A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins called histones which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation.
Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated (S phase), and both copies are joined by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. The joined copies are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation.
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Describe how living things are involved in the constant cycling of carbon.
Answer:
plants uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. plants use carbon to make carbohydrates and cellulose. animals then eat plants and carbon is passed down. Animals then respire and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Answer:
Plants uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Plants use carbon to make carbohydrates and cellulose. Animals then eat plants and carbon is passed down. Animals then respire and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
In rabbits, the genotype LL has normal legs, Ll results in deformed legs, and ll results in very short legs. The genotype BB produces black fur, Bb brown fur, and bb white fur. If a cross is made between black rabbits with deformed legs and white rabbits with deformed legs, what percentage of the offspring would be expected to have deformed legs and brown fur
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
In this case, it is imperative to know each genotype >>
1. Genotypes for leg trait
- LL: normal legs
- Ll: deformed legs
- ll: very short legs
2. Genotypes for fur trait
- BB: black fur
- Bb: brown fur
- bb: white fur
According to the data above, the parental cross is as follow:
BBLl X bbLl
The possible gametes for each parental genotype are as follow:
Parental 1 >> 1/2 BL; 1/2 Bl
Parental 2 >>1/2 bL; 1/2 bl
Punnett square to calculate the possible genotypes of offspring:
bL - bl
BL 1/4 BbLL - 1/4 BbLl
Bl 1/4 BbLl - 1/4 Bbll
In consequence, the expected proportion of offspring with deformed legs and brown fur (genotype BbLl) is 1/2, i.e., 50%.
Briefly describe about the formation and management of HCL through the respiratory and renal systems in digestive system.
Answer:
Explanation:
HCl is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. To begin with, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) combine within the parietal cell cytoplasm to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a bicarbonate ion (HCO3–).
The hydrogen ion that is formed is transported into the stomach lumen via the H+– K+ ATPase ion pump. This pump uses ATP as an energy source to exchange potassium ions into the parietal cells of the stomach with H+ ions.
The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer works in a fashion similar to phosphate buffers. The bicarbonate is regulated in the blood by sodium, as are the phosphate ions. When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), comes into contact with a strong acid, such as HCl, carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is a weak acid, and NaCl are formed. When carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base, such as NaOH, bicarbonate and water are formed.
The bicarbonate ion is transported out of the cell into the blood via a transporter protein called anion exchanger which transports the bicarbonate ion out the cell in exchange for a chloride ion (Cl–). This chloride ion is then transported into the stomach lumen via a chloride channel.The respiratory system contributes to the balance of acids and bases in the body by regulating the blood levels of carbonic acid
Chloride ions are important in neutralizing positive ion charges in the body. If chloride is lost, the body uses bicarbonate ions in place of the lost chloride ions. Thus, lost chloride results in an increased reabsorption of bicarbonate by the renal system.
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In the process of photosynthesis, _______ in autotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy and store this 'food' for later use. The reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + energy --> C6H12O6(s) + O2(g). In the process of ________, mitochondria in the cells of plants, animals and other multicellular organisms break down 'food' molecules to generate molecules of _______ . This is the source of energy for all cellular functions. The reaction for cellular respiration is: ________
ATP
chemosynthesis
chloroplasts
cellular respiration
NADPH and FADH2
C6H1206(s) + 02(g) -- CO2(g) + 6H20(I) + energy
Answer:
1. Chloroplast
2. cellular respiration
3. ATP
4. C6H1206(s) + 02(g) -- CO2(g) + 6H20(I) + energy
Explanation:
This question is describing the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis occurs in the CHLOROPLAST, which is responsible for the conversion of solar energy (from sun) into chemical energy (in glucose). The general photosynthetic reaction is:
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + energy → C6H12O6(s) + O2(g)
Contrarily, the process of cellular respiration occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA. Cellular respiration involves the breaking down of food molecules to synthesize ATP (energy) for use during biochemical reactions. The general chemical reaction is as follows:
C6H1206(s) + 02(g) → CO2(g) + 6H20(I) + energy
meaning of Dentology
affects of human activities on on the environment.
Answer:
Humans have a variety of effects on the physical environment, including overcrowding, pollution, the use of fossil fuels, and deforestation. Climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water have all been driven by such changes.
