tones industries has a patent with a cost of $15,000 and accumulated amortization of $5250 on its december 31, 2020, balance sheet. as a result of reduced demands for products protected by patent b, a possible impairment of patent b's value may have occurred on december 31, 2020. the controller for tones estimates the year end expected future cash flows from patent b will be $2000 for the next 3 years. the appropriate discount rate for the cash flow is 8%. compute the impairment loss of tones' patent b on its december 31, 2020, if any. hint: the appropriate time value factor for a present value of $1 annuity for 3 periods and 8% rate is 2.5771.

Answers

Answer 1

The impairment loss of Tones' patent B on its December 31, 2020, is equal to the carrying value of the patent less the present value of the future cash flows, which equals $9,750 - $5,154 = $4,596

The impairment loss of Tones' patent B on its December 31, 2020, can be calculated by subtracting the expected future cash flows from the carrying value of the patent. The carrying value of the patent is equal to its cost of $15,000 less its accumulated amortization of $5,250, which equals $9,750.

To calculate the expected future cash flows from the patent, we need to calculate the present value of the future cash flows. The present value of the cash flows is equal to the future cash flows multiplied by the present value factor. The present value factor for a present value of $1 annuity for 3 periods and 8% rate is 2.5771. Therefore, the present value of the future cash flows is equal to $2,000 multiplied by 2.5771, which equals $5,154.

Therefore, the impairment loss of Tones' patent B on its December 31, 2020, is equal to the carrying value of the patent less the present value of the future cash flows, which equals $9,750 - $5,154 = $4,596.

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Related Questions

Which management functions involves analyzing information, setting goals, and making decisions about what needs to be done?

Answers

Planning involves analyzing information, setting goals, and making babout what needs to be done.

What is Planning ?

Planning is the process of establishing goals and objectives for a specific time frame, generating alternatives for the course of action to be taken, and then selecting the best course of action among the available options.

Planning involves analyzing information, setting goals, and making decisions about what needs to be done.

Planning entails gathering data, establishing objectives, and making choices on what should be accomplished. Organizing entails determining and allocating the tasks and materials required to reach the predetermined objectives.

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amazon has built capabilities around internet technology and e-commerce to facilitate information exchanges with its customers in a cost-effective manner. this represents which of the following service dimension? a. reach b. affiliation c. none of the these is correct. d. richness

Answers

The correct answer is a. reach. The service dimension that best describes Amazon's capabilities around internet technology and e-commerce to facilitate information exchanges with its customers in a cost-effective manner is "reach."

Reach refers to the extent to which a service provider can reach its customers and deliver its services to them. In the case of Amazon, its capabilities around internet technology and e-commerce enable it to reach a large number of customers in a cost-effective manner, as it can deliver its services electronically without incurring the costs associated with traditional brick-and-mortar retail stores.

Affiliation refers to the degree to which a service provider is affiliated with other organizations or brands. In this case, "affiliation" is not the correct service dimension to describe Amazon's capabilities.

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the best leaders display both transactional and transformational leadership styles.T/F

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The best leaders display both transactional and transformational leadership styles- true.

What is transformational leadership?

This change in self-interests elevates the followers' levels of maturity and ideals as well as their concerns for the achievement. Transformational leadership is a theory of leadership where a leader works with teams or followers beyond their immediate self-interests to identify needed change, create a vision to guide the change through influence, inspiration, and execution in tandem with committed members of a group. A crucial component of the Full Range Leadership Model, it. When a leader's actions have an impact on followers and motivate them to go above and beyond what they think is possible, this is known as transformational leadership. People are motivated to accomplish unexpected or spectacular achievements via transformational leadership. It grants employees control over particular tasks as well as the power to decide after receiving the necessary training.

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novak corp. reported the following balances at december 31, 2021: common stock $409,000, paid-in capital in excess of par-common stock $106,500, and retained earnings $259,000. during 2022, the following transactions affected stockholders' equity. 2. 3. 4 issued preferred stock with a par value of $128,000 for $204,000. purchased treasury stock (common) for $40.000 earned net income of $140,000. declared and paid cash dividends of $52,500. prepare the stockholders' equity section of novak corp.'s december 31, 2022, balance sheet.

Answers

At December 31, 2021, Novak Corp. showed the following balances: $409,000 in common shares, with excess paid-in capital $118,000 is the total stockholders' equity.

