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As the one hundredth anniversary of the beginning of World War I approaches, one may encounter some rather strained attempts to compare the current global balance of forces to that in Europe in 1914. I recently visited several countries in south east Asia and a different comparison struck me, the similarities between now and the 1930s, weak democracies and strong dictatorships.
This comparison “jumped off the page” after a week in Bangkok, followed by several days in Hanoi - a journey from a country with weak and faltering formal democratic institutions to an apparently stable one with an authoritarian regime (bordering on a country with a considerably more brutal dictatorship, China).
In The Age of Extremes, Eric Hobsbawm argued that the conflict between capitalism and communism determined the course of the twentieth century. This confrontation of socio-economic ideologies without doubt dominated European and global history, especially after 1945. But another, inter-related confrontation that determined the course of the century was authoritarianism versus democracy. The capitalism-communism conflict seems but a moment of history for people in their forties and younger. However, the danger of a rising authoritarian wave is as imminent in the twenty-first century as it was in the twentieth.
In most countries of Europe in the 1930s the contest between authoritarian and democratic visions of society dominated the political struggle. The exceptions were Italy where the fascists had already established an extreme version of authoritarian rule, and Britain where a rigid class structure gave stability to superficially democratic institutions. By the middle of the decade, capitalist authoritarian regimes were clearly on the rise in Germany and much of central and eastern Europe (e.g., Hungary and Poland), as well as Portugal, with Spain soon to join the anti-democratic camp.
Indeed, in very few of the industrialised countries in the late 1930s did democracy seem the stronger trend. Among the large countries only in the United States was there an unambiguous shift towards strengthening popular participation. Ironically enough it was during the presidency of patrician Franklin D Roosevelt that trade unions asserted themselves as a major political force (which would not survive much past mid-century).
Now, well into the twenty-first century it is even more difficult to find a major country with vigorous and democratic institutions, certainly not in the United States nor in Europe. In the United States the confrontation between a well-funded right wing Republican Party and the middle-of-the road Democrat Party dominates politics, one doctrinaire and aggressive, the other muddled and vascillating. The anti-democratic trend is demonstrated by passage of laws restricting the right to vote in Republican controlled states, linked to the racist xenophobia of the Tea Party. In the White House sits a Democrat apparently unconcerned by a massively intrusive national security complex.
In Europe anti-democratic trends are if anything stronger. Britain probably has the most extensive video surveillance network in Europe (see recent articles in the Guardian), as well as legal restrictions on the right of assembly, designed to reduce public protests (as we find in Spain). In addition, the Conservative-dominated coalition government’s brutal attack on poor households receiving social support in effect legalises civil rights violations. Surveillance, attacks on the poor and the government fanning fears of immigrants combine to make a potent anti-democratic package.
On the continent pre-existing authoritarian tendencies enjoyed a quantum leap under the EU-wide austerity regime fostered by the German government under the cover of the European Commission. The unelected governments in Greece (2011-12) and Italy (2011-13) represent the most obvious and shocking examples of the authoritarian trend. Much more serious in the long term is the EU fiscal compact (officially named the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union).
This treaty, which came into effect at the beginning of 2013, severely limits the authority of national parliaments to set fiscal policy. The treaty and additional measures demanded by the German government remove fiscal policy from public control (with monetary policy in the hands of the European Central Bank and beyond national accountability). This process in which major decisions are taken away from the electorate fundamentally undermines public faith in the democratic process.
Explanation:
Authoritarian governments were able to flourish in the 1920s because democratic governments were failing especially in the late 1920s and early 1930s. On top of that socialism was spreading which scared many people and authoritarianism seemed like a better option than democracy for stopping socialism.
What is an authoritarian government?Authoritarian government is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government.
Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have sometimes been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "hybrid regimes" or "competitive authoritarian" states.
Minimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive direct elections to legislatures, free and competitive direct or indirect elections for executives, or both.
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Explain a significant development in Europe by the 15th and 16th centuries that caused a surge in exploration .
Answer:
In the 15th century, Europe sought to expand trade routes to find new sources of wealth and bring Christianity to the East and any newly found lands. This European Age of Discovery saw the rise of colonial empires on a global scale, building a commercial network that connected Europe, Asia, Africa, and the New World.
Explanation:
mark me a brainlistEurope attempted to extend its trade networks by the fifteenth century throughout order to locate new income sources as well as spread Christianity towards the newly discovered countries.
Europe attempted to strengthen its trading paths throughout the fifteenth century to discover new healthful benefits, bringing the Christian community eastwards to all eventually discovered countries.Throughout this European enlightenment period, conquering armies have emerged worldwide, setting up a trade network between Europe, Asia as well as the New Frontier.
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corto análisis filosófico sobre qué es alienación
Answer:
Answer to the following question is as follows;
Explanation:
The term alienation refers to a certain type of psychological or social ailment that involves a troublesome separation between such a self and another that should be united. The empirical problems that are frequently produced by apparently philosophical theories of estrangement are recognised but not overcome.
how did Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Women, and Dissenters react to the way they were treated in World War 1
Answer:
con miedo potter
Explanation:
compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist apporach to deviance
Answer:
Conflict theory looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance. Unlike functionalists, conflict theorists don't see these factors as positive functions of society. They see them as evidence of inequality in the system.
Explanation:
Why don't Americans get much information on the news about what is happening in other countries, unless it's a tragedy; yet everyone else in the world gets news updates about America constantly ?
Answer:
Explanation:
Interesting question. You mean like Fox News?
I saw an ad the other day from a young lady living in Turkey. It was a plea really. She was asking that the powers that be would send planes to her homeland that we all live on this planet.
As far as I know, no one replied and Fox didn't care it.
Question 7 of 20
The Supreme Court has recently ruled that a federal law
outlawing the burning of the American flag in protest
violates the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech.
The Court delivered a split decision, with five justices
voting to overturn the law and four voting to uphold it.
How could one of the major organizations within the federal government
most effectively overcome the Supreme Court's ruling to allow the federal
government to outlaw flag burning?
A. Federal district and appellate judges could refuse to follow the
Supreme Court's precedent.
B. The federal bureaucracy could refuse to comply with the Supreme
Court's orders.
C. Congress could propose a constitutional amendment that would
outlaw flag burning.
D. The president could vold the Supreme Court's ruling using her veto
power.
SUBMIT
If the congress proposed a constitutional amendment that would outlaw flag burning, then, the major organizations will most effectively overcome the Supreme Court's ruling to allow the federal government to outlaw flag burning.
What is a Flag burning?Its involves the act of burning the nation flag as a protest against nationalism or deliberate insult to the people of the country represented by the flag.
However, despite that a Flag burning is offensive, the action is legal in the United states according to Supreme Court rulings and it is a covered under the First Amendment.
Therefore, the Option C is correct.
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Which item is an example of a secondary source?
Answer:
a biography of Abraham Lincoln
Explanation:
Answer:
i think it's A because the source is about him he didn't actually write it
Explanation:
A patient prescribed a metered dose inhaler will find it
A. works for lower (not upper) respiratory diseases only.
B. should be filled with medication in aerosol form only.
C. is filled with medication used to administer a fixed amount of medication per inhalation through the mouth.
D. should be filled with medication in powder form only.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
fixed amount of medication
John White led the group of settlers in 1587. He brought his daughter with him to America. His daughter gave birth to the first English baby born in America. What was the baby's name?
Answer:
Explanation:
Virginia Dare
who is known as the father of our nation
Answer:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
The dehumanizing aspects of the slave system were seen in which of the following? Select all correct responses.
The threat and anticipation of punishment
Humiliation
Branding
Mutilation
Whipping
Answer:
self-mutilation
escaping
acting sick
Explanation:mark brainlest plz ;)
When did the CIA
write this brief? What was going on in the U.S. at
this time?
Answer: Aug 2nd 1981
Explanation: Sorry if it is wrong, good luck.
In this economy, community members typically use simple tools to plant and harvest crops. Food supplies are supplemented by hunting animals and gathering plant materials. Members trade with each other to obtain needed goods, as few people hold currency. Little economic growth occurs.
What type of economy is being described?
Answer:
A traditional economy
Explanation:
A traditional economy is an economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs help shape the goods and services the economy produces, as well as the rule and manner of their distribution. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.
Which artist photographed the above images? What did he pioneer?
Name the series of photographs above, and its significance.
Answer:
Hey! the artist is Eadweard Muybridge,
He was revered for his work because he set up a system of trip-wires that would each activate a shutter on a set of cameras
Answer:
the guy above is incorrect
Explanation:
The artist Eadweard Muybridge produced the above images. He was revered for his work because he set up a system of trip-wires that would each activate a shutter on a set of cameras. So as a person or animal ran past, he could capture it in a variety of sequenced possess. Like with the image above, entitled Horse in Motion, he captured a horse as it galloped. Besides the process used, this image was important because it was the first time anyone had noticed that all four of the horses feet leave the ground at the same time, during one point of its gallop.
This is the real answer
Week 3 Short Responses – Question 3 The National American Woman Suffrage Association supported the U.S. decision to enter World War I and publicly encouraged women to support the war effort. Was this a necessary or a contributory cause of the success of the woman suffrage movement?
Answer and Explanation:
We can consider that in addition to being a necessary cause for the efforts of war, it was a cause that contributed immensely to the movement for women's suffrage.
When men left their cities to join the armies during the war, a large part of the country's industry and production was paralyzed for lack of workers. However, as war is extremely expensive, it is essential that all productive sectors in a country continue to function and generate money, so that the economy remains active and there is money for the war effort. Therefore, it was essential that countries at war had the efforts of women, who had to take over the work left by men.
This was essential for the economy of the countries, but it was also a great help for the women's suffrage movement, as it showed how women were necessary for citizenship and the functioning of the country and how they were able to contribute to any activity, even the occupied ones. by men.
What are oromo's cultural values?
Explanation:
Oromos respect their elders and value social responsibility, helping others, bravery, and hard work. Knowledge of history and culture is admired. Oromos can count their family trees through ten generations or more.
what do you mean by occupation??
Answer:
a person's usual or principal work or business, especially as a means of earning a living; vocation: Her occupation was dentistry. any activity in which a person is engaged. possession, settlement, or use of land or property. the act of occupying, possessing, or settling.
Explanation:
What was the outcome of most European revolts of the 1830s?
Answer: They resulted in little to no change.
Explanation:
The revolutions in 1830 shook many places in Europe. The places such as France, Germany, Belgium, etc were in great flux. The revolutions that broke in Europe in 1830 were Romanticism, the Belgian Revolution, and the July Revolution.
These revolutions were considered as the lengthy continent-wide crisis. The origin of these revolts lie in the governmental mistakes. But these revolutions were unable to bring a satisfactory outcomes as hoped for because of lack of preparations by the revolutionaries. And also, these revolutions did not get any international help. So, the European revolutions of 1830 resulted in only little or no changes.
what led to ancient china's isolation
Answer:
hope this helps, let me know if it doesn't and i can look deeper into it.
Explanation:
dry deserts to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and impassable mountains to the south. This enabled the Chinese to develop independently from other world civilizations.
How did Buddhism spread across Asia and into China?
Answer:
Buddhism Spread From Central Asia, they spread into China in the 2nd century CE. These forms of Hinayana were later combined with Mahayana aspects that came through this same route from India, with the Mahayana eventually becoming the dominant form of Buddhism in China and most of Central Asia. The Chinese form of Mahayana later spread to Korea, Japan and Vietnam.
Hope this helps,
Plz Mark BRAINLIEST♥
Why did ancient humans fight wars against each other
What is the main function of the executive branch of the state government?
OA.
to enforce state laws
O B.
to enforce federal laws
C.
to decide whether to adopt federal laws
D.
to pass state laws
nhà nước đầu tiên ở việt nam?
Answer:
Văn Lang
Explanation:
Answer:
Nhà nước Văn Lang
Explanation:
Due to the side-effects of industrialization, Roosevelt passed many conversation efforts, such as:
Answer:The Sierra Club
Explanation:
4. The following excerpt is about the Neutrality Act of 1937.
The Neutrality Act of 1937 did contain one important concession to [President Franklin)
any
items except arms from the United States, so long as they immediately paid for such items and
carried them on non-American-ships--the so-called “cash-and-carry” provision.
Source: United States Department of State
Why was the “cash-and-carry” provision important to President Roosevelt?
A. It allowed the United States to make loans to countries that were considered allies.
B. It allowed the United States to aid France and Britain while maintaining neutrality.
C. It made it easier to tax luxury goods that Europeans had purchased in America.
D. It encouraged European companies to invest in American businesses.
Answer:
The "cash and carry" legislation enacted in 1939 effectively ended the arms embargo that had been in place since the Neutrality Act of 1936, and paved the way for Roosevelt's Lend-Lease program.
Explanation:
Explain the extent to which the Columbian Exchange had beneficial effects on both the
Native Americans and Europeans.
Answer:A positive effect of the Columbian exchange was the introduction of New World crops, such as potatoes and corn, to the Old World. A significant negative effect was the enslavement of African populations and the exchange of diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
Explanation:
The native cuisine was preferred by the Native Americans. However, the Native Americans readily borrowed animals from the Eurasian stables. Horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and a variety of other beneficial species were introduced to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange.
What are the pros and cons of the Columbian Exchange?The Columbian Exchange solely had beneficial effects on Europeans' life in terms of benefits. They acquired a variety of goods, including slaves from Africa, land in the Americas, and crops like maize and potatoes. The spread of disease, mortality, and slavery, on the other hand, are some of the negative effects of the Columbian Exchange.
By bringing new crops from the Americas, the Columbian Exchange increased Europe's population and sparked the continent's economic transition to capitalism. Ecosystems were upset by colonization, which introduced new species like pigs while entirely eradicating others like beavers.
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Features of stratification in Nigeria sociology
Answer:
Inequality or Higher-lower positions
Social Stratification is a Source of Competition
Every Status has a Particular Prestige Associated with it
Stratification Involves a Stable, Enduring and Hierarchical Division of Society:
Different Statuses are Inter-dependent
In which African region is settled agriculture difficult?
A. Equatorial
B. Savannah
C. Mediterranean
D. Southern Africa
why do you think early American read so much work produced in England?
Answer:
The basic assumption for "Early Americans" or at least "Early United Statians", is that, quite frankly, their ancestors came from Great Britain, whether they were fleeing religious persecution, or that they were inmates that were sent west to help relieve overflowing prison system, or even prospectors and adventure seekers. They would establish settlements such as Roanoke and Jamestowns, and with new incomers as well as a growing population, would slowly expand. Remember, these settlers were primarily from England, meaning that English would be their primary language. As such, any works they would read would be in English, and that left mainly works produced in America by British colonists, or else it would simply come from England. Unless they understood a different language, those would be the two places of origin for the information and reading materials that they would acquire.