OAmalOHopeO
1. Identify the taxa labeled A, B, C, and
Din the chart.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer:
A.Species
B.Genus
C.Phylum
D.Kingdom
Why would you not be able to prove that an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima using the scientific method?
Answer:
You would not be able to prove that an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima using the scientific method Because it is a historical event. You would not be able to prove that an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima using the scientific method Because it is a historical event.
Which statement best describes lymph?
A.a clear fluid that carries proteins, water, white blood cells, fat, dead cells, and toxins that drain from the fluid between
the cells of the body
B.a clear fluid in the cells that helps to secrete and transport hormones from one region of the body to another
C.a thick, opaque, and yellowish fluid that is present when there is an infection in the body
D.a clear, liquid component of blood that contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and iron
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Lymph, lack proteins.
Answer:
I know its late, but for anyone else looking for the answer, its A: a clear fluid that carries proteins, water, white blood cells, fat, dead cells, and toxins that drain from the fluid between the cells of the body
Explanation:
I just took the test
Neurons are best described as:
Answer:
neutral?
Explanation:
the energy to turn raw materials into food is powered by _____ and occurs in the plants ____
Answer:
Photosynthesis, chloroplast
Explanation:
How do the frequencies of the waves compare?
Wave A has a higher frequency because it has a larger amplitude.
Wave A has a lower frequency because it has a longer wavelength.
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same wavelength.
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same amplitude.
Answer:
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same amplitude.
What is a disadvantage of using a space-filling model to show a chemical compound?
Answer:
Explanation:
The appropriate answer is 'space filling models do not identify the number and type of bonds'. A space filling model is one type of three dimensional (3D) molecular model used to represent molecules of different chemical compounds. The structure of this type of arrangement shows that, for example, two elements are bonded but it does not show if it is a single, double or triple bond.
How does environmental factors affect variation
Answer:
Environmental causes of variation
Characteristics of animal and plant species can be affected by factors such as:
climate
diet
accidents
culture
lifestyle
For example, you will become heavier if you eat too much food, and you will become lighter if you eat too little. A plant in the shade of a big tree will grow taller as it tries to reach more light.
Answer:
Many factors can contribute to growth variation across and among populations such as genetic factors, nutrition, environmental conditions, social conditions, and cultural conditions ,Internal and external environmental factors, like gender and temperature, influence gene expression. Similarly, drugs, chemicals, temperature, and light are among the external environmental factors that can determine which genes are turned on and off, there by influencing the way an organism develops and functions.
Please help me
will give the brainliest!
Answer:
à.)i plankton
ii tertiary consumer
Sorry I don't know iii
Explanation:
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A researcher is testing young children to see if they can learn to associate a red circle with an event that the child enjoys. She sets up an experiment where a toy bear dances. The infants predictably love the toy bear and stare at it when it makes noise and dances. She then trains the child by showing a big red circle on a screen in front of the child and, immediately after that, the bear appears and dances off to the side. The bear is only visible right after the red circle appears and the child must turn his or her head to see the bear.
In this study, the unconditioned stimulus is ____________ baby does not turn head baby turns head dancing bear red circle , the unconditioned response is the __________ dancing bear baby does not turn head red circle baby turns head , the conditioned stimulus is the _________ dancing bear baby turns head baby does not turn head red circle , and the conditioned response is the ______ baby does not turn head red circle dancing bear baby turns head . The neutral stimulus is the _______ baby turns head dancing bear red circle baby does not turn head and the response to the neutral stimulus is the 6 _______
Answer: unconditioned stimulus = dancing bear
unconditioned response = baby turns head
conditioned stimulus = red circle
conditioned response = baby turns head
neutral stimulus = red circle
response to neutral stimulus = baby does not turn head
Explanation:
The unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus that occurs naturally without any prior learning.
The unconditioned response refers to an unlearned response which happens naturally and which occurs due to the unconditioned stimulus.
The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that occurs due to prior learning and the conditioned response follows.
Based on the above definition, the answers to the questions will be:
• unconditioned stimulus = dancing bear
• unconditioned response = baby turns head
• conditioned stimulus = red circle
• conditioned response = baby turns head
• neutral stimulus = red circle
• response to neutral stimulus = baby does not turn head
1 Reproduction is an important characteristic of living organisms.Explain
Answer:
Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings, because -
- The existence of any species is dependent on the reproduction because no living being is immortal.