What is the straightforward meaning of capital?

Capital: What Is It? A facility and its equipment, copyrighted material like patents, or perhaps the economic assets of a company or a person are all examples of things that provide value or benefits to their owners and fall within the broad definition of capital.

Briefing

Novak Corp.

Balance sheet (stockholders' equity section)

As a December 31 20YY

Stockholders' equity

Common stock ($12 per, 5,500 share issued)                      = $66,000

Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value - Common stock      = $19,000

Less: Treasury Stock (500 shares)                                        = ($11,000)

Shares outstanding (5000 shares)                                        = $74,000

Retained Earnings                                                                   = $44,000

Total stockholders equity                                                      = $118,000

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all of the following are basic kinds of inventories except a.finished goods. b.work in process. c.raw materials. d.human resources. e.in-transit.

Answers

With the exception of raw materials, any of the below are fundamental types of inventories, according to the stated statement.

In a corporate context, what does inventory mean?

Inventory is a financial word for products that are being prepared for sale at different stages, such as: final products (that are available to be sold) Work-in-progress (meaning as in process of being made) (meaning in the process of being made) components, raw (to be used to produce more finished goods)

What makes inventory so crucial?

Stock management aids businesses by selecting which goods to order when and in what quantities. Merchandise is managed from product acquisition to sale. To insure that there is consistently ample inventory for fulfill client requests and proper notice of a shortfall, the technique recognizes patterns and reacts to them.

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raina invested her savings in two investment funds. the amount she invested in fund a was less than the amount she invested in fund b. fund a returned a profit and fund b returned a profit. how much did she invest in fund b, if the total profit from the two funds together was ?

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Raina invested her savings in two investment funds. The $6000 that she invested in Fund A returned a 3% profit. The amount that she invested in Fund B returned 10% a profit. The amount invested in fund B is $8000.

Give a brief account on investment funds.

An investment fund is a sum of money that several investors pool together to buy assets, with each participant owning and controlling their own individual shares. Investors that use investment funds have access to a greater variety of investments, superior management, and lower investment costs than they could otherwise have.Mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, money market funds, and hedge funds are just a few examples of the several types of investment funds.

Individual investors cannot choose how a fund should invest its assets while using investment funds. Simply said, they decide on a fund based on its objectives, risk, costs, and other elements. A fund manager manages the fund and makes decisions regarding which securities to hold, how many to hold, and when to buy and sell them.

To solve :

Let ,

The amount invested in fund B = $x

The amount invested in fund A = $6000

Fund A profit = 3% of 6000

= $180

Fund B profit = 10% of x

= $0.1x

Total amount of saving = $6000 + $x

Total profit = 7% ($6000 + $x)

Profit from fund a + fund b = 0.7 ($6000 + $x)

180 + 0.1 x = 420 + 0.07x

0.1 x -  0.07x = 420-180

0.03x = 240

x = $8000

Therefore, amount invested in fund B is $8000.

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The complete question is mentioned below :

Raina invested her savings in two investment funds. The $6000 that she invested in Fund A returned a 3% profit. The amount that she invested in Fund B returned 10% a profit. How much did she invest in Fund B, if both funds together returned a 7% profit?

if one corporation owns all of the shares of another corporation, it is referred to as the target corporation. true false

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If one corporation owns all of the shares of another corporation, it is referred to as the target corporation - false.

What is meant by corporation?A corporation is a legal body whose owner(s) elect a board of directors to manage the organization's affairs. Shareholders are not held accountable for the company's operations or financial state; rather, the corporation is. An organization with the legal status of a corporation is one that was founded by shareholders, stockholders, or other private individuals with the intent to make a profit. Corporations have legal rights that include the ability to make agreements, bring legal actions and be sued, own property, pay federal and state taxes, and take out loans from financial institutions. A person or group of people engaged in commercial business operations with the goal of making a profit is referred to as a firm. The term "company" is an amorphous one without official definition, rules, or authorization. Despite the fact that not all businesses are corporations, a corporation is always a company.

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tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. which part of a system is tyrone using to get his information? multiple choice question. feedback inputs transformational processes outputs

Answers

For the choices given above, it can be concluded that Tyron uses the feedback system for the purpose of getting his information. As a result, the option A is correct.

The system of feedback can be referred to or considered as an integral part of the business organization, which is also helpful in obtaining or collecting information regarding customer and their experiences of the products. Feedback helps in knowing the actual thoughts of customer after they have used it, which can be known through the customer response forms.

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failing to appropriately will result in too many employees doing the same work and prevent the new firm from realizing the cost synergies it anticipated. a. downsize b. buy out c. downscope d. spin off

Answers

The correct option is A. If downsize is not done properly, there will be too many employees working the same job, which would hinder the future company from reaching the projected cost synergies.

What are the two different forms of work?

You can hire someone on a fixed-term or fee basis for a predetermined period of time or to carry out a specified duty, such as to work on a given project or fill in for an employee on leave.

Which professions are the most common?

The three categories below may be used to identify the kinds of labor that have been done. The three sorts are positive employment, dismal work, and zero work. The ratio of force and displacement defines the kind of work that is done. Good number of occupations when an applied force moves an object inside that direction.

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there are four suppliers in the packed meals market. the quantity of packed meals that each one is willing to supply per week at various prices is provided in the accompanying table. what is the change in the market supply for packed meals when the price rises from $6.25 per meal to $6.50 per meal?

Answers

When the price is increased from $6.25 to $6.50 a meal, the market's supply increases by 152,000.

What is the market supply?

The total quantity of a product that manufacturers are willing and capable of selling over a specific time period, such as one month, at various prices, is known as the market supply. A market supply curve, according to the industry, is the horizontal addition of the supply curves for every single firm.

What role does market supply play?

The relationship between demand and supply is essential because it influences how much most goods and services cost and are available in a given market. According to the principles of a market economy, the interaction between both demand and supply eventually balances out.

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Volvo and Suburu, who market their automotive brand as being the safest on the road, are basing their positioning strategy on:

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Volvo and Suburu, who market their automotive brand as being the safest on the road, are basing their positioning strategy on: Product characteristics / attributes

What is Product characteristics / attributes?

Product characteristics / attributes can be defined as what help to described how a product  is as well as the benefit that a customer who buy the product will derived from you using the product.

Product characteristics / attributes can help to attract customers to  product when a company includes attributes they know  will attract  customers to their product.

This scenario best illustrate  Product characteristics based on the fact the company mentioned that their automotive brand is  the safest on the road.

Therefore this is Product characteristics / attributes .

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rue or false: it is accurate to think of a fixed exchange rate as a simultaneous price ceiling and price floor.

Answers

It is accurate to think of a fixed exchange rate as a simultaneous price ceiling and price floor: The answer is " FALSE ".

A price ceiling  is a government- or institution-imposed charge manipulate, or restrict, on how excessive a price is charged for a product, commodity, or service. Governments use charge ceilings ostensibly to guard consumers from conditions that would make commodities prohibitively high priced.

A fee ceiling maintains a rate from growing above a certain stage—the “ceiling”. A charge ground continues a rate from falling below a positive level—the “floor”. we can use the demand and supply framework to recognize price ceilings. in lots of markets for items and services, demanders outnumber suppliers.

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suppose you observe a market where wild-caught salmon is over consumed and farm-raised chicken in not over consumed. what might explain this? multiple choice question.

Answers

A chicken farm's property rights are simpler to define and protect than that of a wild salmon fishery.

What exactly are property rights?

The legal and theoretical possession of resources and their permissible uses are defined by property rights. Governments, corporations, and private persons can all own property. These privileges outline the advantages of property ownership.

What aspect of property rights is the most crucial?

By ensuring that only amicable economic transactions occur, property rights have the most significant effect on encouraging cooperation among individuals. Additionally, they promote exchange, investment, innovation, property preservation, and economic expansion.

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the questions of information ownership and the prices for the exchange of this information are related to which ethical issue?

Answers

The stockholder theory, the stakeholder theory, and the social contract theory are the three most prominent normative theories of business ethics.

Currently, a lot of people in the field of business ethics don't like the stockholder theory.

Which hypothesis of standardizing business morals tries to make esteem?

Managers are obligated under the Stakeholder theory to carry out projects in a manner that is compatible with the well-being of society. The objective of this theory of normative business ethics is to create value for individuals in a fair and nondiscriminatory manner.

What are the four theories of normative ethics?

Character-based ethics, deontology, teleology, consequentialism, and other types of ethical theory are not ethical theories in and of themselves. The majority of people consider natural moral law to be one type of deontological theory; Another is Kant's Categorical Imperative theory.

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the primary responsibility of an it manager employed by a multinational sales organization that is pursuing a new initiative to provide information services to customers through mobile telephones is to:

Answers

Develop future executives having critical global views is the main duty of an it manager working for an international sales business that is pursuing a new venture.

What is the organization's primary goal?

An organization's main objective is to comprehend and oversee the business properly. Combining the two the workforce and defining the organizational purpose are the major objectives.

What kind of organization is ideal?

An easy business made the best to establish is a partnership. It needs a contract, which can be either or written. The two most basic business entity kinds are the sole proprietor as well as the partnership.

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a project with an initial cost of $30,500 is expected to provide cash flows of $10,650, $11,600, $14,700, and $9,200 over the next four years, respectively. if the required return is 9 percent, what is the project's profitability index?

Answers

The profitability index of the project is 1.34. This means that the project is expected to generate a return of 134% of the initial investment.

To calculate the profitability index (PI) of the project, you need to divide the present value of the future cash flows by the initial cost of the project. The present value of a cash flow is the current value of a future cash flow, taking into account the time value of money.

To find the present value of the cash flows, you can use the following formula:

Present value = Future cash flow / (1 + required return)^n

Where "required return" is the required rate of return on the investment and "n" is the number of periods (in this case, years).

Plugging in the values from the question, we can calculate the present value of each of the future cash flows as follows:

Year 1: $10,650 / (1 + 0.09)^1 = $9,722.73Year 2: $11,600 / (1 + 0.09)^2 = $10,442.92Year 3: $14,700 / (1 + 0.09)^3 = $12,634.99Year 4: $9,200 / (1 + 0.09)^4 = $8,093.57

The sum of these present values is $40,894.21, which is the present value of the future cash flows.

To find the profitability index, we can then divide this present value by the initial cost of the project:

PI = $40,894.21 / $30,500 = 1.34

So, the profitability index of the project is 1.34. This means that the project is expected to generate a return of 134% of the initial investment.

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technician a says that automotive bulbs are identified by trade numbers. technician b says that the trade number is the different for each manufacturer for the exact same bulb specification. which technician is correct?

Answers

A technician claims that trade numbers are used to identify car bulbs. Tech B claims that because each manufacturer's trade number differs for exactly the same bulb specifications, Tech A is correct.

What is a manufacturer and examples?

Making new products out of parts or raw materials is the process of manufacturing. Manufacturing includes enterprises like bakeries, tailors, shoemakers, and auto manufacturers because they all create products rather than offering services. A manufacturer is indeed a person or business that turns raw materials into finished products using a variety of tools, machinery, and procedures, and then sells those products to consumers, wholesale, distributors, retailers, or other manufacturers who can use them to make more complicated products.

What are the types of manufacturer and why it is important?

Ultimately, we're referring to three different manufacturing processes: make-to-stock manufacturing (MTS), make-to-order manufacturing (MTO), and make-to-assemble manufacturing (MTA). Manufacturers often engage in one of these three forms of manufacturing.

Every single manufacturing job generates three additional jobs, according to the Economic Policy Institute in the United States, because earnings are spent in other areas of the economy. Manufacturing also decreases poverty and generates middle-class jobs.

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when determining the location decision for industrial products like adhesives, what should a company keep in mind?

Answers

When choosing where to produce industrial goods like adhesives, the corporation must bear in mind that these items fulfill universal demands.

What does the term "company" mean?

A firm is a legal body created by a group or people to conduct and manage a business venture, whether it be industrial or industrial. Based on the corporate legislation of its country, a corporation may be set up in a variety of ways on tax and financial responsibility reasons.

What three sorts of businesses are there?

The Three Fundamental Business Entities

The limited company (LLC), the corporation, and the sole proprietorship are the three most typical business entity kinds. Each offers unique benefits and drawbacks based on what both you and your company require.

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which two factors determine whether a firm should use personal selling, e-commerce, or a combination of the two? (check all that apply.)

Answers

Two factors determine whether a firm should use personal selling, e-commerce, or a combination of the two A and C.

Ecommerce or electronic commerce is the buying and selling of products and offerings at the internet. it is your bustling town center or brick-and-mortar shop translated into zeroes and ones on the internet superhighway.

the usual definition of E-commerce is a industrial transaction that's occurred over the internet. on-line stores are examples of E-commerce web sites. by 2020, worldwide retail e-commerce can reach as much as $27 Trillion. There are 3 fundamental forms of e-trade: commercial enterprise-to-enterprise (websites such as Shopify), commercial enterprise-to-customer (web sites which includes Amazon), and purchaser-to-client (web sites including eBay).

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Disclaimer: The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.

Which of the following factors determine whether a firm should use personal selling, e-commerce, or a combination of the two?

a. The level of relationship building required.

b. The number and types of competitors in a market.

c. The extent to which the information exchanged is standardized.

d. The average cost of goods sold.

how much consumer surplus will be derived from the purchase of this product at the monopolistically competitive price?

Answers

The consumer surplus from purchasing this item at the monopolistically competitive price would be about $200.

Who is the consumer?

a word that means "one who consumes," particularly: a plant or animal that needs complex organic compounds for sustenance and receives them by preying on other living things or ingesting organic matter particles compare producer sense.

Who are some examples of consumers?

Consumers are any person or entity who uses a good or service in its entirety. Here are several examples: a customer who pays a hairstylist to cut and style their hair. a company that buys a printer for work purposes.

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a small, blockchain-based banking firm has a clan culture. its employees have generous perks and are empowered to participate and collaborate on key projects. the end results are profitability and an enviably low 2-percent turnover rate. a clan culture has a(n)

Answers

As the small, blockchain-based banking firm has a clan culture. Its employees have generous perks and are empowered to participate and collaborate on key projects. The clan culture has an internal focus.

What does internal focus mean?

Also known as internal locus of control, refers to a psychological concept in which people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives. In education, locus of control means how students perceive the causes of their academic success or failure in school.

An individuals with a strong internal locus of control believes that events in their life are primarily a result of their own actions: for example, when receiving their exam results, people with an internal locus of control tend to praise or blame themselves and their abilities.

In conclusion, the people with a strong external locus of control tend to praise or blame external factors such as the teacher or the exam.

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when the members do not create an operating agreement, the llc will be governed by what source of law?

Answers

The state's LLC legislation will serve as such LLC's default operating guidelines if the members do not form an operating agreement.

What does a sentence agreement mean?

Agreement occurs when sentence constituents line up. Verbs and subjects must agree, and pronouns and antecedents must agree. Verbs must be singular for single subjects and plural for plural subjects. Number in grammar relates to a word's single (one) or plural variants (more than one).

What term describes complete agreement?

As synonyms for agree, the phrases coincide as concur are frequently used. All three phrases have the same meaning—"to come out or be in accord on a topic of opinion"—but the term "agree" suggests total agreement, which is often reached via debate and resolution of disputes.

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the proper level of government intervention is unclear when dealing with a monopoly. group of answer choices true false

Answers

When dealing with a monopoly, it's uncertain how much government should be involved. It is accurate to state what it is.

What exactly does Monopoly mean?

A monopoly is a market structure where one manufacturer or seller holds the majority of the market share in a particular industry or area. As they impede competition and restrict consumer alternatives, monopolies are opposed in free-market economies.

Please provide a monopoly example:

A corporation is said to have a monopoly if it offers a product solely and there are no close substitutes. A monopoly that is unregulated can control prices and dominate the market. Take Microsoft and Windows, DeBeers and diamonds, or your local natural gas company, as examples.

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Post-Assessment
Question 2 of 5
Why is buying a car considered "bad debt"?
It decreases in value over time
It increases your net worth as it build equity
It gives you transportation to and from your job
It is worth more than any other investment
Submit
Continue
E

Answers

The reason why buying a car considered "bad debt"is that It decreases in value over time. option A

What is  bad debt?

The term bad debt can be described as the amount of money that a creditor must write off as a result of a default on the part of the debtor in a case whereby the creditor has a bad debt on the books,  then things turn to uncollectible and is recorded as a charge-off.

It should be noted that a case can be regarded as bad debt because the value of the asset you receive from the loan depreciates quickly however in some cases  interest charges increase how the amount that is been paid for the vehicle.  and in thius case cost is higher compare to what it would be if you'd purchased the car outright with cash.

