Sperm cells are not normally exposed to blood, but if they are, the immune system may produce ____________ against sperm cells' ____________ and render someone sterile.

Answer:

ni se la respuesta estoy respondiendo sólo para ganar puntos

Answer:

Different Measures of Disease

Question              Measure of Disease

a.                           I = incidence rate

b.                           P = prevalence

c.                           L = lifetime prevalence

d.                           L = lifetime prevalence

e.                           M = crude mortality rate

Explanation:

a) Measures of disease:

I = incidence rate (p. 126): measures the frequency of disease occurrence in a population over time. It is measured as new episodes of illness in a period divided by the population.

P = prevalence (p. 113): ratio or proportion of persons in a population with a disease at a time or over time.  It is based on a sample.

L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114):  the proportion or ratio of a population who had a disease at some point in their life.

M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112): the ratio of deaths in a period among a geographical population.

R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109): ratio of male and female population.

Answer:

Gene expression

Explanation:

Gene expression is the process in which cells (usually eukaryotic) have niches , meaning that one set of genes is expressed in once cell and different ones in another

Answer:

larve

Explanation:

innner metamorphasis started

Answer:

Larva Pls mark brainliest

Explanation:

Answer:

Plants and other creatures utilize photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then released to power the organism's metabolic processes through cellular respiration.

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Answer:

its basically a process thats plants use and many other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that helps them grow and without it, plants would go bye bye . :)

Explanation:

Learned it in science class lol.

Answer:

PP and Pp are purple flowers. pp is white flowers.

Explanation:

Capital P is the dominant gene, while lowercase p is the recessive gene.

Answer:

The options of this question are wrong, you can find the correct options by navigating on the web. The options of this question are as follow:

1) The sister species will continue to diverge from each other.

2) None of the sister species will interbreed with each other.

3) The Atlantic and Pacific shrimp will continue to live in their respective oceans and not enter the new canal.

4) Shallow-water species from the two oceans that are sister species would be more likely to interbreed with each other than would be deep-water species.

Answer:

4) Shallow-water species from the two oceans that are sister species would be more likely to interbreed with each other than would be deep-water species

Explanation:

In evolutionary biology, sister species are defined as descendant species formed when one species splits during the course of evolution. Moreover, adaptation refers to the evolutionary process of adjustment of organisms to the environment, which is usually due to natural selection. During the course of evolution, organisms under different environments must change to adapt to their environments. In this case, it is expected that sister species that live in similar environmental conditions (i.e., shallow-water species) exhibit fewer phenotypic differences, being therefore more likely to interbreed with each other.

Answer:

molecule

wound

Explanation:

DNA is the chemical name for molecule. The strands wind together and form a double helix.

Answer:

they are comer than their surroundings.

Sunspots are cooler because their magnetic fields inhibit the replenishing of heat from convective flows (due to the interaction between plasma and magnetic fields). This allows them to cool radiatively. The rest of the solar surface is constantly being replenished by convective cells that reheat it.

Answer:

because they are significantly cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface Despite their gloomy appearance, they are nonetheless extremely hot. A sunspot would shine brightly if it were alone in space.

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Answer:

It indicates that core histone genes were present in the last common ancestor of yeasts, plants, and animals

Explanation:

Histones are highly basic proteins that can strongly interact with DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes, the basic structural and functional unit of chromatin. Each nucleosome is composed of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins (two copies of four types of histones H3, H4, H2A, H2B). These core histones are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms in terms of sequence and structure. Therefore, DNA-packaging into nucleosomes is considered a constraint for the evolution of core histones. Moreover, the presence of conserved core histones in eukaryotic kingdoms (e.g., yeast, plant, and animal kingdoms) is strong evidence that histone-mediated DNA packaging was presumably present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotic genomes.

Answer:

Decrease the effectiveness of this process.

Explanation:

Resistance emerges is an essential part of this process because this resistance causes decrease in the effectiveness of the drugs. If this resistance is not a part of this process, the microbes get resistance from the drugs which  leads to lower the effectiveness of antimicrobial disease or infection so that's why resistance is considered as the essential part of this process of project.

Answer:

Due to dormancy.

Explanation:

Plants have an advantage in surviving mass extinction because Plant seeds can remain dormant for many years in the soil without damaging and comes out from the soil when the conditions of the external environment become suitable. Plants can remain in dormant condition for a large period of time while on the other hand, animals have no such type of advantage so that's why plants survive mass extinction.

