Answer:
Current ratio = Current Assets / Current Liability
Current ratio 2019 = 9,523 / 5,821
Current ratio 2019 = 1.64 : 1
Current ratio 2020 = 10,683 / 4,974
Current ratio 2020 = 2.15 : 1
Working Capital = Current asset - Current liability
Working capital 2019 = $9,523 - $5,821
Working capital 2019 = $3,702
Working capital 2020 = $10,683 - $4,974
Working capital 2020 = $5,709
The standard overhead applied is based on the ______ level of activity multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate.
Answer: actual level
Explanation:
It should be noted that when determining the standard overhead cost rate, overhead costs have to be grouped into the fixed cost and the variable costs.
The standard overhead applied is based on the actual level of activity multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate.
A company decides not to pay dividends to stockholders, but the company is requested to pay interest to debt holders. What does this mean about the performance of the company?
Answer: Poor Performance
Explanation:
Options are not available but the foremost reason why a company would decline to pay dividends but still be requested to pay interest to debt holders is that they performed poorly.
Dividends are based on how much net income the company got for the period and so if a company performs poorly, they should not pay out dividends as it will put them in financial difficulty.
Interest payments however have to be paid regardless of if the company made a profit or not. So even if the company performed poorly, they would still be requested to pay interest to debt holders.
if N lekin's beginning capital balance shown on a statement of owner's equity is 100,000. net income for the period is
Answer:
$125,000
Explanation:
The computation of the owner's capital balance at the end of the period is shown below:-
Owner's Capital balance at the end = Capital balance in the beginning + Additional investments + Net Income - Withdrawals
= $100,000 + 0 + $50,000 - $25,000
= $125,000
Therefore for computing the owner's capital balance at the end we simply applied the above formula.
Use the following information to determine the break-even point in sales dollars:
Unit sales 51,600 Units
Dollar sales $516,000
Fixed costs $206,000
Variable costs $193,500
$206,000.
$116,500.
$186,400.
$329,600.
$516,000.
Answer:
$329,600
Explanation:
The computation of break-even point is shown below:-
But before that first we need to compute the following calculations
Total contribution margin ratio = Sales - Variable cost
= $516,000 - $193,500
= $322,500
Contribution margin in percentage = Total Contribution Margin ÷ Total Sales
= $322,500 ÷ $516,000
= 62.50%
Now,
Break-even point = Total fixed cost ÷ Contribution margin in percentage
= $206,000 ÷ 62.50%
= $329,600
Who is responsible for responding to workflow(s) for equipment dispatch requests through the business workplace require An approving authority must approve
Answer:
Commander
Explanation:
GCSS-Army is short for Global Combat Support System-Army. The GCSS is a section of the United States Army that is fielded under the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. There are the GCSS Wave 1 and GCSS Wave 2. These two groups have different roles.
The role of the Commander falls under the Wave 2 functions where he is required to perform the roles of maintenance, dispatch, unit supply, and property book functions. The Wave 1 function is mostly about allowing access to support supply activity functions. The commanders in any organization they work with can screen several transactions and give approval for equipment dispatch.
For the current year ended March 31, Cosgrove Company expects fixed costs of $27,600,000, a unit variable cost of $805, and a unit selling price of $1,150.a. Compute the anticipated break-even sales (units).unitsb. Compute the sales (units) required to realize operating income of $5,175,000.units
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Fixed costs= $27,600,000
Unitary variable cost= $805
Unit selling price= $1,150
To calculate the break-even point in units, we need to use the following formula:
Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit
Break-even point in units= 27,600,000 / (1,150 - 805)
Break-even point in units= 80,000 units
Desired income= $5,175,000
Break-even point in units= (fixed costs + desired profit) / contribution margin per unit
Break-even point in units= (27,600,000 + 5,175,000) / 345
Break-even point in units= 95,000 units
Bailey and Sons has a levered beta of 1.10, its capital structure consists of 40% debt and 60% equity, and its tax rate is 40%. What would Bailey's beta be if it used no debt, i.e., what is its unlevered beta? a. 0.79 b. 0.67 c. 0.71 d. 0.64 e. 0.75
Answer:
Option A. 0.79
Explanation:
All we have to do is convert the levered beta into unlevered beta (100% equity financed). So we will use the following formula to find unlevered beta:
Unlevered Beta = Levered Beta / (1 + (1+T)* D/E)
Here,
Tax rate is 40%
Debt is 40%
Equity is 60%
And Levered Beta is 1.10
Now by putting values, we have:
Unlevered Beta = 1.10 / (1 + (1 - 0.4)* 40% / 60%)
Unlevered Beta = 1.10 / (1 + 0.6 * .667)
Unlevered Beta = 1.10 / (1 + 0.4)
Unlevered Beta = 1.10 / (1.4)
Unlevered Beta = 0.786 which after rounding off we have 0.79
perline, inc., has balance sheet equity of $6.2 million.At the same time, the income statement shows net income of $948600. The company paid dividends of $493272 and has 100000 shares of stock outstanding. If the benchmark PE ratio is 26, what is the target stock price in one year?
Answer:
The target stock price in one year is $264.75
Explanation:
We first calculate the ROE as below
ROE= Earnings / Book value of Equity
ROE= $948,600 / $6,200,000
ROE= 0.153
The payout ratio is:
b= Dividend / Net income
b = $493,272 / $948,600
b = 0.52
So the sustainable growth rate is:
g = ROE * (1-b)
g = 0.153 * (1-0.52)
g = 0.153 * 0.48
g = 0.07344
The earning in the first year are
EPS1 = $948,600 / 100,000 * (1 + 0.07344)
EPS1 = $9.486 * 1.07344
EPS1 = $10.1827
According to the benchmark PE ratio, the target stock price in one year is
Price = EPS1 * 26
Price = $10.1827 * 26
Price = $264.75
In early January, Burger Mania acquired 100% of the common stock of the Crispy Taco restaurant chain. The purchase price allocation included the following items: $5 million, patent; $3 million, trademark considered to have an indefinite useful life; and $5 million, goodwill. Burger Mania's policy is to amortize intangible assets with finite useful lives using the straight-line method, no residual value, and a five-year service life. What is the total amount of amortization expense that would appear in Burger Mania's income statement for the first year ended December 31 related to these items
Answer:
$1,000,000 per year
Explanation:
We can infer from the above information that the intangible assets with indefinite period are checked annually, for impairment hence patent is a limited life intangible.
Therefore;
The amount of amortization of patent at the end of first year
= Patent value ÷ Useful life
= $5 million ÷ 5 years
= $1,000,000 per year
Therefore, the company should amortize $1,000,000 per year.
Erosion costs. Fat Tire Bicycle Company currently sells bicycles per year. The current bike is a standard balloon-tire bike selling for $, with a production and shipping cost of $. The company is thinking of introducing an off-road bike with a projected selling price of $ and a production and shipping cost of $. The projected annual sales for the off-road bike are . The company will lose sales in fat-tire bikes of units per year if it introduces the new bike, however. What is the erosion cost from the new bike? Should Fat Tire start producing the off-road bike? What is the erosion cost from the new bike?
Answer:
A. $1,725,000
B. Yes
Explanation:
Calculation for the erosion cost from the new bike
First step to find the erosion cost
Using this formula
Erosion cost =(Sales-Production and shipping cost )*Loss of sales units per year
Let plug in the formula
Erosion cost=(100-40)*7,500
Erosion cost=60*7,500
Erosion cost= $450,000
Second step is to calculate for the Net annual Cash flow using this formula
Net annual cash flow= (Projected selling price-Production and shipping cost)*Projected annual sales-Erosion cost
Let plug in the formula
Net annual cash flow= (370-225)*15,000 - 450,000
Net annual cash flow =145*15,000-450,000
Net annual cash flow =2,175,000-450,000
Net annual cash flow=$1,725,000
B.Yes Fat Tire start producing the off-road bike
Because the net annual cash flow is positive
The cities of Tampa Bay and St. Petersburg, located on opposite sides of the Tampa Bay, are associated with what manufacturing industry
Answer:
The cities of Tampa Bay and St. Petersburg, are associated with the electronics and stationary manufacturing industry. For example office equipment, electronics, and optical products are manufactured in great quantities in both cities.
Explanation:
In Rooney Company, direct labor is $18 per hour. The company expects to operate at 12,000 direct labor hours each month. In January 2017, direct labor totaling $222,400 is incurred in working 12,600 hours.