Hence, option A is correct.

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kaitlin creates an irrevocable trust and funds it with $10 million in assets, including cash and stocks. the trust is authorized to accumulate income and to make distributions to the american red cross. what type of trust is this?

Answers

This is a complex trust as it is an irrevocable trust that can accumulate income and make charitable distributions.

How does irrevocable trust work?

An irrevocable trust cannot be changed or modified without the consent of the beneficiaries. Essentially, an irrevocable trust removes certain assets from the grantor's taxable estate and those property events are transferred to the trust. A grantor may opt for this structure to relieve assets in the trust of tax liability along with other financial benefits.

Who controls the irrevocable trust?

In an irrevocable trust, legal title to the trust is retained by the trustee. At the same time, the grantor waives certain rights in the trust. Once an irrevocable trust is established, the grantor cannot control or modify the assets transferred to the trust without the consent of the beneficiaries. These assets include business, real estate, financial assets, or life insurance.

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for a manager who is unable to create an organizational culture, what is the central cultural issue the manager faces?

Answers

How to best use the existing cultural system is the central cultural issue the manager faces.

Who is the "manager"?

The manager is a qualified someone who leads an organization and oversees a group of personnel. Managers frequently oversee a certain department within their organization. There are many different kinds of managers, but they typically have responsibilities including making decisions and conducting performance reviews.

What does a manager do?

The manager's main responsibility is to coordinate the efforts of all team members and produce the finest outcomes possible to assure the organization's expansion. To get the best performance out of the workforce, managers have a variety of duties and obligations.

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One important reason controls are useful to organizations is so that decision-making power can be centralized to a few key leaders.
True or False

Answers

One important reason controls are useful to organizations is so that decision-making power can be centralized to a few key leaders: False.

What is an organizational structure?

In Business management, an organizational structure simply refers to a strategic process that is typically used for the division of a business organization (company or firm) into multiple functional units, in order to successfully achieve its short-term and long-term goals.

What is a centralized power?

In Business management, a centralized power can be defined as a type of leadership style (government) in which both executive and legislative power is typically concentrated in a single authority or centrally at the higher level.

Generally speaking, an important reason controls are useful to business organizations is so teamwork can be facilitated and enhanced among the team members.

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Which of the following is the purpose of transitional words such as in addition in contrast or finally during a presentation?

Answers

Transitional phrases and words are the purposes of transitional words.  They facilitate the logical progression of ideas by indicating the connection between paragraphs or sentences.

What are the Transitional phrases?

You link several ideas in your work by using transitional language, sometimes referred to as linking language, connecting language, and transitional words. By expressing the connections between several words or clauses in a sentence, they make it easier for the reader to follow your ideas.

Transitional words include the words "and," "but," "so," and "because." They make it clear to your reader how words, sentences, and even paragraphs relate to one another.

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as a manager, how would you prefer a nonofficial leader respond to a challenge in rolling out a collaboration tool?

Answers

As a manager, continue with the rollout should be preferred to a nonofficial leader to respond to a challenge in rolling out a collaboration tool.

What is nonofficial leader?

A nonofficial leader occurs when an individual does not have official status as the head of a group, but other members view and consider them to be a leading force.

People look to informal leaders for answers and direction, since they are experienced and informed.

Therefore, to respond to a hurdle in rolling out a collaborative tool, it is preferable for a manager to continue with the rollout rather than a nonofficial leader.

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silver futures contracts are based on 5,000 troy ounces and are priced in dollars per troy ounce. a closing report displays these prices for a december contract: open 19.435, high 19.450, low 19.025, and settle19.119. what is the closing value for one december futures contract on silver?

Answers

The closing value for one December futures contract on silver is $96,500.

Calculation:

We see that the closing value for one futures contract on silver=Settle*contract size = 19.119*5000

= 95595.00

The closing price is the raw price or present value of the last trading price of a security before the market is officially closed for normal trading. The closing price is calculated by dividing the product total by the total number of shares traded in the 30-minute period.

Closing price generally refers to the last price at which a stock was traded during a normal trading session. The closing price is a useful marker that investors can use to measure changes in stock prices over time. Even in the age of 24-hour trading, all stocks and other securities have a closing price which is the closing price traded during normal market hours on a given day.

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