Summary of four postulates of the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics:

1. Living organisms or their component parts tend to increase in size.

2. Production of new organ is resulted from a new need.

3. Continued use of an organ makes it more developed, while disuse of an organ results in degeneration.

4. Acquired characters (or modifications) developed by individuals during their own lifetime are inheritable and accumulate over a period of time resulting a new species.

Explanation:

1. New needs:

Every living organism is found in some kind of environment. The changes in the environmental factors like light, temperature, medium, food, air etc. or migration of animal lead to the origin of new needs in the living organisms, especially animals. To fulfill these new needs, the living organisms have to exert special efforts like the changes in habits or behaviour.

2. Use and disuse of organs:

The new habits involve the greater use of certain organs to meet new needs, and the disuse or lesser use of certain other organs which are of no use in new conditions. This use and disuse of organs greatly affect the form, structure and functioning of the organs.

Continuous and extra use of organs make them more efficient while the continued disuse of some other organs lead to their degeneration and ultimate disappearance. So, Lamarckism is also called “Theory of use and disuse of organs.”

So the organism acquires certain new characters due to direct or indirect environmental effects during its own life span and are called Acquired or adaptive characters.

3. Inheritance of acquired characters:

Lamarck believed that acquired characters are inheritable and are transmitted to the offsprings so that these are born fit to face the changed environmental conditions and the chances of their survival are increased.

4. Speciation:

Lamarck believed that in every generation, new characters are acquired and transmitted to next generation, so that new characters accumulate generation after generation. After a number of generations, a new species is formed.

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

Answer:

Australia

Explanation:

Fossils are preserved remains (or mouldings) of ancient living things which are preserved in sedimentary rocks. Primate fossils are generally found along with other fossils, usually in ancient soils that contain information on the conditions under which they were formed. Primate fossils are generally found in tropical and subtropical regions (which represent the natural habitat in which these species live). Primates never lived in Australia, and therefore no fossil primates from this geographic area have been found.

Answer: Bacteria gain resistance to drugs because of mutations (permanent and random changes to their DNA) which means they have changed DNA coding, giving them the ability to resist the drug fighting them off. As a result, they survive and reproduce. Over time, more and more bacteria are generated as the DNA code for resistance is passed on over generations. This results in bacteria having the ability to resist drugs. This is particularly prevalent with antibiotics.

Bacteria develop drug resistance through genetic mutations, acquisition of resistance genes, production of inactivating enzymes, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation.

Bacteria can develop resistance to drugs through several mechanisms. One common way is through genetic mutations or acquisition of resistance genes. Mutations can occur in the bacterial DNA, leading to changes in the target site of the drug, rendering it ineffective. Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, allowing the recipient bacteria to acquire resistance traits.

Another mechanism is the production of enzymes that can inactivate the drug. Bacteria can produce enzymes, such as beta-lactamases, that break down antibiotics like penicillin, preventing them from functioning properly. Bacteria can develop efflux pumps that actively pump out drugs from their cells, reducing their concentration and effectiveness. This mechanism helps bacteria evade the lethal effects of antibiotics. Biofilm formation provides a protective environment for bacteria, making them less susceptible to drugs and immune system attacks.

To learn more about Bacteria follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/15490180

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The correct question is:

How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs?

Answer:

Central banks control and manipulate the national money supply: issuing currency and setting interest rates on loans and bonds.

Explanation:

To ensure a nation's economy remains healthy, its central bank regulates the amount of money in circulation. Influencing interest rates, printing money, and setting bank reserve requirements are all tools central banks use to control the money supply.

Answer:

1. Connects the larynx to the main bronchi k. trachea

2. Includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes b. bronchiole

3. Food passageway posterior to the trachea. e. esophagus

4. Covers the glottis during swallowing of food d. epiglottis

5. Contains the vocal cords g. larynx

6. Indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit f. hilum

7. Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax j. parietal pleura

8. Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood a. alveolus

9. Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. i. pharyngotympanic tube

10. Pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung l. visceral pleura

11. Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity c. conchae

12. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity h. palate

Explanation:

1. The trachea is between the main bronchi and the larynx. It has semicircular rings of cartilage. The function of this organ is to conduct the air from the larynx to the primary/main bronchi.

2. After the primary (main), secondary, and tertiary bronchi, the terminal and the respiratory bronchioles come. They also conduct the air towards the alveoli so that the oxygen can enter the blood. The diameter of the bronchi terminal is smaller than the bronchi, and the diameter of the respiratory bronchi is smaller than the previous ones.

3 and 4. The esophagus is not part of the respiratory system. It is a tube that belongs to the digestive system since food has to pass through it to go to the stomach. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea, and the epiglottis closes the entrance to the larynx when we swallow to stop food from going to the lungs.