Prepare a flexible budget report.
Answer:
Flexible budget Report for Rooney Company
Flexed budget Actual Variance
Labour hours 12,600 12,600
Labour cost($) 226,800 222,400 4,400 Favorable
Explanation:
A flexible budget is that which is prepared to reflect the actual activity level achieved.
It is useful for a control purpose; to compare the actual result to the expected performance. The expected performance is the the flexible budget which is a revised master budget.
Also it uses the assumptions of the static budget like standard costs and prices.
Flexed budget for labour = standard hour × actual labour cost
= $18× 12,600 = $ 226,800
Flexible budget Report for Rooney Company
Flexed budget Actual Variance
Labour hours 12,600 12,600
Labour cost($) 226,800 222,400 4,400 Favorable
When one nation can produce a product at lower cost relative to another nation, it is said to have a(n) __________________ in producing that product. Group of answer choices
Answer:
absolute advantage
Explanation:
In such a scenario the nation is said to have an absolute advantage in producing that product. Like mentioned, this term refers to the ability of a nation to be able to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than its competitors at a lower cost. This allows the nation to profit massively as well as having more opportunities.
Marston Manufacturing Company has two divisions, L and H. Division L is the company’s low-risk division and would have a weighted average cost of capital of 8% if it was operated as an independent company. Division H is the company’s high-risk division and would have a weighted average cost of capital of 14% if it was operated as an independent company. Because the two divisions are the same size, the company has a composite weighted average cost of capital of 11%. Division H is considering a project with an expected return of 12%. Should Marston Manufacturing Company accept or reject the project? Reject the project Accept the project On what grounds do you base your accept–reject decision? Division H’s project should be accepted, as its return is greater than the risk-based cost of capital for the division. Division H’s project should be rejected since its return is less than the risk-based cost of capital for the division.
Answer:
Should Marston Manufacturing Company accept or reject the project?
Marston C Company should reject the project because its expected return is lower than Division H's cost of capital.
Since the divisions' risk is so different, and probably their projects are also very different, the company should use different costs of capital to accept of reject the projects based on each division's cost of capital.
Imagine another situation where Division L is evaluating a project that yields 10%. If they used the company's WACC, then they should reject the project, but if they used the division's cost of capital, then they should accept the project (in this case I would recommend accepting it).
Explanation:
Division H's risk = 14%
Division L's risk = 8%
WACC = 11%
Radoski Corporation's bonds make an annual coupon interest payment of 7.35% every year. The bonds have a par value of $1,000, a current price of $1,470, and mature in 12 years. What is the yield to maturity on these bonds
Answer:
The answer is 2.71 percent
Explanation:
The interest payment is annually.
N(Number of periods) = 12 years
I/Y(Yield to maturity) = ?
PV(present value or market price) = $1,470
PMT( coupon payment) = $73.5 ( [7.35 percent x $1,000)
FV( Future value or par value) = $1,000.
We are using a Financial calculator for this.
N= 12; PV = -1470 ; PMT = 73.5; FV= $1,000; CPT I/Y= 2.71
Therefore, the Yield-to-maturity of the bond annually is 2.71 percent
You short-sell 100 shares of Tuckerton Trading Co., now selling for $44 per share. What is your maximum possible gain, ignoring transactions cost
Answer:
$4,400
Explanation:
Calculation for the maximum possible gain, ignoring transactions cost
Using this formula
Maximum possible gain = Sale proceeds - Cost of purchasing the share
Let plug in the formula
Maximum possible gain = (100 shares *$44 per shares)- (100 shares *0) = 14000
Maximum possible gain=$4,400-0
Maximum possible gain=$4,400
Therefore the maximum possible gain, ignoring transactions cost will be $4,400
ABC paid $2,000 interest on short-term notes payable, $10,000 interest on long-term bonds, and $6,000 in dividends on its common stock. ABC would report cash outflows from activities, as follows:
A) Operating, $12,000; Financing $6,000.
B) Operating, $0; Financing $18,000.
C) Operating, $18,000; Financing $0.
D) Operating, $2,000; Financing $16,000.
Answer: A) Operating, $12,000; Financing $6,000.
Explanation:
Operating Activities deal with the cashflow related to the operations of the business and it's short term obligations. Interest payments on loans are short term and are considered part of normal business operations so the outflow from Operating activities is;
= $2,000 interest on short-term notes payable + $10,000 interest on long-term bonds
= $12,000
Financing Activities relate to cash-flow surrounding the capital of the firm. This includes Equity and long term debt. Dividends have the impact of reducing equity and so will fall under Financing activities.
Dividends = Financing = $6,000
XYZ, Inc. has a beta of 0.8. The yield on a 3-month T-bill is 5%, and the yield on a 10-year T-bond is 7%. The market risk premium is 5.5%, and the return on an average stock in the market last year was 20%. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM? Show your work
Answer:
the estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM is 11.40 %.
Explanation:
Cost of Equity = Return on the Risk Free Security + Beta × Return on Market Portfolio
= 7.00 % + 0.8 × 5.5%
= 11.40 %
The estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM is 11.40 %.
Calculation of the cost of common equity;Since the return on risk-free rate is 7%, beta is 0.8 and, the market risk premium is 5.5%
So here the cost of common equity should be
= Return on the Risk Free + Beta × Market risk premium
= 7.00 % + 0.8 × 5.5%
= 11.40 %
Hence, The estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM is 11.40 %.
Learn more about equity here: https://brainly.com/question/24300830
Describe various ways that knowledge management systems could help firms with sales and marketing or with manufacturing and production.
Answer:
Please see explanation below.
Explanation:
Knowledge management system is a system that allows sales people have quick and right information about a company's value proposition without having to wait for feedback from team members or someone else in the company. An advantage of knowledge management system is the ability to train many employees remotely or places where they may be needed.
Various ways ways that knowledge management system could help sales and marketing.
•Getting sales people on the same page. A company's sales team should understand the value propositions of their firm and how such values distinct them from the competitors. Each sales member should be acquitted with the knowledge management system which provides an easily accessible place for the company's value proposition. It also means that the values should readily be known and understood by everyone and are able to apply them according to how situations demands.
• Allowing to refine and deliver a better training process. This explain that knowledge management system can assist in terms of tracking questions frequently asked by sales people , contents mostly assessed by them and activities often carried out by top sales person that bring about the best result. All the information gathered including possible answers and training contents can then be loaded into the knowledge management system to help train new hires.
• Helping to track valuable insights and information. Prospects and customers usually give useful feed back which can assist a sales team and sales representative handles future sales opportunities. It is not enough capturing these information on the knowledge management system, they should be properly organized and accessible for other team members to benefit .
• Making it easier for sales and marketing to help each other. An important part of marketing team's task is to understand the challenges faced by the target audience and the questions prospects commonly ask so as to create relevant contents for them and also upload them on the knowledge management system portal. Such information should be often accessed by the team and then take better advantage of it.
Other areas knowledge management system could help sales and marketing are assistance with sales trend, high level decisions with regards to product orders, price negotiations . etc
you decided to get a summer job since you were 14 as a lifeguard. you have made 2000 each summer. you placed all your earning in your savings account each year. It's 5 years later and you want to determine how much interest you have made. use the calculator to determine this
Answer:
Determine of interest made by placing $2,000 earnings each summer in savings account each year:
Total Interest $1,265.95
at 4% interest per annum.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
1. Data:
Earnings each summer = $2,000
Period = 5 years
Interest Rate = 4%
2. Using online calculator:
V (Future Value) $11,265.95
PV (Present Value) $9,259.79
N (Number of Periods) 5.000
I/Y (Interest Rate) 4.000%
PMT (Periodic Payment) $2,000.00
Starting Investment $0.00
Total Principal $10,000.00
Total Interest $1,265.95
3. By placing all your earning in your savings account each year after 5 years, you will get an interest of $1,265.95 and a total future value of $11,265.95, having deposited $10,000 ($2,000 each for 5 years).
Which ratios measure the extent of a firm’s financing with debt relative to equity and its ability to cover interest and fixed charges?
Answer:
Debt to Equity ratio and Times Interest Earned (TIE) ratio
Explanation:
The Debt to Equity ratio measures the extent of a firm’s financing with debt relative to equity
Formulae :
Debt to Equity ratio = Total Debt ÷ Total Equity
The Times Interest Earned (TIE) ratio measures the ability of a firm ability to cover interest and fixed charges
Formulae :
Times Interest Earned (TIE) ratio = Earnings Before Interest and Tax ÷ Interest
A newly issued 20-year maturity, zero-coupon bond is issued with a yield to maturity of 8% and face value $1,000. Find the imputed interest income in: (a) the first year; (b) the second year; and (c) the last year of the bond’s life.
Answer:
First Year $ 17.17
Second Year $ 18.53
Last Year $ 74.08
Explanation:
Computation to Find the imputed interest income in: (a) the first year; (b) the second year; and (c) the last year of the bond’s life
Imputed Interest
First step
Using this formula
Imputed interest=(Present Value /1+Yield to maturity)^Numberd of years
Year Years Remaining to Maturity Constant Yield Value ( 1 / 1.08)^n
0 20 (1/1.08)^20= $ 214.54
1 19 (1/1.08)^19=$ 231.71
2 18 (1/1.08)^18=$ 250.24
19 1 (1/1.08)^1=$ 925.92
20 0 (1/1.08)^0=$ 1,000
Second step is to find the Imputed interest for the first year, second year; and the last year of the bond’s life
Year Years Remaining to Maturity Constant Yield Value ( 1 / 1.08)^n =Imputed Interest
0 20 $ 214.54
1 19 $ 231.71 $17.17
($231.71-$214.54)= $17.17
2 18 $ 250.24 $18.53
($250.24-$231.71)=$18.53
19 1 $ 925.92
20 0 $ 1,000 $74.08
($1,000-$925.92) =$74.08
Therefore the imputed interest will be:
First Year $ 17.17
Second Year $ 18.53
Last Year $ 74.08
Dog Up! Franks is looking at a new sausage system with an initial cost of $445,000 that will last for five years. The fixed asset will qualify for 100 percent bonus depreciation in the first year, at the end of which the sausage system can be scrapped for $53,000. The sausage system will save the firm $139,000 per year in pretax operating costs, and the system requires an initial investment in net working capital of $25,000. If the tax rate is 23 percent and the discount rate is 11 percent, what is the NPV of this project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
The NPV of this project is $494,385.54.
Explanation:
Note: See the attached excel file for the calculation of the NPV.
Net present value (NPV) of project refers to the the difference between the project's present value of its cash cash inflows and the present value of of its cash outflows over a specific period of time.
Since inflow is positive and outflow is negative, NPV can also be calculated by just sum of both the inflows and outflows.
The NPV of this project $494,385.54.
AAA Manufacturing Inc, makes a product with the following costs per unit: Direct materials $150 Direct labor $90 Manufacturing overhead (variable) $60 Manufacturing overhead (fixed) $120 Marketing costs $85 What would be the inventoriable cost per unit under variable costing and what would it be under absorption costing?
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Direct materials $150
Direct labor $90
Manufacturing overhead (variable) $60
Manufacturing overhead (fixed) $120
The absorption costing method includes all costs related to production, both fixed and variable. The unit product cost is calculated using direct material, direct labor, and total unitary manufacturing overhead.
The variable costing method incorporates all variable production costs (direct material, direct labor, and variable overhead).
Variable costing:
Unitary production cost= 150 + 90 + 60= $300
Absorption costing:
Unitary production cost= 300 + 120= $420
Provident Bank offers a 10-year CD that earns 2.15% compounded continuously. If $10,000 is invested in this CD, how much will it be worth in 10 years
Answer:
the CD will be worth $12,370.40 in 10 years time.
Explanation:
The Future Value is the term given to the amount that a dollar invested today would be worth in the future.
The Future Value of the CD can be determined as follows :
PV = - $10,000
n = 10
i = 2.15 %
Pmt = $ 0
P/yr = 1
FV = ?
Using a financial calculator,the future value (FV) of the CD in 10 years time will be : $12,370.40
The Treasury bill rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 7%.
Project Beta Internal rate of return %
P 1.0 14
Q 0 6
R 2.0 18
S 0.4 7
T 1.6 20
Required:
a. What are the project costs of capital for new ventures with betas of 0.75 and 1.75?
b. Which of the following capital investments have positive NPVs?
1. P
2. Q
3. R
4. S
5. T
Answer:
the answer is going to be 3. R
The Big Five Personality refers to the structures and propensities of people that explain their patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. Although there are literally thousands of traits that can be used to describe an individual's personality, most traits reflect one of five broad dimensions or factors of personality: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion. It is especially useful for managers to understand the personality traits of their employees since these traits often have important implications for workplace attitudes and behaviors, such as performance and commitment. The following activity takes you through the thought process of a manager trying to hire a new sales associate based on personality assessments of the candidates. Imagine that you are a midlevel manager at a paper company and you are in the process of hiring a new sales associate. So far, you have scheduled interviews with three potential candidates. You just concluded your first interview and want to spend some time reflecting on the notes you took. In particular, you want to make sure that you have a solid grasp of each candidate's personality traits since you know how important that can be on the job. Read through the notes and classify them according to the Big Five Taxonomy of personality. Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Took Initiative Openness to Experience Cold Hardworking Extraversion
Answer and Explanation:
Please find attachments
The big five taxonomy of personality refers to the "Big five" personality traits believed to be the traits on which many different personalities of people revolve. They include:extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
In the example above, based on the manager's interview with Cynthia. The manager can understand her personality by classifying using the big five personality traits based on information gathered from her and recommendations:
Cynthia took initiative: this falls under openness which are people who are creative and adventurous and like to learn new things
Cynthia could be hardworking: this falls under conscientiousness characterized by people who are generally organized and careful about things
Cynthia follows procedures: this falls under agreeableness which is the tendency to be trust and be cooperative
Cynthia seemed nervous: this falls under neuroticism which is the tendency for one to be emotionally unstable and usually have mood swings, anxiety or be sad
Cynthia was described as cold: this is also fall under neuroticism as Cynthia could be depressed
Product differentiation and advertising are profitable ventures only when:
the market is monopolistic
both revenues and costs increase
they do not affect entry barriers
the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost
the market is oligopolistic
Answer:
Product differentiation and advertising are profitable ventures only when:
the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost
Explanation:
When Company XYZ differentiates its product from competitors' through trademarks and other differentiating factors and embarks on advertising, it must watch out for cost overrun. The undertaking for the product differentiation and advertising should be able to generate more revenue than the costs. This will make Company XYZ determine that its differentiation and advertising make economic meaning by producing positive NPV.
Product differentiation as well as advertising can be considered as profitable ventures in a case whereby D: the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost.
Product differentiation can be regarded as activity that us been carried out by producer so that his product/service stand out to target audience. Advitisement on the other hand helps in promoting the goods/services .However, they a profitable ventures when the extra cost in production is less than the gain.Therefore, option D is correct.
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Which strategy is considered a timeout? captive company rebirth pause/proceed-with-caution contraction concentration
Answer: Pause/Proceed-with-caution
Explanation:
A timeout strategy refers to when a company decides to scale down a certain or certain operations for a time to effectively rest. The Pause/Proceed with caution strategy is a timeout strategy because it involves the company pausing operations to enable it assess the market before it can launch a bigger grand strategy.
This strategy is also employed when a company has gone through changes such as a serious expansion. They take a pause to enable the changes brought by the expansion to seep through the organization to give employees the chance to get acquainted with the changes so that moving forward, everyone is more or less on the same page.
4. Giving specific examples of global companies, discuss the following concepts which are contemporary issues of concern to Global Businesses: a) Corporate Social Responsibility b) Off-shoring c) Business Sustainability
Answer:
a) Corporate Social Responsibility
This is a type of international private business that is self-regulated which helps a company to become socially responsible, that is, giving back to the society through philanthropic activities which may include volunteer work or environmental activism.
b) Off-Shoring
Offshoring is simply taking advantage of difference in the cost of production or labor to relocate a business to another country in order to get cheaper labor for manufacturing operations.
Typically, it moves the production of materials from a country where such materials are expensive to another country where the materials are cheap in order to save costs.
c) Business Sustainability
This is simply taking care of all the major facets of a business in order to ensure that the success they have enjoyed in the past is sustained.
These facets could include management of social and economic demands to ensure optimal performance.
A business that is sustainable has a very little negative impact, rather it impacts its immediate environment positively.
