.java
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— Until relatively recently all hard drives for personal computers featured sectors that were ______ bytes long
Until relatively recently, most hard drives for personal computers featured sectors that were 512 bytes long. This was the standard sector size for many years and was used by most operating systems and file systems.
A hard drive is a device that stores and retrieves digital data using rapidly spinning disks coated with magnetic material. It is a type of non-volatile storage, meaning it retains data even when power is removed. Hard drives are used to store and access programs and files on a computer, and they are typically faster and have more storage capacity than other types of storage devices like USB drives or SD cards.
However, in recent years, there has been a shift towards using larger sector sizes on hard drives, such as 4096 bytes (also known as 4K sectors) or even 8192 bytes (also known as 8K sectors). These larger sector sizes can improve performance and efficiency in certain situations, but may also cause compatibility issues with some older software and operating systems.
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. An engineer has calculated the list of subnet IDs, in consecutive order, for network
172.30.0.0, assuming that the /22 mask is used throughout the network. Which of the
following are true? (Choose two answers.)
a.
Any two consecutive subnet IDs differ by a value of 22 in the third octet.
b.
Any two consecutive subnet IDs differ by a value of 16 in the fourth octet.
c.
The list contains 64 subnet IDs.
d.
The last subnet ID is 172.30.252.0
The network as a whole employs the /22 mask. 64 subnet IDs are included in the list. 172.30.252.0 is the last subnet ID shown.
How can you figure out how many subnets there are in a network?Number of total subnets: The value 248 (11111000) of the subnet mask 255.255.255.248 shows that 5 bits are utilized to identify the network.
How is an ID for a subnet determined?By counting the subnet bits, also known as the number of bits by which the initial mask was stretched, one can determine the number of subnets. We were first given the IP 192.168.0.0 with the mask 255.255.0.0.
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A network engineer has determined the list of subnet IDs, in chronological order.
A. Any two consecutive subnet IDs differ by a value of 22 in the third octet.
D. The last subnet ID is 172.30.252.0.
What is engineer?
Engineering is the application of scientific principles and practical knowledge to design, create and analyze technological solutions. It is a field of study that combines the use of mathematics, science and technology to solve problems in the real world. Engineers use their knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering principles to create innovative solutions to a wide range of problems. Engineers work in a variety of industries, from aerospace and automotive to biomedical and electrical. They also work in many different settings, from research laboratories to manufacturing facilities. Engineers are responsible for creating products, machines, systems and processes that meet the needs of customers and society.
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an inline sensor monitors a copy of network traffic; the actual traffic does not pass through the device.
The actual network traffic does not pass through the inline sensor, which only monitors a replica of it. Both anomaly and signature detection are used in network-based intrusion detection.
What are the types of intrusion detection system?The actual network traffic does not pass through the inline sensor, which only monitors a replica of it. which is untrue . An example of intrusion is using a packet sniffer to collect usernames and passwords on a workstation. The idea behind intrusion detection is that an intruder's behavior will differ from a legitimate user's in measurable ways.The two main intrusion detection techniques used by intrusion detection systems are anomaly-based intrusion detection and signature-based intrusion detection.
System for detecting host intrusions (HIDS):A HIDS just keeps track of the device's incoming and outgoing packets, and it will notify the administrator if any shady or malicious behaviour is found. It takes a snapshot of the system files as they are currently and compares it to the previous snapshot.
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True or False: If a particular project requires only temporary help, and the workers will not be needed for future projects, the use of contingent workers is a poor approach.
False, Using contingent labor is a bad idea if a project simply needs temporary assistance and the workers won't be needed for subsequent projects.
What is the name of the type of outsourcing where services are delivered by a company whose personnel are located abroad?Offshoring is the transfer of a business process from an organization in one country to the same organization in another.
When does a company choose to use independent contractors?An organization must choose between nurturing talent within its own company and finishing a particular project swiftly and cheaply when deciding whether to hire contingent workers for a project.
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