Answer:
Three States of Matter
Learning Objective
Describe the three states of matter
Key Points
Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas
The states of matterThis diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions.
Solids
A solid’s particles are packed closely together. The forces between the particles are strong enough that the particles cannot move freely; they can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape and a definite volume. Solids can only change shape under force, as when broken or cut.
In crystalline solids, particles are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern. There are many different crystal structures, and the same substance can have more than one structure. For example, iron has a body-centered cubic structure at temperatures below 912 °C and a face-centered cubic structure between 912 and 1394 °C. Ice has fifteen known crystal structures, each of which exists at a different temperature and pressure.
A solid can transform into a liquid through melting, and a liquid can transform into a solid through freezing. A solid can also change directly into a gas through a process called sublimation.
Liquids
A liquid is a fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but that retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. The volume is definite (does not change) if the temperature and pressure are constant. When a solid is heated above its melting point, it becomes liquid because the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular (or interatomic or interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules have enough energy to move around, which makes the structure mobile. This means that a liquid is not definite in shape but rather conforms to the shape of its container. Its volume is usually greater than that of its corresponding solid (water is a well-known exception to this rule). The highest temperature at which a particular liquid can exist is called its critical temperature.
A liquid can be converted to a gas through heating at constant pressure to the substance’s boiling point or through reduction of pressure at constant temperature. This process of a liquid changing to a gas is called evaporation.
Gases
Gas molecules have either very weak bonds or no bonds at all, so they can move freely and quickly. Because of this, not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container, it will also expand to completely fill the container. Gas molecules have enough kinetic energy that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero, for an ideal gas), and they are spaced very far apart from each other; the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the size of the molecules themselves.
A gas at a temperature below its critical temperature can also be called a vapor. A vapor can be liquefied through compression without cooling. It can also exist in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid), in which case the gas pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid (or solid).
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a gas whose temperature and pressure are greater than the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. A supercritical fluid has the physical properties of a gas, but its high density lends it the properties of a solvent in some cases. This can be useful in several applications. For example, supercritical carbon dioxide is used to extract caffeine in the manufacturing of decaffeinated coffee.
Phase Changes –What does a phase change look like at the molecular level? This video takes a look at the molecular structure of solids, liquids, and gases and examines how the kinetic energy of the particles changes. The video also discusses melting, vaporization, condensation, and freezing.
Explanation:pa brainliest answer po
What is ONE way in which geologists may utilize GPS and satellite mapping?
A way through which geologists may utilize GPS and satellite mapping is to monitor the changes in the environment.
A global positioning system refers to a network of receiving devices and satellites that are used to determine the location of a particular thing on Earth.
It should be noted that a global positioning system (GPS) and satellite mapping can be used in monitoring changes in the environment. It can also be used to collect accurate field data when mapping or surveying.
Read related link on:
https://brainly.com/question/25379982
Why can populations of invasive species increase rapidly in new environments
Answer:
they have no preditors in that current enviroment that can or is used to eating them so they just grow with no resistance
Explanation:
Which statement explains why ammonites are a good example of an index fossil?
Answer:
Ammonites existed only in the oceans.
Explanation:
Index fossils serve as a relative dating marker for geologic time periods and the rocks formed at those times. The fossils are of species that lived for only a short while, though that could be millions of years, and were widespread on the Earth. Ammonites are good index fossils for several reasons. First, they are easily identified by their spiral shells.
The statement explains why ammonites are a good example of an index fossil
Ammonites existed only in the oceans.
What is an Index fossil?
Index fossil are plants and animals which have been preserved in rock
surfaces over a long period of time and are usually characteristic of a
particular geographical location.
Examples of Index fossils include:
Ammonites Brachiopods, Graptolites NanofossilsTrilobitesAmmonites are animal fossils which are characteristic of the marine
environment.
Read more about Ammonites here https://brainly.com/question/465687
What is the difference between an f donor and an hfr donor?.
1. Comparision of DNA sequences among single-celled organisms suggests that eukaryotes are more closely related to archaea than bacteria. The type of evidence is .
The type of evidence is indicating that eukaryotes are more closely related to archaea than bacteria is BIOINFORMATICS. This field of study compares nucleotides (DNA) sequences.
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary discipline that uses computational tools to interpret biological data.
This field of study (bioinformatics) compares nucleotides (DNA) sequences in order to determine the evolutionary level of shared ancestry between species.
For this purpose, bioinformatics uses the linear order of nucleotides in order to compare different species.
Learn more in:
https://brainly.com/question/25234636
Chitin is all of the following EXCEPT ________. Found in insect and crustacean shells Composed of N-acetylglucosamine subunits Composed of linear fibrils like cellulose Found in plant cell walls
Answer:
Found in plant cell walls
Chitin is all of the following except it is found in the plant cell wall. So, the correct option is D.
What do you mean by Cell wall?It is the outermost layer of a cell that can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. Its function is to provide structural support and protection to the complete cell.
The Cell-wall of fungi is made up of chitin. It is composed of N-acetylglucosamine subunits. It is also composed of linear fibrils like cellulose. Mostly, found in insect and crustacean shells.
Therefore, Chitin is all of the following except it is found in the plant cell wall.
To learn more about Chitin, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/10878050
why would you not use green light and white light if you wanted to determine the dependence of specific color wavelengths on the rate of photosynthesis?
Given our understanding of the situation, we can confirm that the use of green or white light would not be ideal for the experiment at hand because it will not yield any useful information.
In this experiment, we wish to determine the dependence of specific color wavelengths on the rate of photosynthesis. The use of white light for this experiment will defeat the purpose, given that white is the naturally occurring color of light and the available data on this is vast.
Furthermore, we would not use green colored light because it will not be effective. The effectiveness of the color of light that we decide to use will be based on the absorption rate of the light at a cellular level. Green light is known to not be well absorbed by the chlorophyll of plants and therefore will not be useful.
To learn more visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1172560?referrer=searchResults
To all bug experts, what is this bug?
Answer:
I think it is an emerald cockroach
What type of molecule controls photosynthesis
Answer:
Chloroplasts, I believe
Explanation:
Question 1 of 5
How do stories differ from scientific explanations?
A. Stories avoid presenting bias.
B. Stories are based on evidence.
C. Stories are based on imagination.
D. Stories are always negative.
SUBMIT
Which of the following are elements? (Select all that apply.)
Na
H2O
C
KCl
Grade -5-
Answer:
Na & C
Explanation:
nterphase lasts for ________ of a cell's life.
Answer: 12-24 hours
Explanation: Interphase generally lasts at least 12 to 24 hours in mammalian tissue. During this period, the cell is constantly synthesizing RNA, producing protein and growing in size.
Why might more and more people be using clean energy instead of fossil fuels ? Use evidence from the text to support your answer .
Answer:
I don't have the information from the text book but. People might more and more be using clean energy instead of fossil fuel is because fossil fuel is limited. It's a non-renewable, it takes millions of years to form. Also because global warming is making a big impact on our planet, using clean energy instead of fossil fuel can reduce slow green house emission.
Explanation:
objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the
Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the lens.
What is eye lens?The lens basically directs light rays onto the retina. The lens is clear and replaceable if necessary. As we age, our lenses deteriorate, necessitating the use of reading glasses.
The lens is normally clear and is located behind the iris. The pupil directs light to the lens.
Small muscles attached to the lens can cause the lens to change shape, allowing the eyes to focus on objects that are close or far away.
Light bends (refracts) and focuses on the retina at the back of the eye as it passes through the lens.
The lens's thickness and curvature can be adjusted to focus on objects at various distances and ensure that the image is as clear as possible (this process is known as accommodation).
Thus, eye lens helps to focus the object.
For more details regarding eye lens, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17146693
#SPJ6
When testing the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants, temperature would be considered a?
A.independent variable
B. dependent variable
C. constant
Answer: Independent Variable
Explanation: Already explained this one in another post.
Complete the sentence by using the correct word. Studies of levels of poisons in snow were made by a(n) _____. analyzed especially accumulative environmental microscopic particles industrial geochemist exhaust toxicity
Answer:
I think it may be geochemist. sry if its wrong!
Explanation:
how much time does it take autumn to travel 240 meters at a speed of 80 meters per second
When is it important to drink water?
Answer:
d. All of the above
Explanation: correct
Answer:
? why did you post this
Explanation:
Which sentence best explains how a positive feedback loop affects climate
change?
A. As the number of plants increases, the amount of CO2 decreases.
B. High clouds have a high albedo and reflect solar energy back into
space.
C. As climate warms, CO2 increases because plants remove less of
it.
