The Superintendent of Schools invites the head of Reform Judaism in the United States to
offer the opening prayer at SHS' graduation exercises. Is the prayer constitutional?

Answers

Answer 1

Inviting the head of Reform Judaism to offer the opening prayer at a public school's graduation exercises may be considered unconstitutional as it could be seen as a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

What does the US Constitution say about religion?

The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing or promoting any particular religion. Inviting a specific religious leader to offer a prayer at a public school's graduation could be seen as government endorsement of that particular religion.

While schools can include prayer in some circumstances, such as voluntary student-led prayer, inviting a specific religious leader to lead a prayer at a public school's graduation exercises could be considered unconstitutional.

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Related Questions

What is an example of militarism in World War 1?

Answers

Answer:

Germany is an example of militarism in WWI because Germany began competing with the British for having the largest navy in the world, as well as developing new weapons like poison gas and submarines, the latter being a great tool in surprise attacks.

Explanation:

How did President Harding start the U.S. on the path toward the Great Depression?
He slowed down the transition from war production to domestic production.
He focused Americans on business rather than improving society.
He began the trend of deregulating big business.
He wanted to keep business on a "normal" path of slow growth.

Answers

Answer:

b) he began the trend of deregulating big business

The answer there is B

White elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to whom in 1791?

Answers

The white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791.

St. Domingue was a French colony situated on the western side of the Hispaniola Island from 1659 to 1804. It is now known as Haiti. The colony was the wealthiest colony of France, and it was the home to white elites who owned numerous plantations and slaves.

What were the demands of the slaves?

The slaves who were a large part of the St. Domingue society demanded freedom, and they got their first chance in August 1791 when they rebelled against their slave owners. The St. Domingue slaves formed a revolutionary force that was opposed to the French colonizers.

The white elites at St. Domingue reacted angrily to the National Assembly of France granting political rights to free people of color in 1791. The political rights were the right to vote, and the white elites did not want the free people of color to have them. They were opposed to any efforts to change the St. Domingue society's social classes.

In conclusion, the white elites at St. Domingue were angered when the National Assembly in France granted political rights to free people of color in 1791. The white elites did not want the free people of color to have the right to vote, and they were opposed to any changes in the social classes of St. Domingue society.

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Do you think it's okay for very sick or hurt people who are suffering a lot and can't get better to choose to have someone help them pass away peacefully? aka euthanasia

Answers

Answer:

If it were me in that situation, suffering and in pain with no hope of recovery, I would want the option to end my suffering with dignity. I think it's important to have that choice and to not have to suffer needlessly.

I believe that every person has the right to choose how they want to live their life, and that includes how they want to die. If someone is in unbearable pain and wants to end their suffering, they should be able to do so with the help of a medical professional. It's a humane and compassionate choice that should be available to those who need it.

Of course, there are many ethical and legal considerations to take into account, and it's not a decision that should be taken lightly. But ultimately, I believe that the right to die with dignity should be a basic human right.

Explanation:

Who relied on banks and why? Check all that apply. Group of answer choices

Rulers would borrow from banks to spread out the cost of war and conquest over a long-term loan rather than paying for campaigns with a massive increase in taxes, which could lead to revolt. Ordinary people borrowed money so that they could move to one of the colonies in hopes of improving their chances for success. Banks loaned companies the money to cover the period between buying and selling their goods

Answers

Rulers, ordinary people, and companies are relied on banks because of financial matters to overcome their problems and pay at fair rates along with their interests. All options are correct.

Relay is a completely digital firm banking answer delivering free enterprise checking. It mainly works with no minimum balance requirements, trade limits, or overdraft costs, plus free incoming wire transfers and the capacity to open numerous accounts.

Relay is one of the picks for best business checking accounts. Rulers would borrow from banks to spread out the cost of war and ordinary people can borrow money for education or any type of loan.

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name date class the federalist era geography and history activity cont. understanding the concept directions: answer the following question answer keys

Answers

The Federalist Party and its forerunners dominated American politics throughout the Federalist Period, which spanned the years 1788 to 1800.

Federalists dominated Congress at this time and had the backing of Presidents George Washington and John Adams.

The era witnessed the emergence of a new, more powerful federal government under the American Constitution, a strengthening of nationalism, and a decline in concerns about the tyranny of a centralized authority.

The phrase "federalism" mean?

Federalism is a kind of government in which two levels of authority share control over the same territory. Local issues are often addressed by smaller subdivisions, states, and cities, while the larger geographic regions are managed more widely by an overarching national government.

Significance of federalism?

Federalism encourages political involvement. Federalism promotes economic equality throughout the nation. Federalism allows for several governmental tiers. A variety of viewpoints are accommodated under federalism.

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The country of _______ was made weaker by the Congress of Vienna's work.

Answers

France. The country of France was made weaker by the Congress of Vienna's work.

Answer:

France

Explanation:

The answer above is correct.

If you wanted to make artwork inspired by agibas, what tools do you think you would need? (4 points) a Chisel and hammer b Face paint and yarn c Needle and thread d Ruler and pencil

Answers

Needle and thread tools needed If you wanted to make artwork inspired by abibas .  

Option c is correct .

The handcraft of embroidering involves using yarn or a needle to decorate fabric or other materials. Other materials, such metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins, can also be incorporated into embroidery. Materials like thin yarn, embroidery floss, crochet thread, and sewing thread are all acceptable. All of these possibilities are good choices, but the one you select will depend on the required completed product thickness.

A free motion sewing method called thread painting (or threadpainting) is used to machine-sew lines, areas of colour and texture, or embroidered designs and motifs. On top of a foundation fabric, stitches are made using threads of various colors and weights.

Hence , Option c is correct .

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What was the Greensboro protest?

Answers

The Greensboro protest, which was organised by African American college students, was aimed at challenging racial segregation in the United States.

The Greensboro protest of 1960 was a civil rights demonstration in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. The peaceful protest was organized by four African-American college students, Ezell Blair Jr., Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Richmond.

The four young men, who became known as the “Greensboro Four,” entered a Woolworth’s store and sat at the segregated lunch counter, where they asked to be served. The store refused to serve them, but the four protesters remained in their seats, engaging in peaceful protest.

The demonstration received national media attention and inspired a series of similar protests in other parts of the South. The Greensboro Four’s action catalyzed the Civil Rights Movement in North Carolina and throughout the United States, and their protest is remembered for its significance in American history.

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The foreign tax credit regime is the primary mechanism used by the U.S. government to mitigate or eliminate the potential double taxation of income earned by U.S. individuals outside the United States, true or false?

Answers

Answer:

people thought more /false

Explanation:

a. The government's banning Muslim women from wearing a burqa in public spaces is detrimental to individual liberty. Wearing the burqa is an instance of religious expression, and freedom of religion is crucial to individual liberty.

Answers

False, this statement is not true regarding argument (a) and argument (b).

Arguments can have different levels of strength based on their validity premise. Arguments with stronger premises support their conclusions more effectively. However, the statement "Argument A has greater logical force than argument B" is not always accurate.

The following explains the two arguments:

(a) The government prohibits Muslim women from wearing the burqa in public, which limits their religious freedom. These restrictions limit individual freedom.(b) There is a government ban on wearing the burqa in public spaces, which harms individual freedom and creates tension within the Muslim community. The ban also has xenophobic motivations, as it is based on unfounded fear and apprehension about Muslim women.

Complete the questiuon:

Consider the following two arguments, which have the same conclusions. Argument (a) has greater logical strength than argument (b).

(a) The government's banning Muslim women from wearing a burqa in public spaces is detrimental to individual liberty. Wearing a burqa is an instance of religious expression, and freedom of religion is crucial to individual liberty.

(b) The government's banning Muslim women from wearing a burqa in public spaces is detrimental to individual liberty. The ban is xenophobic in motivation, it causes tension within the Muslim community, and it makes Muslim women feel uncomfortable.

TrueFalse

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How do you feel the year 2004 being the year of International Year for the Abolition of Slavery?​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: i don’t know

Hurry I'M TIMED!!!!!!! Match the root system to the correct definition.

1.

taproot system

2.

fibrous root system

a.

consists of one large main root and smaller secondary roots that grow from it

b.

made up of many thin, branched roots that are all similar in size

Answers

Answer:

1 to a and 2 to b I checked it

1    Taproot system: consists of one large main root and smaller secondary roots that grow from it

2    Fibrous root system: made up of many thin, branched roots that are all similar in size

Ticket: Think about what you learned today about the labor unions and the efforts to improve working
onditions in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Based on what you learned, what do you think are some of the most
important lessons we can learn from this time period about the importance of workers' rights and fair labor
eractices?

Answers

One of the first national unions in the 1880s was the Knights of Labor. Fast rise was immediately followed by a quick drop. After all, the after all, the after all, the (sometimes called the AFL). In 1886, Sam Gompers founded the American Football League.

What were labor unions primarily working toward by the turn of the 20th century?

But in the late nineteenth-century American labor movement, "industrial unions" were the main player. They wanted to bring all workers in a certain industry together, regardless of skill level. Discrimination based on race or national origin was frequently prohibited.

Are labor rights important?

Labor law seeks to achieve power balance between the employer and the employee by, among other things, prohibiting an employer from firing a worker without cause, creating and upholding procedures that permit workers to be acknowledged as "equal" partners in discussions about their working conditions, and other objectives.

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Use the internet, your notes, and discussions to develop the advantages and disadvantages of the north and the south at the start of the civil war

Answers

Advantages of the North at the start of the Civil War: Better transportation, More population, Industrial power

Disadvantages of the North at the start of the Civil War: Unfamiliar terrain, Lower morale, Lack of motivation

Advantages of the South at the start of the Civil War: Defensive position, Military leadership, Lower population

Disadvantages of the South at the start of the Civil War: Limited resources, Lower morale, Limited transportation

EXPLANATION

Better transportation: The North had better transportation than the South. They had a more extensive railroad system, which allowed them to move supplies and troops quickly across the country.

More population: The North had a greater population than the South, giving them a larger pool of soldiers to draw from to fight in the war.

Industrial power: The North had a more significant industrial base than the South. They could produce weapons and ammunition in large quantities due to the presence of many factories.

Disadvantages of the North at the start of the Civil War:

Unfamiliar terrain: The North was fighting on unfamiliar terrain in the South. The geography of the South was not suited for their style of warfare.

Lower morale: The North had lower morale than the South. They were not used to losing battles, and they were experiencing many losses at the beginning of the war.

Lack of motivation:The North was not as motivated to fight the war as the South. The South was fighting for their way of life and independence, while the North was fighting to preserve the Union

Advantages of the South at the start of the Civil War:

Defensive position: The South was fighting on their home turf, which gave them a defensive advantage. They knew the terrain and had the support of the local population.

Military leadership: The South had better military leaders at the beginning of the war. Robert E. Lee was a brilliant tactician and strategist who won many battles against the North, and Stonewall Jackson was an excellent field commander.

Lower population: The South had a smaller population than the North, which meant that they had fewer soldiers to fight in the war. However, they were fighting on their home turf, which gave them an advantage in terms of knowledge of the terrain.

Disadvantages of the South at the start of the Civil War:

Limited resources: The South had limited resources, including food, supplies, and ammunition. They were not as industrialized as the North, so they could not produce as many weapons and ammunition.

Lower morale: The South had lower morale than the North. They were fighting a war that was not in their favor, and they were experiencing many losses. However, they were fighting for their way of life, which gave them motivation to continue the fight.

Limited transportation: The South had limited transportation, which made it difficult for them to move troops and supplies across the country. They had fewer railroads than the North, which made it challenging to transport goods.

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Encuentra en la sopa de letras ocho palabras que provienen de una lengua indígena

Answers

Here are eight words that come from indigenous languages and are commonly used in English: Alaska, Barbecue, Canoe, Hammock, Kayak, Potlatch, Squash and Totem.

The English language has borrowed a number of words from various indigenous languages spoken around the world. For example, the word "Alaska" comes from the Aleut language spoken in Alaska and eastern Russia. "Barbecue" and "Hammock" comes from the Taino language, which is indigenous to the Caribbean. "Canoe" comes from Arawak, an indigenous language spoken in South America and the Caribbean.

"Kayak" comes from Inuktitut, which is spoken in Canada and parts of Greenland. "Potlatch" comes from Chinook Jargon, a trade language that developed among indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest. "Squash" comes from Narragansett, an indigenous language spoken in what is now Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Lastly, "totem" comes from Ojibwe, an indigenous language spoken in Canada and parts of the United States. These loanwords not only showcase the diversity of languages around the world but also provide a glimpse into the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.

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What did the orphanage look like before sister blandina arrived? a. the school was well stocked with books and blackboards. b. there were no desks or chairs. c. it had a classroom for every grade. d. there was no school or orphanage.

Answers

There were no desks or chairs when the orphanage look like before sister Blandina arrived .

Option b is correct .

The young Sister was sent alone across the Santa Fe Trail to Trinidad in the Colorado Territory in 1872 after spending several years working as a teacher in Ohio. She was introduced to the hazards and adventures of life on the frontier here. She was hired to teach in a public school and also ran into "frontier justice" and Billy the Kid.

There are numerous accounts of how she prevented armed crowds from taking the law into their own hands, assisted criminals in asking their victims for forgiveness, and even prevented a man from being hanged by arranging for him to make amends with the man he shot and killed. The exploits of Sister have been chronicled in books, TV shows, biographies, and a comic book.

Hence , Option b is correct .

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based on the discussions regarding the mass wasting events in laconchita, california, and oso, washington, which of the following statements most accurately describes these situations?

Answers

Based on the discussions regarding the mass wasting events in La Conchita, California, and Oso, Washington, the following statement most accurately describes these situations: Both of these incidents were due to geological issues that caused the destabilization of soil and rocks.

The mass wasting events in La Conchita, California, and Oso, Washington, occurred due to geological issues that caused the destabilization of soil and rocks. Both of these incidents were a result of the same geological phenomenon, which is the movement of soil and rocks downhill due to gravity.

La Conchita in California is particularly prone to landslides because of the region's steep slopes and unstable soil. In March of 2014, a large landslide occurred in Oso, Washington, killing over 40 people.

What is mass wasting?

Mass wasting refers to the downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity. Mass wasting events are generally caused by water, wind, or geological forces, and they are particularly prevalent in regions with steep slopes, unstable soil, or a combination of the two. Landslides, rockslides, and mudslides are examples of mass wasting events.

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The Shocking Cynicism Behind the Voyage of the “St. Louis” and Its Ship Full of Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany


What does the author say are the first two planks in US refugee policy?

What is the author referring to when he says, "And if a few thousand Nazi collaborators ended up in the US refugee potpourri, better them than Jews, who belonged in Palestine?"

What is the "shocking cynicism" that the author refers to in the title of the article?

Answers

We can see when the author says, "And if a few thousand Nazi collaborators ended up in the US refugee potpourri, better them than Jews, who belonged in Palestine?", he is referring to the fact that US immigration policy during World War II prioritized admitting refugees who were deemed to be of "desirable" backgrounds, such as those with skills or those who had family members in the US.

Who is an author?

An author is a person who writes a book, article, or any other form of written work. They may write fiction or non-fiction, poetry, plays, or other types of literature.

The author is responsible for creating the content of the written work and for conveying a message, telling a story, or sharing information with the reader.

The "shocking cynicism" that the author refers to in the title of the article is the way in which US refugee policy during World War II prioritized excluding Jewish refugees, even when it was clear that they were facing persecution and death in Europe. The author argues that the US government was more concerned with preserving its own interests than with helping those in need.

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during WW2 does the Constitution give the government authority to restrict individual rights in favor of public safety?

Answers

During World War II, the United States government did claim the authority to restrict individual rights in favor of public safety, and this was upheld by the Supreme Court in several landmark cases. However, the Constitution itself does not explicitly grant this authority.

Instead, the government relied on the doctrine of "emergency powers," which are powers that are implied by the Constitution but not specifically enumerated. The Supreme Court has recognized that in times of war or national emergency, the government may have broader powers to protect national security and public safety, even if this involves some restriction of individual rights.

For example, in the case of Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, even though this violated their constitutional rights. The Court reasoned that the government's interest in national security outweighed the individual rights of Japanese Americans.

However, it is worth noting that these decisions have been widely criticized as violations of civil liberties and human rights, and the government's use of emergency powers has been controversial throughout American history. Ultimately, the question of when and how the government can restrict individual rights in the name of public safety remains a subject of ongoing debate and interpretation.

Discuss the impact of Stalins five year plan on the soviet economy and the russian people

Answers

Answer:

Stalin's Five-Year Plan, implemented between 1928 and 1932, sought to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and increase its economic power in order to compete with the industrialized nations of the West. This had a considerable effect on the Soviet economy and the Russian people. In regards to the economy, the plan was successful in significantly escalating industrial production, with the country becoming one of the world's leading industrial powers.

However, this came at a price, as other sectors such as agriculture and consumer goods were neglected, leading to food shortages and a decrease in living standards for numerous individuals in the Soviet Union. Additionally, industrialization was attained at the expense of workers' rights and conditions of living.

Regarding the Russian people, the plan was accompanied by a huge propaganda campaign with the intention of creating a new Soviet citizen devoted to hard work and loyalty to the state, and a variety of methods were used to motivate people to work harder. Social changes were also seen, with women being inspired to enter the workforce and the government investing in new schools and hospitals. Nevertheless, repression and control were also implemented to limit freedom of expression. In conclusion, Stalin's Five-Year Plan had a considerable impact on the Soviet economy and the Russian people.

Describe 3 ways that craft guilds Positively affected community Life in Medieval Europe

Answers

Craft guilds Positively affected community Life in Medieval Europe by economic boosts, cultural preservation and social support.

The three ways can be described as -

Economic advantages: Craft guilds gave their members access to materials, tools, and instruction as well as other financial advantages. They also controlled prices and made sure that workers were paid fairly for their labour. This contributed to the stabilisation of regional economies and offered some security to guild members and their families.

Cultural preservation: A lot of guilds were tightly linked to specific professions or crafts, like weaving or metalworking. As a result, they were crucial in conserving cultural and aesthetic traditions as well as traditional knowledge and methods. Over time, this aided in preserving cultural heritage and enhancing local communities.

Social support: Guilds frequently gave their members access to healthcare, education, and even help with burial expenses. They also assisted in upholding community standards and resolving member conflicts, which promoted a sense of camaraderie and support among guild members.

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what was the main outcome of the yalta conference in 1945?

Answers

The main outcome of the Yalta Conference was the agreement to divide Germany into four zones controlled by the Allies.The Yalta Conference's primary objective was to discuss the division of post-World War II Europe.

The Yalta Conference was held between February 4 and 11, 1945, and it was a meeting between leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom.The leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union attended the conference. The leaders agreed to divide Germany into four occupation zones after the defeat of Nazi Germany. They further agreed to temporarily divide Berlin into four separate zones of occupation before Germany's re-unification in the future.

USSR and United States would hold on to their own systems of government, while Great Britain would retain the current parliamentary democracy that had been in place. It was agreed that Poland would be given a "provisional" government of national unity until it could hold free and fair elections to establish its permanent government. Stalin also agreed to join the fight against Japan within two or three months after the defeat of Germany. In exchange for his cooperation, he was promised territories in the Pacific.

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Government’s approach to fiscal policy deals with ___________________ and
_____________________.

(U.S. Government and Economics)

Answers

Answer:

U.S Government and Economics

argentina once had an economy with gdp per capita larger than japan, south korea, and spain. however, since 1900 it has largely failed to grow. the story of argentina highlights how growth is over time and may happen in leaps and spurts. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices always nonexistent always linear always constant not always constant

Answers

Argentina once had an economy with GDP per capita larger than japan, south Korea, and Spain .The correct answer is "not always constant".

The case of Argentina's economy illustrates that economic growth is not always constant over time, and can instead occur in fits and starts. While Argentina was once a prosperous and growing economy, it has since struggled to maintain that level of growth due to a variety of factors, including political instability, economic mismanagement, and external shocks such as commodity price fluctuations and global financial crises. This highlights the fact that economic growth is a complex and multifaceted process that is influenced by a wide range of internal and external factors, and is not always predictable or constant over time.

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what were three methods the suffrage movement used to gain support?

Answers

The suffrage movement used a variety of tactics to gain support, including public speeches, pamphlets, and marches.
In addition, suffragists also used lobbying and civil disobedience to pressure lawmakers into granting voting rights to women. Finally, suffragists held hunger strikes and refused to pay taxes to demonstrate their commitment to the cause.

The suffrage movement used three methods to gain support, which are mentioned below:

1) Mass meetings and rallies Organizing mass meetings and rallies was a popular method used by the suffrage movement to gain support. These events were typically held outdoors in public spaces such as parks and streets, attracting large numbers of people who were interested in the cause. By delivering speeches and other forms of public address, leaders of the suffrage movement were able to persuade many individuals to join their cause.

2) Lobbying by politicians and government officials The suffrage movement used lobbying to persuade politicians and other government officials to support their cause. They sought to educate politicians and public officials about the importance of granting voting rights to women, highlighting the fact that women made up half of the population and were just as capable of making informed political decisions as men. This method was especially effective at the local and state levels, where politicians were more likely to be accessible to grassroots organizations such as the suffrage movement.

3) Press and media campaigns The suffrage movement also utilized the press and media to gain support for their cause. They used newspapers, magazines, and other forms of mass media to publish articles and editorials in support of women's suffrage. Additionally, they produced posters, leaflets, and other printed materials to distribute to the public, which helped spread awareness of their campaign and recruit new members.

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why did the English and Dutch start settlements in the guianas

Answers

The English made at least two unsuccessful attempts to colonize the lands that would later be known as British Guiana in the 17th century, at a time when the Dutch had established two colonies in the area: Essequibo, administered by the Dutch West India Company, and Berbice, administered by the Berbice Association. Map of the Guianas depicting the Guiana coast, which became British, Dutch, and French Guiana after centuries of war and settlement; now sovereign Guyana and Surinam, though French Guiana remains a French overseas possession. Despite Spain's claim in 1593, the Dutch started settling along the Essequibo, Courantyne, and Cayenne rivers in 1602. They were followed by the Dutch West India Company (1621), which received what is now Guyana and subsequently Suriname.African slaves were brought in to labor on the company's tobacco, cotton, and coffee farms. The Brits re-occupied much of Dutch Guyana under the Batavian Republic. Following the Napoleonic Wars in 1814, British acquired control of the three territories west of the Courantyne River (Demerara, Berbice, and Essequibo). These three territories merged to form British Guiana.

(4 points)

17. Describe one cause of the urbanization of Texas that occurred during or after World War II

Use examples to support your answer.

Answers

The urbanisation of Texas during or after World War II The development of metropolitan centres was attracted to by the war-related industry, which also attracted farmers and residents of small towns.

Farmers, residents of small towns, and others were drawn into growing urban areas by the war-related business. Many of the workers were women and non-Caucasian. With a net population increase of 33 percent, Texas quickly shifted from being predominantly rural to becoming more urban. The Great Depression was quickly forgotten.

Texas's urbanisation is mostly a product of European immigration and culture. The Indian contribution is little because there isn't much that can be linked to Indian roots in contemporary Texas cities, with the possible exception of some demographic segments' genetic makeup.

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The ideas of the Jacksonian Democrats are best represented by the phrase,

A. *politics for the "common man."
B. "opportunity for immigrants."
C. "politics for the under represented."
D. "voting rights for women *

Answers

Answer:

A. *politics for the "common man."

What was the importance of the Jacksonian democracy?

The importance of Jacksonian democracy lies in all of its deep contradictions. It managed to be both democratic and anti-democratic at the same time. Which is largely why it has not been a valued governance model since the beginning of it’s end, with the Civil War. The more perduring positive legacy of it would be civic engagement in campaigns, at least; and to a lesser extent, state and local processes and policies. There were serious negative legacies it left, as well.

The high-level theory of Jacksonianism implies a government by, for and of the people. Versus and in contrast to: a government led by aristocracy, oligarchy, elitism, etc. Jackson believed less power in the hands of the latter would insure less corruption, and, more, well, ‘we the people’ -style democracy. It was much about a rejection of the one-(First) party Thomas Jefferson administration that largely limited political power to a limited cohort of East Coast elites. The Jacksonian ‘Second Party’ System sought to break the mold and intentionally engage the ‘common man.’

Most of us learn that democracy is about the fair and equal rights and inputs of all—including, ostensibly, the populist (simply: non-government employed population). The reality was (and remains) that democracies—from the Roman Empire to the British Empire (as well as to many American administrations from both parties, including the current Trump Administration)—often were anything but, in practice, solely or even primarily: ‘for the people.’

From this perspective Jackson’s iteration of democracy was radical—but, only to a point. He wasn’t an extremist. With the most unmistakable evidence he wasn’t being that Jackson—and the whole concept of Jacksonian democracy, was, in truth, a poor model for political equality and equitable power.

Blame it on the times if you like, but, the fact is that by ‘the people’ Jackson really meant only ‘white men.’ All others—Native Americans, Mexicans, blacks, women, etc., were left out in theory and ideology (though some unspoken). and especially in policy and practice—to the point that his Congress had a gag rule against discussion of slave policy.

Beyond those glaringly incongruent exceptions, Jackson was considered a ‘new federalist’ due to his straddle of the federalist system as well as some parts of the anti-federalist paradigms. He was a fan of short term limits, protective of states rights and promoted individual rights. The catch is he also managed to expand the executive/president’s office, reduce the potency of the legislature/Congress, all but failed at ‘draining the swamp’ (other than of his political foes who he hastened to remove in wide swaths and whom he replaced with supporters), endorsed slavery, and pulled in the federal reigns over states during the nullification crisis.

Beyond this all, is a theme abundantly demonstrated in the Donald J. Trump presidency. Jackson was a fan of patronage—appointing your friends and allies to political positions—and, (though it’s unknown if Trump will follow through with this part of it): rotating new ones in after four years, apparently to keep the system fresh.

Keeping this relevant background and context in mind, here are some key features of the Jacksonian doctrine, largely in theory again, not necessarily practice—-

Suffrage/Voting rights

Rhetorically Jackson elevated and espoused the concept of ‘majority’ rule. Towards that end one notable battle he took on was an attempt at the abolishment of the Electoral College, part of representative democracy, with their party-appointed representatives (elector(s)) for each state serving as proxies of sort for ‘the people’s’ presidential vote. Jackson felt the electors and Electoral College process was incongruent with the ‘one (white) man, one vote,’ process of the popular vote/majority rule system.

Manifest Destiny

Jackson wanted to ‘expand freedom’ geographically. This was related to both his agrarian ideals—which he boosted with supporting the distribution of land to individual citizens—and, also to the destruction of first nation Native American tribes, an anti-freedom (for non-whites) policy which led to the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears, both under his watch.

In the spirit of the entitlement ethos known as American exceptionalism (or, more literally: ‘Romantic’ nationalism), Jackson was a proponent of both (white) citizens and the government exploring and taking control of the of the American frontier, beyond the colonized East. The ‘destiny’ part comes from the belief that this was settlers’ God-given right. As though God Him/Herself gave white (male) citizens of the U.S. more favor than the land’s indigenous citizens to the North, West and South.

Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were ______ they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

Answers

Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

What were T. Washington's ideas?

Booker T. Washington was an educator, speaker, and writer who founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, which is now Tuskegee University, in Tuskegee, Alabama.

Washington was a significant figure in the African American community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and he was well-known for his advocacy for racial uplift and educational development.

In his speech, he proposed that Southern whites and African Americans should work together to build a self-sufficient Southern economy in which blacks and whites would be equal but separate.

This meant that African Americans should concentrate on acquiring practical skills, especially in agriculture and industrial trades, rather than fighting for full civil rights and social equality.

So, Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were more popular than they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

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