After death of a being of one generation,the existence of that died being is completed by the newborns of the next generation.
And,the birth of newborns of next generation is only possible by the reproduction.
- The variation and mutation in the biological characteristics is often necessary which is only possible by reproduction through many generations.
- When a living being becomes old, it's become unable to do normal tasks like collection of food, finding shelter etc,at that moment,the newborns of next generation do the necessary jobs.
And as mentioned before,these newborns are only possible due to reproduction.
list 8 possible limiting factors independent of population density
List the main principles of the cell theory.
What type of cells are simple animal and plant cells?
Answer:
both animals and plants are eukaryotic cells
Answer:
Animal cells have centrosomes (or a pair of centrioles), and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
Explantion
Animal cells
Animals are made up of millions of cells. Animal cells have an irregular structure and are made up of four key parts:
Nucleus – This contains genetic material (DNA), and controls the cell's activity.
Cell membrane – A flexible layer that surrounds the cell and controls the substances that enter and exit.
Cytoplasm – A jelly-like substance where the chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria – This is where energy is released from the food molecules
Plant cells
Plants are also made up of millions of cells. Plant cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria too, but they also contain the following structures:
Cell wall – A hard layer outside the cell membrane, containing cellulose to provide strength to the plant.
Vacuole – A space inside the cell that is used to store substances and help the cell keep its shape.
Chloroplasts – Structures that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which are a key part of photosynthesis.
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Explain the reciprocal relationship between human society and limiting factors
Answer:
humans try to modify environment factors to suit their needs. Limiting factors can be controlled in a specific area however, we can't control larger area. Like water or energy.
which group contain all polysaccharides ?
Answer:
Starch.
Glycogen.
dextran.
Inulin.
Cellulose.
Chitin.
Pectin.
Explanation:
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Help please asap help me
Answer: cells, chlorophyll, nucleus, chromosomes, organelles, interphase, endoplasmic
Which of the following are all part of the sun’s atmosphere?
A. Photosphere, aurora, corona
B. Chromosphere, aurora, photosphere
C. Photosphere, corona, chromosphere
D. Convective zone, photosphere, corona
1.List 3 substances that MUST pass through the cell membrane. Explain.
2. Hospital patients are usually given intravenous fluid(IVs) to maintain proper levels of Water/salt in the body. If a manufacturer accidentally prepared a batch of IV fluid that had distilled water, harm to the patient could result. Explain how an IV filled with distilled water could harm patients.
Explanation:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.
How many carbons are found in a glucose molecule?
Answer:
there are six carbon atoms
Answer:
there are six carbon atoms
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. Prior to this event, this species did not inhabit the island, but with the ample vegetation on the island and a lack of predators, the displaced individuals were able to survive and reproduce. When the butterflies initially arrived on the island, they did not have to compete for food or space. What type of population growth did they likely exhibit
Answer: Exponential
Explanation:
The main requirement for the population of a species to grow is food. When there is food, a organisms that are born will be able to live longer because food will be able to sustain them.
This is what happened with humans during the Neolithic Revolution when we began farming.
The general trend is that the more food that is available, the higher the population growth. When these butterflies arrived and found no competition for food, their population would increase in the highest way possible which is exponentially because there would be plenty of food to go around.
Answer:
Exponential growth
Explanation:
Without any competition for food or space, the butterfly species likely experienced exponential growth.
The lack of competition would have allowed the population to flourish, as they would have excess amounts of resources, food, space, and other limiting factors.
So, they most likely exhibited exponential growth.
what is the width of small intestine
Answer:
The small intestine is about 20 feet (6 meters) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is smaller in width.
I hope this will help you
Answer:
Approximately 2.5 centimetres wide.
Explanation:
That is, assuming it is a human's small intestine.
Why does climate change affect so many things?
Answer:
These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Global climate change has typically occurred very slowly, over thousands or millions of years.
Explanation:
According to me there are several causes of climate change, but all the problems are based upon a major problem which is over population. Either it is deforestation, any kind of pollution, global warming or whatever it is, all these problems are inter-linked and all are due to increasing population.
Which of the following is formed when a group of tissues works together to preform a common function
A. Body
B. Organ
C. Brain
D. Organ system
