Sort each characteristic according to whether it describes acids, bases, or both.
react with metals
Acids
Both
react with nonmetals
taste sour
can cause burns
conduct electricity
taste bitter
Bases

Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.

Total energy:

The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.

Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.

Potential Energy:

In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.

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The rate of effusion of substance A is 3 times the rate of effusion of substance B, and molar mass of A is 4g/mol, then molar mass of B is 36g/mol.

Graham Law:

The rate of effusion of a gaseous substance is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This is called Graham's Law

R = k/√M

where k is constant and m is molar mass of the substance.

rate of effusion of substance A is 3 times the rate of effusion of substance B.

molar mass of substance A is 4.00g/mol

Ra = 3Rb

Ra/Rb = √Mb/√Ma

3Rb/Rb = √Mb/√4

3 = √Mb/2

√Mb = 6

Mb = 36

so, molar mass of substance B is 36g/mol.

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The amount of HCn that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring  the density of air at is 0.00118 is 14.4 g of the HCN.

The volume of the air present in laboratory room is as :

volume of laboratory room = length × breadth × height

                                             = 12 × 15 × 8 ft³

                                              = 1440 ft³ = 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

The mass of  air = density of air × volume of the laboratory room

                          = 0.00118 g /cm³ × 4.08 × 10⁷ cm³

                         = 48210.7 g = 48.21 kg

a) The lethal dose of HCN in the 1kg of the air = 300 × 10⁻³ g of HCN

therefore , for 48.21 kg =  300 × 10⁻³ × 48.21

                                       = 14.4 g

b) 2 moles of the HCN form the 2 moles of NaCN

molar mass of NaCN = 49 g/mol

molar mass of HCN = 27 g/mol

54 g of HCN will form 98 g of NaCN

14.4 g of HCN is consider as the lethal dose

theferfore , mass of NaCN give the lethal dose = (98 / 54 ) 14.4

                                                                               = 26.22 g

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Answer:due to unequal heating

Explanation:

A solid with atoms a, b, and c arranged in a cubic lattice has the simplest formula possible: abc3.

Given that the unit cell's an atoms occupy two of its corners and one of its body centres, the b atoms occupy two corners, and the c atoms occupy four of its corners and two of its faces

There are eight corners, and each one has an atom in it.

Atomic number of a = 8 * 1/8 = 1

The centre b atom is the lone atom. So b = 1

Each of the six faces holds a c atom.

6 x 1/2 = 3 c atoms are present.

So when we combine them, we get the solid as abc3 formula.

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In order to precipitate the calcium ions as calcium oxalate, a 2.00g sample of limestone was first dissolved in hydrochloric acid until all of the calcium was transformed to Ca²⁺ (aq). This was followed by the addition of excess ammonium oxalate solution, (NH₄)₂C₂O₄(aq). Filtered, dried, and weighed to a consistent mass of 2.43g. The percentage by mass of calcium in the limestone sample is 31.25%

The percentage by mass of calcium in the limestone can be calculate as follows:

Mass of precipitate that is calcium oxalate = 2.43 g

Moles of calcium oxalate = 2.00g /128 g/mol = 0.015625 moles

One mole of calcium atoms make up one mole of calcium oxalate.

so, 0.015625 moles calcium oxalate equal to 0.015625 moles calcium atoms

Mass of  0.015625 moles of calcium :

0.015625 mol × 40 g/mol = 0.625 g

Mass of sample of limestone = 2 g

Percentage of calcium in limestone:

(0.625 g/2 g) x 100 = 31.25%

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The given statement about radii is false and the correct statement is only radii of cation are always smaller than radii of corresponding atoms of same elements.

Radii of anions are greater than its parent atoms due to the following reasons:  1. Size of anion is always greater than its parent atom because anions are formed due to gain of electrons. When electrons increases there are still same number of protons. The attractive force is thus reduced as there are same number of protons attraction increased number of electrons. This causes the electrons to not be bound as tightly to the nucleus resulting in an increase in size. 2. Size of cation is always smaller than its parent atom  because as a particular atom looses electron, no of proton become more than no of electron and attraction forces increases. So radius decreases.

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Answer: The hybridization that is involved in SF4 is sp3d type. Here will learn and understand how to determine SF4 hybridization. We will discuss the steps in detail.

Name of the Molecule Sulphur Tetrafluoride

Molecular Formula = SF4

Hybridization Type = sp3d

Bond Angle = 102o and 173o

Geometry = see-saw

Explanation:

In order to determine the hybridization of sulphur tetrafluoride, you have to first understand its Lewis structure and the number of valence electrons that are present. The SF4 molecule consists of a total of 34 valence electrons. Here 6 will come from sulphur and each of the four fluorine atoms will have 7 electrons.

During the formation of SF4, the sulphur atom will form bonds with each of the fluorine atoms where 8 valence electrons are used. Meanwhile, the four fluorine atoms will have 3 lone pairs of electrons in their octet which will further utilize 24 valence electrons. In addition, two electrons will be kept as lone pairs in the sulphur atom. Now we can determine sulphur’s hybridization by taking a count of the number of regions of electron density.

When bonding takes place there is a formation of 4 single bonds in sulphur and it has 1 lone pair. Looking at this, we can say that the number of regions of electron density is 5.

EXTERNAL LINKS :

https://www.chemtube3d.com/vseprshapesf4/

https://geometryofmolecules.com/sf4-lewis-structure-polarity/

The amount of water needed to be added to prepare the solution would be 0.94 liters.

When diluting solutions, the number of moles of solutes before dilution must be equal to the number of solutes after dilution. The only thing that changes are the volume and concentration.

Thus, the equation of dilution is:

[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]

Where

In this case:

[tex]m_1[/tex] = 5 M, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 0.3 M, and [tex]v_2[/tex] = 1000 mL

Substituting:

5[tex]v_1[/tex] = 0.3 x 1000

    [tex]v_1[/tex] = 300/5

        = 60 mL

This means that the volume of the stock solution to be taken is 60 mL. The amount of water to be added would then be:

1000 - 60 = 940 mL

940 mL = 0.94 L

In other words, the amount of water needed to be added to prepare 1000 mL of 0.3M NaCl from a 5 M NaCl stock solution is 0.94 L.

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The concentrations of all species present in a 0.29 m solution of ethylammonium chloride  is 0.00000223

pKa for C2H5NH3+ = 10.7

pKw = 14.0

pKa + pKb = pKw

10.7 + pKb = 14.0

pKb = 14.0 - 10.7

pKb = 3.30

C2H5NH3Cl is a salt of ethylamine and HCl so it will dissolve in water to produce  C2H5NH3^+ + Cl^-

The base hydrolysis reaction:  C2H5NH3^+(aq) + H2O(l) <=> C2H5NH2(aq) + H3O^+(aq)

This reaction is described by Kb.

Kb = [C2H5NH2][H3O^+]/[C2H5NH3^+]

Let [C2H5NH2] = [H3O^+] = x,

so [C2H5NH3^+] = 0.29 - x

Kb = x^2/(0.29 - x) = 2.00 x 10^-11  

Let's solve for x. In this equation,  It is possible to solve without the use quadratic equation. So we can assume that 0.29 - x  is approximately equal to 0.29.  We won't know until we do the calculation.

We get:  x^2 + 2.00 x 10^-11x - 4.99 x 10^-12 = 0

With the use of a quadratic calculator.

x = 2.23 x 10^-6 M = [C2H5NH2] = [H3O^+]

0.29- x  is just 0.26 M in this problem because 2.23 x 10^-6 M is insignificant.

[C2H5NH3^+] = 0.29 M = [Cl^-]

NOTE:

pH = -log [H3O^+] = -log(2.23 x 10^-6) = 5.65

Ka is the acid dissociation constant

Kb is the base dissociation constant

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Explanation:

Fermentation: When yeast is added to the dough, it begins to ferment the sugars present in the dough, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide helps to leaven the dough, while the ethanol is mostly evaporated during baking.

Maillard reaction: During baking, the heat causes a reaction between the amino acids and sugars in the dough, producing a wide range of compounds that give bread its characteristic flavor and aroma. This reaction is known as the Maillard reaction.

Protein denaturation: The heat of baking causes the proteins in the dough to denature, or lose their native conformation. This helps to give bread its texture and structure, and also contributes to the development of its crust.

Cations are  formed when neutral atoms lose electrons from the valence shell of an atom.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

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Compared to the atomic arrangement of atoms in diamond, the atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material were option B: spread apart, chaotic, and spongy.

The atomic arrangement of atoms in the ultra-light material described in the question is likely to be different from that of diamond. Diamond is a very hard and rigid material, with a highly ordered and crystalline atomic structure.

In contrast, the ultra-light material is described as being "spread apart, chaotic, and spongy," which suggests that its atomic arrangement is much less organized and more disordered than that of diamond.

Therefore, based on the above, this may be due to the use of a different type of bonding between atoms, or a different arrangement of atoms within the material, which results in a less rigid and more flexible structure.

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As an intermediate precautionary measure, I should isolate the leak area in all directions for 50 metres(150 feet).

These manuals advise a 150-foot initial isolation in all directions. Responders should always strive to position themselves uphill, upwind, and upstream of the incident when responding to a scene involving hazardous materials.

Small spills (less than 52.83 gallons, or 200 litres): 100 feet in all directions should be isolated first (30 m). then during the day, safeguard those who are downwind: 0.2 mi (0.2 km). then throughout the night, safeguard those who are downwind: 0.8 mi (1.2 km).

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The mass of HCl dissolved in 500 ml water of HCl solution is equal to 9.78 g.

A neutralization reaction can be defined as a reaction in which an acid and base react to produce salt and water.

When HCl reacts with NaOH, the resulting salt is sodium chloride and water.

HCl    +    NaOH   →   NaCl   + H₂O

Given, the volume of NaOH solution = 20 ml

The concentration of NaOH = 0.67 M

The number of moles of NaOH = (20 /1000) ×0.67 = 0.0134

The number of moles of HCl = 0.0134 mol

The volume of HCl taken = 25 ml = 0.025 L

The concentration of HCl solution = 0.0134/0.025 = 0.536 M

The volume of HCl solution = 500 ml

The number of moles of HCl = 0.536 × 0.5 = 0.268 mol

The mass of HCl = 0.268 × 36.5 = 9.78 g

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an ideal gas is brought through an isothermal compression process. If 1842 J is released by the gas during this process, the temperature of the gas is 134.27 K

Isothermal compression is the thermodynamic method of decreasing volume or increasing pressure when the system temperature remains constant. Thermal equilibrium is maintained throughout the process.

When a gas is compressed isothermally, work is carried out on the system to reduce volume and increase pressure. Working on the gas increases its internal energy and tends to raise its temperature. To keep the temperature constant, energy must escape the system as heat and enter the environment.

According to the question, this is the case of isothermal reversible compression of gas.

As per the first law of thermodynamics,

where,

ΔU = internal energy

q = heat

w = work done

As we know, the term internal energy depends on the temperature and the process is isothermal which means at a constant temperature.

Thus, at a constant temperature, the internal energy is equal to zero.

q = -w

Thus, w = -q = 1842 J

The expression used for work done will be,

W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi)

where,

w = work done = - 1842 J

n = number of moles of gas  = 5 mole

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mole K

T = temperature of gas  = ?

Vi = initial volume of gas

Vf = final volume of gas

Now put all the given values in the above formula, and we get the temperature of the gas.

- 1842J = 5 mole * 8.314J/mole K*T*ln (104.3 * 10−6 m3/224.2  * 10−6 m3)

T = 134.27

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The crash where the cone experience a stronger force is option D because: Crash 1: the force on the black hockey puck was stronger in this crash, so the force on the cone was also stronger.

The ball is drawn back to Earth by gravitational force. The ball returns to Earth as a result of friction. The ball is forced back toward Earth by magnetic force.

A puck's velocity changes when a player makes contact with it when it is still. He causes the puck to speed up, in other terms. The hockey stick's force, which causes the acceleration, is responsible. The velocity grows as long as this force is in motion.

Therefore, the force applied to an object must be larger than what is required for a progressive slowing down if the object must be slowed down quickly. For instance, a bicycle's brakes will slow or stop it more quickly the more force is given to it.

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See full question below

After hockey practice, Carissa and Keenan were playing a game where they were pushing some objects to get them to crash. They were using a cone and two different pucks—a black one with more mass for Crash 1 and a blue one with less mass for Crash 2. They want to know what happened to the cone.

Use the information from the diagram to answer.

In which crash did the cone experience a stronger force? How do you know?

answer choices

There was no force on the cone. In both crashes, only the hockey puck experienced a force.

The diagram doesn’t tell you anything about the force on the cone. It only gives information about the force on the pucks.

It was the same force in both crashes; the hockey puck changed speed by the same amount in each crash, so the force on the cone was the same each time.

Crash 1; the force on the black hockey puck was stronger in this crash, so the force on the cone was also stronger.

Melting and freezing refer to the changes in state which occur when the solid and liquid states interchange. Melting occurs when a solid is heated and turns to a liquid and freezing occurs when a liquid is cooled and turns to a solid.

Answer:

Melting and freezing both require energy, however melting involves the speeding up of molecules, and freezing involves slowing them down

Explanation:

The arrow that represents the change of state that has been described is L.

We know that there are three states of matter of matter and these are the solid, the liquid and the gas. We know that in the solid state, the particles that compose matter are all joined together and they are held in fixed positions and can not be able to slide past one another.

As such, we have been shown the diagram that shows the way that the energy is transferred between the states of matter in the image that is attached to this answer.

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Answer:

Its A

Explanation:

I got it right

If in 1 M acetic acid as the buffer solution to inhibit the pH change of an aqueous solution, if the strong acid is added to the buffer solution the pH decrease.

The buffer solution consist of both the acid and the base. the weak acid and the conjugate base or the weak base and the conjugate acid. if we added the strong acid then pH value of the solution will decreases, the expression is given as:

pH = pka + log [salt]/ [acid]

pH = 1 / [H⁺]

it is clear form the above equations that as the H⁺ ions concentration increases the pH value of the solution decreases. the pH value and the H⁺ ions concentration are inversely proportion to each other.

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The experimental set up in B is to observe the growth the green beans without the addition of fertilizer. Thus, we can compare the growth of the plant with and without fertilizer and thereby we can understand the effect the fertilizer on the plant growth.

Fertilizers are chemical substances used to nourish the plants by making the soil rich in nutrients and minerals. Plants needs minerals along with water such as potassium, calcium, phosphorous, nitrogen etc.

Sometimes the soil comes deficient of these minerals and we have to fertilize the soli by the addition of the chemicals containing these minerals. Hence, fertilizers provide a nutrient rich soil for plant growth.

The experimental set up with fertilizer added plant and the second one (B) without fertilizer helps to compare the growth in both conditions and we can clearly understand how fertilizers effect the growth of plants by comparing the plant growth in A and B.

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Answer:

More mass means more force is needed to achieve the same change in speed in the same amount of time. That force is transmitted from the road, to the tires, to the wheels, through the brakes, to the frame and rider.

The weight on a bicycle affects the force required to accelerate it as it increases inertia it will slow down its rate of acceleration.

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. These are vector quantities which have magnitude as well as direction.

The orientation of the acceleration of an object as given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object. It is expressed as:

[tex]\overline{a} = \frac{v - v_0}{t} = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\overline{a} = average acceleration\\v = final velocity\\v_0 = starting velocity\\t = elapsed time[/tex]

Acceleration is proportional to the force applied, so the greater the force, the greater the speed of the object in the direction of the force. Mass is inertia, which is the reluctance to accelerate, so for the same force, more massive objects experience smaller acceleration than less massive objects.

Thus, the weight on a bicycle affects the force required to accelerate it as it increases inertia it will slow down its rate of acceleration.

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The value of the density of wood that is 0.5g/cm³ in SI units would be  500  [tex]kg/m^3[/tex].

The SI unit is an acronym for the international system of units. It is a system that guides measurements generally in science. It consists of 7 base units:

Thus, for a density that is in g/cm³, the SI unit should be kg/m3.

0.5 g/cm³ = 0.5g/1 cm³

1 g = 0.0001 kg

0.5 g = 0.5/1000 = 0.0005 kg

1 cm³ = 1 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex] [tex]m^3[/tex]

Thus, 0.5 g/cm³ = 0.0005 kg/1 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex] [tex]m^3[/tex]

                            = 500  kg/m^3.

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Potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide react to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively. Option 2.

Potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide undergo a double decomposition reaction. They exchange radicals to produce potassium hydroxide and sodium fluoride respectively according to the following equation:  

[tex]KF + NaOH --- > KOH + NaF[/tex]

Potassium is able to displace sodium from sodium hydroxide because it is higher on the reactivity series of metals than sodium.

Thus, the product of the reaction of potassium fluoride and sodium hydroxide are [tex]KOH[/tex] and [tex]NaF[/tex].

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The number of way to select people from a total of a people is a! /b!·(a-b)!

plugging in 15 for A and 6 for B

P= 15! / 6!(15-6)!

P= 1307674368000 / 720·9!

P= 1307674368000 / 362880

P= 360360

By choosing some items from a set and creating subsets, permutation and combination are two approaches to represent a group of objects. It outlines the numerous configurations for a particular set of data. Permutations are the selection of data or objects from a set, whereas combinations are the order in which they are represented. Both ideas are critical to mathematics.

Here, the differences between permutation and combination are described in detail. Here, we'll talk about both subjects with formulas, examples from everyday life, and questions that have been answered. Students can also work on the Permutation and Combination Worksheet to improve their understanding of this subject and learn shortcuts for answering additional questions.

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Answer: A balanced nuclear equation for the fusion of helium-4 to form carbon-12 would be:

He-4 + He-4 -> C-12 + energy

In this equation, two helium-4 atoms fuse to form a single carbon-12 atom and release energy. This process would occur in the core of the Sun once it has exhausted its supply of hydrogen and begins to fuse helium-4.

The description which explains how pollen is received is that the stigma at the top of the pistil receives pollen and is therefore denoted as option B.

This is a powdery substance produced by seed plants and it consists of one or more vegetative cells and a reproductive cell. It is involved in the production of the male gametes in plants which makes it an importgant component in the ecosystem.

During pollination by different types of agents such as birds, wind etc the pollen are dispersed in various directions in which some get to the stigma at the top of the pistil which is the female reproductive part of the plant.

This therefore leads to fertilization and a fruit is formed as a result which is therefore the reason why option B was chosen as the correct answer.

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Magnesium and calcium are 2nd group elements with 2 valence electrons. They are metals in room temperature and easily lose these electrons to nonmetals such as oxygen.

Magnesium is 12th element in periodic table. It is 2nd group element and is a called alkaline earth metals. Its group members are calcium, strontium, and barium.

They contains 2 valence electrons which can be easily lost to a non-metal. Oxygen is highly electronegative element and it contains 6 valence electrons and need two more electrons to achieve octet.

Al is 13th group element it is not as much electropositive as alkaline earth metals. It contains 3 valence electrons and thus it need to lose all these 3 electrons to achieve octet. Hence, Al is less reactive towards O2 in comparison with Mg and Ca.

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The amount, in moles, of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] would be 6 moles.

[tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made from magnesium and chlorine molecules according to the following equation:

[tex]MgCl_2 --- > Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^-[/tex]

From the above equation, 1 mole of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made up of 1 mole of Mg and 2 moles of Cl.

Following this established ratio, the amount of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of  [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows:

1 mole [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 moles of Cl

3 moles  [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 x 3/1

                           = 6 moles of Cl

In other words, 6 moles of Cl would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex].

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Answer:

Magnesium sulfide

Explanation: