Sickle cell anemia in the United States disproportionately affects African Americans; 1 in 700 African Americans are affected by sickle cell anemia, while only 1 in 160,000 Americans of European descent are affected. The absolute risk of a newborn African American child having sickle cell anemia is ____________%, and the relative risk compared to a newborn European American child is ____________-fold

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Answer 1

Answer:

0.0014; 0.0044

Explanation:

The absolute risk (AR) of a disease refers to the risk of developing the disease over a given time period. In this case, the absolute risk of the newborn African American child having sickle cell anemia is equal to 1 individual with the disease over 700 individuals >> AR = 1 / 700 = 0.0014. Moreover, the Relative Risk (RR) is calculated by comparing the likelihood of the absolute risk occurring between two distinct groups. In this case, the relative risk for the newborn African American having sickle cell anemia compared to a newborn European American child can be calculated by dividing the absolute risk of the newborn European American child with the measured absolute risk of the newborn African American child >> RR = 0.0000625 / 0.0014  = 0.0044.


Related Questions

Dark skin ( a result of increased melanin production in equatorial populations), is likely a response to ultraviolet radiation because UV radiation causes:

Answers

Answer: Skin cancer

Explanation:

Melanin is a pigment derived from an amino called acid tyrosine. The most common form of melanin is called eumelanin, which is a polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids and their reduced forms. When a person is exposed to the ultraviolet light (UV) from the sun, the melanocytes will produce eumelanin to prevent the skin from burning and damage to the cell nuclei (where DNA is found) of the epidermis. This melanin production causes the skin to darken. The eumelanin in the skin then acts as a natural sunscreen by blocking the damaging effects of sunlight. So, skin darkens when exposed UV light, thus providing greater protection when needed by producing more eumelanin, but it also becomes more likely to develop melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. This is because UV rays damage the DNA of skin cells. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that has the instructios to the growth and functioning of an organisms). Skin cancers begin when eumelanin protection is not sufficient and this damage affects the DNA of the genes that control the growth of skin cells. This results in a tumor, which is the uncontrolled growth of cells (in this case, skin cells) because there will be a mutation in DNA that affects the function of the cells.

How is it possible for mad made things to move?

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How is it possible for mad made things to move?Answer: Because the human body is designed to use their muscles to create and transfer things from place to place, and that some man-made objects are light enough to be moved

dialogue between two friends planning a road trip

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What's your question

protid không phải là thành phần của

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I don’t understand this question

Regarding the "East Side Story" hypothesis, what would paleoanthropologists need to show that it was false?

Answers

Answer:

Evidence of fossil apes and hominids in both East and West of the great rift valley

Explanation:

The East Side Story hypothesis opined that a tectonic plate movement created a seismic split in the earth, thus deepened the rift valley and created a geographical barrier between the east and the west of the great rift valley. The barrier created a kind of geographical isolation between the ancestors of hominids, dividing them into two with each population taking different evolutionary paths.

Thereafter, the ancestors in the western side of the rift valley evolved into the chimpanzee's family while those in the eastern side ultimately evolved into humans.

Thus, providing the fossils of apes and that of hominids in both East and West sides of the great rift valley will render the hypothesis invalid.

How are the workings of receptor in human body related to the sensors in a car listed below?
A. Light:
B. Touch:
C: Sound:
D: Speed:

Answers

B is the correct answer for the question.

An example of a pressure vessel is

Answers

Answer:

A closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially higher or lower than the ambient pressure

HELP ASAP!!!! 50 points!!
In this task, you’ll record the direction of a compass as it’s placed at different points around a magnet. The investigation will try to answer the question, Do two magnets create magnetic force fields that allow them to interact without touching?
Part D :
How might someone dispute the results of this investigation? How might you counter the argument?

Answers

Answer:

It could be argued that there is a separate force acting upon the investigation. Or that the room is invalidating the results for some reason. Or that an error was made in measurement.

There are a thousand and one ways to try to dispute an investigation like this. However, for every argument that can oppose it, a counterargument can easily be made.

For instance, controlling the variables invalidates about 90% of any possible claims to the contrary. The majority of arguments would stem from the fact that it is nearly impossible to completely prove something in fear of external factors. The solution? Control the external factors.

So, in conclusion, a person could dispute the results of the investigation by claiming that something invisible like magnetics could not possibly be proven to exist, because there are all sorts of things that could be influencing the investigation. The way to counter the argument would be to prove yourself that the environment is controlled, and that nothing could be influencing the investigation.

Answer:

guy ontop is correct

Explanation:

If 23 molecules of glucose are catabolized, how many molecules of ATP are produced (via substrate level phosphorylation) by the TCA cycle? How many FADH2 molecules and NADH molecules are produced by the cycle?​

Answers

Answer:

A

If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (1).

B

If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (2)

C

If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3)

D

If both Assertion and Reason are false statements, then mark (4)

Explanation:Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of metabolic reaction that results in the formation of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) of Guanosine Triphosphat (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) of Guanosine Diposphate (GDP) from a phosphorylated reactive intermediate.

In glycolysis substrate level phosphorylation occurs in following two reactions

(i) 2molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid react with 2 molecules of ADP to from 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid and 2 molecules of ATP.

1,3−diphosphoglyceric2 mol eculesacid+2ADP−→−−−−−−−−phosphotransferaseMg2+2−phosphoglyceric2mol eculesacid+2ATP

(ii) 2 mol ecules of phosphoenolpyruvic acid reacts with 2 mol ecules of ADP to from 2 mol ecules of pyruvic acid and 2ATP.

1−phosphoenolpyruvic acid2mol ecules2ADP−→−−−−−−Pyruvic kinaseMg2+Pyruvic acid2mol ecuels+2ATP

in order for polar compounds to enter into the hydrophobic space of phospholipid tails, it would need to break the many ___ bonds

Answers

Answer:

In order for polar compounds to enter into the hydrophobic space of phospholipid tails, it would need to break the many hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

In the presence of water, the hydrophobic tails tend to interact with each other, creating a hydrophobic space from which water is excluded and in which other hydrophobic molecules can be trapped, while the polar head interacts with water, and is solvated, preserving the hydrophobic part from all contact with water. For a hydrogen bridge to form, a molecule that has hydrogen attached to an atom of high electronegativity and another molecule that has another electronegative atom with high electron density (that is, a negative partial charge) is required. Water molecules in the bulk of the body of water maintain multiple interactions with other molecules through an extensive network of hydrogen bridges, so for polar compounds to enter, it would be necessary to break many of these bonds.

Which of the following is a risk associated with making our lifestyle more convenient?
Increased use of technology
O Decrease in environmental hazards
Increased use of science
Increased pollution in the air, water, soil

Answers

Answer:

Increased pollution in the air, water, soil.

which structures are found in typical prokaryotic cells and also in typical plant cells
a) cell walls
b) histones
c) telomeres
d) tonoplasts​

Answers

Answer:

a. cell wall

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What are three structural differences between animal and plant cells

Answers

All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of a living organism and where all life processes are carried out.

Animal cells and plant cells share the common components of a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and a cell membrane.

Plant cells have three extra components, a vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall.

Explain how animals may have influenced the evolution of terrestrial plants and vice versa​

Answers

Answer:

Microsporangium give microspores by meiosis.

Microsporangium give microspores by meiosis each microspores forms a pollen grain Pollen wall is secreted by surrounding sporophytes tissue Enclosed male gametophyte produces sperm by mitosis.

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how do humans impact the biodiversity of ecosystems

Answers

Answer:

Humans affect biodiversity by their population numbers, use of land, and their lifestyles, causing damage to habitats for species. Through proper education, and by demanding that governments make decisions to preserve biodiversity, the human population will be able to sustain life on earth longer.

Explanation:

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Human population levels, land usage, and lifestyles all have an impact on biodiversity, causing damage to species' habitats. The human population will be able to maintain life on Earth for longer if adequate knowledge is provided and governments are forced to make decisions that protect biodiversity.

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What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt x BbTt will have black fur and long tails?

A) 0/16

B) 1/16

C) 3/16

D) 9/16

E) 16/16

Answers

Answer:

plzzzz upload a full picture

How do you explain Meiosis?

Answers

Answer:

Chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad.

In most unsaturated fatty acids found in animal fats, vegetable oils, and biological membranes, the cis isomer predominates. true false

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - true.

Explanation:

Most unsaturated fats are oils and normally are biological membranes or plant-based such as vegetables. These fats mostly have cis isomer in them. Unsaturated fats help to lower blood cholesterol levels.

However, few oils show saturated fats but these are few in number, the majority are made up of unsaturated fats that have double bonds.

what is the total number of bones in the skeleton system​

Answers

Answer:

Bones provide the structure for our bodies. The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.

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What must happen before meiosis can begin ?

Answers

prior to undergoing meiosis, a cell goes through an interphase period in which it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and checks all of its systems to ensure that it is ready to divide. Like mitosis, meiosis also has distinct stages called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

At a birthday party, a teen decides to inhale some of the helium from a nearby balloon using his mouth. Before the helium gas reaches his right and left lungs, through which order of structures will it flow?
A. Oral cavity to the oropharynx to the trachea to the right and left main bronchi.
B. Oral cavity to the trachea to the trachea to the nasopharynx to the right and left main bronchi.
C. Oral cavity to the right and left main bronchi to the trachea to the oropharynx.
D. Oral cavity to the trachea to the larynx to the right and left main bronchi.
E. Oral cavity to the nasopharynx to the trachea to the right and left main bronchi.

Answers

Answer:

D. Oral cavity to the trachea to the larynx to the right and left main bronchi.

Explanation:

The respiratory system may be a system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.

What is the process of respiration?

We have a pair of external nostrils opening out above the upper lips. It results in a nasal chamber through the nasal passage. The nasal chamber opens into the pharynx, some of which are the common passage for food and air. The pharynx opens through the larynx region into the trachea.Trachea is a straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the extent of the 5th thoracic vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi. Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a variety of very thin, irregular-walled, and vascularized bag-like structures called alveoli. The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli comprise the lung.

Thus, we can conclude that the correct option is (e).

The oral cavity to the nasopharynx to the trachea to the right and left main bronchi.

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Chordates have a chord in the back for support. In animals with vertebrates, the
chord itself becomes the

Answers

Answer:

1

Explanation:

Which of the following is correctly defined?

A. Ecosystem - A group of conspecific organisms.

B. Population - An individual life form.

C. Community - A group of populations.

D. Population - A group of communities.
I need help!!1

Answers

Answer:

both b and c I think..........

Population - An individual life form. and Community - A group of populations.

What is population?

A population is the entire set of people in a group, whether that group is a country or a collection of people who share a certain trait.

A population is the group of people from which a statistical sample is taken in statistics. Therefore, a population is any collection of people who have something in common.

A statistically significant portion of a population, rather than the full population, may also be referred to as a sample. For this reason, the standard deviation, or standard error, of a statistical study of a sample from the full population must be disclosed.

Therefore, Population - An individual life form. and Community - A group of populations.

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Which definition best describes an acid?

Answers

I know It is c hope is helps!

Explanation:

An acid is any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis)

If the entire mRNA sequence for a polypeptide was AUGUACUCGCGACCGUAA, how many amino acids does the polypeptide have

Answers

Answer:

5 amino acids

Explanation:

The process of translation involves synthesizing a sequence of amino acids from a mRNA template. The mRNA molecule is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODONS. A codon specifies or codes for an amino acid.

In the question, a mRNA sequence was given as follows: AUGUACUCGCGACCGUAA. From this sequence comprising of 6 codons, 5 possible amino acids will be contained in the polypeptide encoded by this mRNA molecule as the last codon (UAA) is a STOP codon. The following are the codons in the mRNA sequence and their respective amino acids:

*AUG- methionine (met)

*UAC - tyrosine (Tyr)

*UCG - Serine (Ser)

*CGA - Arginine (Arg)

*CCG - Proline (Pro)

*UAA - Stop

A cell membrane has permeability, which means that the membrane?

Answers

Cell membranes serve as barriers and gatekeepers. They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot.
Cell membranes serve as barriers and gatekeepers. They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot. ... On the other hand, cell membranes restrict diffusion of highly charged molecules, such as ions, and large molecules, such as sugars and amino acids.

What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?

a. Growth hormone directly stimulates osteoblasts in the periosteum to promote appositional growth.
b. Growth hormone increases the rate of mitosis in the epiphyseal plate of growing bones.
c. Growth hormone promotes the closure of the epiphyseal plate.
d. Growth hormone increases the activity of osteogenic cells.​

Answers

C. Growth hormone promotes the closure of the epiphyseal plate.

The closure of the epiphyseal plate is NOT an effect of growth hormone (option c).

The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage between the epiphyses and metaphyses at the ends of long bones.

The epiphyseal plate is completely closed when bone growth is completed (around age 18 to 21 years).

Different hormones (i.e., testosterone and estrogen) released at puberty initiate the closure of epiphyseal plates.

In conclusion, the closure of the epiphyseal plate is NOT an effect of growth hormone (option c).

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g If the sequence of bases in the DNA coding strand were CCG AGT, the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain would be _

Answers

Answer:

GGCUCA

Explanation:

What trait are narcissists likely to have that is associated with leader emergence but not effectiveness

Answers

Answer:

Agreeableness.

Explanation:

Agreeableness is the trait that narcissists likely to have which is negatively corelated and is associated with leader emergence but not effectiveness. The tendency toward self-interest would attract the person into follow his or her own goals rather than the interests of their group or company. The term Narcissism originated from Greek mythology, where a young man whose name is Narcissus fell in love with his own image reflected in a pool of water so that's why selfness and self interests refers to Narcissism.

which statement correctly describes cell differentiation

Answers

Answer:

"Causes cells to change as well as specialize" is the correct answer.

Explanation:

There are several differentiations throughout the establishment of a multicellular because that evolves from some kind of basic zygote to something like an interacting entity's structure and indeed the cellular functions that comprise a whole species.Cells get specialized to accomplish diverse roles throughout this mechanism or procedure.
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