D. High precipitation results in increased plant growth, lowering CO2.
A positive feedback loop that affects climate is change as the number of plants increases, the amount of CO2 decreases.
The more trees the less CO2?Scientists agree that one of the most effective ways to absorb part of the CO2 from the atmosphere would be to plant more trees, as they use CO2 to grow and release oxygen, this action brings benefits to the entire environment.
With this information, we can conclude that A positive feedback loop that affects climate is change as the number of plants increases, the amount of CO2 decreases.
Learn more about plant more trees in brainly.com/question/15215949
#SPJ1
Which part of the mitochondrion contains the proteins that carry out oxidative phosphorylation?.
Answer:
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Explanation:
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, in contrast with most of the reactions of the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation, which take place in the matrix.
how do apocrine glands differ from other skin glands
The type of fossil fuel made from the remains of ancient plants that lived millions of years ago is A. peat B. coal C. oil D. natural gas E. synfuel
Answer is B coal
Explanation:
thank you
____________ results from chemicals in car exhaust reacting with the sunlight.
Acid Rain
Contaminant fog
Smog
Greenhouse Effect
Answer:
smog
Explanation:
Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities.
If I'm on an elevator that breaks loose and plummets down the shaft, can I avoid harm by jumping at the last second?
Answer:
It sounds like it would work but it wont. you need to lay down for the safest
Explanation:
Which is a homologous structure to the human forearm?
O A. The beak of a bird
OB. The skull of a raccoon
O C. The tail of a dog
O D. The leg of a horse
The homologous structure to the forearm of humans is the leg of the horse.
What are homologous organs?Homologous organs are organs that share similar structural organization. They are similar structurally but are different in functions. They share common ancestors. These organs are anatomically similar. As there are common ancestors, this type of evolution is known as divergent evolution.
The reason behind the divergent evolution is environmental changes, and food requirements which force them to evolve according to the requirements. The wings of bats, the forearms of humans, and the front legs of the horse are a few examples of homologous organs which underwent divergent evolution.
Homologous organs have different functions in organisms.
Learn more about the homologous organs, here:
https://brainly.com/question/3153863
#SPJ5
What is the main issue with traditional classification?
Answer:
A major problem is that classifying according to overall similarities can be misleading. For example, dolphins could be mis-classifed as fishes because they have fins, but dolphins are mammals, not fishes.
Explanation:
________happens in the mitochondrial membrane and is where hydrogen ions are
pumped through to create ATP
O glycolysis
Okreb's cycle
O light reactions
electron transport chain
Explanation: Electron transport chain
How are hydrogen ions pumped across the membrane?
Image result for what is used to make the mitochondrial membrane and is where hydrogen ions are pumped through to create ATP
During electron transport, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Three types of macromolecules are mentioned in the video that are digested and ABSORBED in the small intestine. What do they all get absorbed into first?
Lacteals
Epithelial cells
Capillaries
Given what we know about the biology of the small intestine, we can confirm that the macromolecules are being absorbed into the "Epithelial cells".
The small intestine is in charge of absorbing the nutrients, which we require in order to survive and perform even the most basic metabolic processes, from the food that we ingest. In order to be able to perform this function, the cells in question have specialized epithelium which consists of Microvilli.
Microvilli can be thought of as membrane protrusions that serve to expand the surface area of the epithelial cells. This allows the cells to have a greater area through which to absorb nutrients such as the macromolecules mentioned.
To learn more visit:
https://brainly.com/question/6549791?referrer=searchResults
Colchicine is a toxin that binds to tubulin proteins and prevents microtubules from elongating. What effect might this have on dividing cells
The effect Colchicine might have on dividing cells is that the duplicated chromosomes might not be able to segregate into daughter nuclei.
Colchicine is an alkaloid that attaches to tubulin and prevents it from polymerization to microtubules. As we know that Microtubules are a component of the cytoskeleton of a cell that aids in molecular mobility inside the cell.
During cell division, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, which are then connected to microtubules. The chromosomes are separated into daughter cells by microtubules.
When these cells are treated with colchicine, tubulin polymerization to microtubules may not occur, and the chromosomes containing daughter nucleic might not be separated.
Learn more about chromosomes here:
https://brainly.com/question/2583209?referrer=searchResults
the segment of the dna molecule where messenger rna synthesis begins is called the