5. The vocal folds are in the larynx. This one is between the trachea and the pharynx. There are two types of vocal folds, the true and the false vocal folds. Both of them vibrate when air passes through them, allowing us to speak and make different tones.

6. The hilum is the lungs section where the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein enter the lung. It is an indention that is in the middle part of the lungs.

7 and 10. The pleura has two sides, the parietal one and the visceral one. The first one is in contact with the lungs and the second one with the thorax's walls. Between them, there is a space called the pleural cavity. The cavity has fluid that allows the movement of the two pleurae. As a result, the lungs can move and fill with air.

8. After the respiratory bronchioles, we have the alveolar duct. The alveolar ducts lead to alveolar sacs. The alveolar sacs has the alveolus. They are thin walls that are in contact with capillaries. When the air is there, the oxygen passes through the thin walls. Then it goes through the capillaries' walls and into the blood.

9. The pharyngotympanic tube is also known as the Eustachian tube. It connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. Its function is to regulate the pressure in the ear.

11. The conchae are in the nasal cavity. They are three projections in the nasal cavity, the inferior one, the middle one, and the superior. Their function is to increase the surface of the nasal cavity so that more air can enter with every inspiration. As they are projections, they modify the laminar airflow producing a turbulent flow.

12. The palate is between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. It has two parts, the soft palate, and the hard palate. The palate helps in the production of certain sounds and divides the nasal cavity from the mouth.

Answer:

whats the question then?

Explanation:

Answer:

The bag will get smaller

Explanation:

Osmosis can be defined as the process of diffusion or movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration of water (i.e., lower concentration solution) to a lower concentration of water. For example, in cells, there are specialized pores called 'aquaporins' which are membrane proteins that form channels to transport water molecules by facilitated diffusion. In this case, the outside of the bag has a higher salt concentration than inside, thereby water molecules will move by facilitated diffusion through pores from inside to outside the bag.

Answer:

according to shape, size, and their relationship to surrounding layers of rock

Explanation:

Intrusive igneous features are those formations around the igneous rock that are developed over time when magma cools and forms a solid shape, and they may include stocks, sills, di.kes, etc.

Therefore, scientists classify intrusive igneous features according to shape, size, and their relationship to surrounding layers of rock.

Answer:

The correct answer is - B. Ocean deoxygenation.

Explanation:

Eutrophication is the process in which a water body gets excessively rich in nutrients that leads to the algal growth or plankton growth in this region and covers the complete surface or most of the water body.

Due to this algal and plankton growth, there is a significant decrease in the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in water bodies that result in the incapability of supporting the lives found in it. The primary and main reason for this deoxygenation is eutrophication. Ocean deoxygenation is the reduction of the oxygen concentration of the oceans.

Answer:

Enzymes can be defined as biological polymers that catalyze biochemical reactions.”

Majority of enzymes are proteins with catalytic capabilities crucial to perform different processes. Metabolic processes and other chemical reactions in the cell are carried out by a set of enzymes that are necessary to sustain life.  

The initial stage of metabolic process depends upon the enzymes, which react with a molecule and is called the substrate. Enzymes convert the substrates into other distinct molecules and are called the products.  

The regulation of enzymes has been a key element in clinical diagnosis because of their role in maintaining life processes. The macromolecular components of all enzymes consist of protein, except in the class of RNA catalysts called ribozymes. The word ribozyme is derived from the ribonucleic acid enzyme. Many ribozymes are molecules of ribonucleic acid, which catalyze reactions in one of their own bonds or among other RNAs.

Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Catalysis of all reactions taking place in metabolic pathways are carried out by intracellular enzymes. The enzymes in plasma membrane govern the catalysis in the cells as a response to cellular signals and enzymes in the circulatory system regulate clotting of blood. Most of the critical life processes are established on the functions of enzymes.

Enzyme Structure

Enzymes are a linear chain of amino acids, which give rise to a three-dimensional structure. The sequence of amino acids specifies the structure, which in turn identifies the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Upon heating, enzyme’s structure denatures, resulting in a loss of enzyme activity, that typically is associated with temperature.  

Compared to its substrates, enzymes are typically large with varying sizes, ranging from 62 amino acid residues to an average of 2500 residues found in fatty acid synthase. Only a small section of the structure is involved in catalysis and is situated next to the binding sites. The catalytic site and binding site together constitute the enzyme’s active site. A small number of ribozymes exist which serve as an RNA-based biological catalyst. It reacts in complex with proteins.

Explanation:

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Explanation: