PLEASE HELP 100 POINTS AND BRAINLY!!

Answer:

the answer is

c.) ecosystem

ecosystem is a community of living things and non living things that interact in the same environment

. Population- is a group of individuals of the same species living within an area

. Species - is a group of individuals that can reproduce naturally with one another and create a fertile offspring

.Community- is a group of living and non living things in the same environment

.Biotic factors - living things such as plants,animals,bacteria,fungi ... that are found in ecosystems

.Abiotic factors - non living things such as water,air,sans,light.. that are found in ecosystems

HOPE THIS HELPDS :D

Answer:

ecosystem

Explanation:

ye

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Produce natural variation to adapt to environmental change is an advantage of sexual reproduction. Correct Option is 2.

The advantage of sexual reproduction is that it produces genetic variation within a population. During sexual reproduction, offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents, leading to unique genetic combinations. This genetic diversity results in natural variation among individuals within a population.

This variation is advantageous because it allows a population to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. In a changing environment, some individuals may possess traits that are better suited to the new conditions, making them more likely to survive and reproduce. Through natural selection, these advantageous traits can become more prevalent in the population over time, enhancing the population's overall ability to adapt and thrive.

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Answer:

Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

Respiration = Glucose + Oxygen -> Water + Carbon Dioxide

Answer:

31 pairs is correct

Explanation:

Answer:

when an object smashed into early Earth. .Explanation: no explanation just the answer

The statement that describes the way the paramecium reproduces asexually is as follows: it happens by cell division that include mitosis (option A).

Asexual reproduction is one of the two types of reproduction that involves neither meiosis nor fusion of gametes.

This means that in asexual reproduction, new offsprings are produced by a single parent. The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other i.e., they are the clones of their parents.

This is possible because the single parent cell divides mitotically to produce identical daughter cells.

Therefore, option A is correct regarding the way paramecium reproduces asexually.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

respiration is the process by which living organisms(animals) take in oxygen a d give out carbon dioxide. this is not used for plants because plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen

Answer: People, polar bears, penguins, and prairie dogs, like most other birds and mammals, are endotherms. Iguanas and rattlesnakes, like most other reptiles—along with most fishes, amphibians, and invertebrates—are ectotherms.

it can kill

Explanation:

The reason it is a universal problem is because it can kill animals and polute the ocean and then clog up a boat engine

Answer:

some important abiotic factors Space, water, and climate all help determine a species population.

Explanation:

Answer:

his continental drift

Explanation:

Wegener used fossil evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis. The fossils of these organisms are found on lands that are now far apart. ... Wegener suggested that these creatures were alive in warm climate zones and that the fossils and coal later had drifted to new locations on the continents.

Answer:

I donot know all the answers but I am trying my best to solve so I have given the answer below but I am not very much sure that my answers are correct or not

Explanation:

1 : superior vena cavae

2 : right auricle

3 : pulmonary valve (veins have valve that 's why I have written this answer but not very much sure about the answer

4 : not given

5 : tricuspid valve

6 : not given

7 : right ventricular myocardium ( it is similar that's why I have written

8 : left ventricular myocardium ( it is also similar that's why I have written

9 : not given

10 : chordae tendinenae of mitral valve ( it is similar to the given location that's why I have written)

11 : not given

12 : left auricle

13 : not given

14 : aortic arch

not sure about the answer I have written above plss check the answer and the numbers in which I have written (not given) I am not sure about the answers that's why I have written (not given) may be it is given and it is difficult also to give answer of this question you have asked I am only the 8 standard student

Answer:

structure

The arrangement of atoms in gold follows what's called a "​face centred cubic" (fcc) structure. Put simply, the atoms in gold form cubes, with an atom at each of the corners, and another atom in the centre of each of the faces (you can see what this looks like in the image below).

bonding

Silver, iron, platinum, gold, and copper all form metallic bonds. Unlike covalent bonding, metallic bonding is non-directional. The strong bond consists of positively charged metal atoms in fixed positions, surrounded by delocalized electrons.

Explanation:

Gold's atoms are face-centered cubic (fcc) and has metallic bonding in it's structure.

Because a cloud of electrons holds the atomic nuclei of gold together, gold is soft. Instead of having a set of electrons allocated to one nucleus, this cloud floats through the gold framework. Metallic bonds are the forces that exist between the nuclei and the electron cloud.

In gold, atoms are arranged in a configuration known as a "face-centered cubic" (fcc) structure. Simply put, the gold's atoms take the shape of cubes with one at each of their four corners and another in the middle of each of their six faces.

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Answer:

Summary. Through the process of cellular respiration, the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body's cells. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and the energy is transferred to ATP.

Answer:

Theory of Measurements:

Leaf photosynthetic rate is measured by enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and measuring the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration as a function of time.

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next nuclear division.

There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle. One at the end of the G1 phase, the second at the end of the G2 phase, and while third is during the M phase.

Therefore, if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

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Answer:

Uhhh the answer is in the explanation

Explanation:

The citric acid cycle, shown in —also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle—is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—into carbon dioxide.

Answer:

UASG; Gal4

Explanation:

Answer:

The principal mineralocorticoid is aldosterone that helps regulate levels of sodium and potassium ions in the blood and body fluids.

Answer:

Bottom strand

Explanation:

Answer:

from the stomach to the small intestine

The answer is A

The magnets in step 1 will repel and the ones in set 2 will attract

Answer: its A

Explanation:

Some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as: vestigial structures.

Vestigial structures are organic structures that do not appear to fulfill any important biological function in the organism that possesses them.

Therefore, we can conclude that some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as vestigial structures.

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Creation of an egg- sexual

Creation of a fruit - sexual

Mushrooms producing spores - Sexual

Production of seeds - Sexual

Budding in yeast - Asexual

Stem cuttings of plants - Asexual

Answer:In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Chromosomes are not visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly packed during cell division and is then visible under a microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division.

Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.

Answer:

A) A signaling molecule from the model shown is the pheromone. The pheromone binds to the receptor to create the cellular response in yeast to stop growth and produce shmoo. Shmoo is a nodule that allows the yeast cells to join together. Receptors play a role in cell differentiation, because the signaling molecules bind to the receptor in order to produce a response. When the pheromone binds to the receptor, a series of steps are followed in the transduction pathway in order to create shmoo, a differentiation in the cell. Without the receptor, the signaling pheromone would not be able to trigger the transduction pathway that ultimately results in the differentiation of the cell. Only signaling molecules with a specific shape and size can bind to a specialized receptor and cause a cellular response. Different yeast cell types may have varying receptors, affecting the ability of each pheromone to bind to the receptor to create a mating differentiation and, therefore, the rate of mating.

B) The dependent variable of the experiment is the number of cells that differentiated. The number of cells that differentiated depended on the type of yeast exposed to the pheromones. In this experiment, the experimenters controlled the sample size and the application of the pheromones. Each treated group consisted of 1,000 cells and was given the same concentration of pheromones. The same three pheromones, Wild Type-created, Variant 1-created, and Variant 2-created, were also used for each yeast cell type. These controls allowed the experimenters to observe how yeast cell type affects the rate of mating without the influence of other factors that could have skewed the results.

C) Chi-square analysis can be used to determine if the number of Variant 1-Type cells with mating differentiations significantly differed from those of the Wild Type. The Variant 1-Type yeast cells are being compared to the Wild Type cells, so the Variant-1 Type cells are the observed data and the Wild Type cells represent the expected data. In order to find the chi-square value, the square of the difference between the observed and expected values divided by the expected value must be calculated for each category. For the Wild Type-created pheromone type, there were 450 differentiated cells in the Wild Type cells and 203 in the Variant 1-Type cells. By using these values in the formula, a value of approximately 135.58 results. There were 606 differentiated Wild Type cells and 411 differentiated Variant 1-Type cells in the groups exposed to the Variant 1-created pheromone, showing a value of about 62.75. The value for the Variant 2-created pheromone category can be calculated as 16.82, with 50 differentiated Wild Type yeast cells and 21 differentiated Variant 1-Type cells. Then, these values are added to find the final chi-square value, 215.15, which can be compared to a critical chi-square value to determine the significance of the difference. The critical value with a 95% confidence for three categories is 5.99. The calculated chi-square value is far greater than the critical value, showing a significant variation between the number of cells with mating projections in the Wild Type and Variant 1-Type yeast cells. This also rejects the null hypothesis that there is not an important variation in the values, supporting the alternative hypothesis that a factor is affecting the rates of mating in Variant 1-Type yeast cells.

D) The significant variation between the data values could have resulted from a mutation in the Variant 1-Type cells. This mutation likely changed the receptor site of the cell by affecting its shape. Without the proper shape of specialized receptor sites, the pheromones are inhibited from binding to the receptor. When signals bind to receptors, the signal is received and a sequence of changes occurs throughout the transduction pathway in order to produce a response. Since pheromones cannot bind to the receptor sites to produce a response as easily, the overall cellular response of differentiation cannot be produced as often. The mutation resulted in the inability for signals in the pheromones to be received and communicate the correct response. Therefore, the mutation in the receptor site Variant 1-Type cells explains the significant variation in the values between the Variant 1-Type cells and the Wild Type cells. The data in the experiment shows that different pheromones resulted in differing amounts of cell differentiation in the Variant 1-Type yeast cells. This further suggests that the mutation affected the receptor site, not the pheromones, as the pheromones could still bind in some cells and the differences in the pheromones were not lost. The data indicates that the receptor sites of Variant 1-Type cells were changed by a mutation, creating a significant difference between the number of differentiated cells in the Wild Type and Variant 1-Type yeast cells.

Ligands are called signaling molecules because they bind to receptors and carries information.

A) The signaling molecule in the model is the pheromone. It binds to the receptor to generate a cellular response in the yeast system. It inhibits the growth of yeast cells and secretes shmoo.

Receptors are important in cell differentiation as they bind with receptors and create shmoo via the transduction pathway.

In the absence of a receptor, the transduction pathway will not occur and shmoo will not be produced.

Signaling molecules having specific shapes and sizes can only bind to receptors.

B) In the above experiment, a dependent variable is the number of cells differentiated. The number of cells differentiated depends on its exposure to pheromones.

The application of pheromones and the sample size of cells were in control by the experimenters. The yeast cell types were exposed to Variant 1-created, Variant 2-created and Wild Type-created pheromones equally.

This helped the researchers in determining the rate of mating without any influence of other factors.

C) Chi-square can be used to evaluate the number of variant 1 type cells with that from wild type.

The observed data includes variant type 1 cells and the expected data includes the wild type cells.

[tex]\rm Chi - square = \dfrac{( Observed - Expected \:values)^{2}}{ \:Expected \:values}[/tex]

The required value with a 95% certainty for the three types is 5.99. The calculated chi-square value is greater than that of critical values.

This shows the difference in the mating of variant and wild type varieties. It also repudiates the null hypothesis.

D) The mutation likely occurred on the receptor site of the variant type that changed the shape of the site binding.

The change in the receptor site will inhibit the pheromones from binding. This will affect the cell differentiation and transduction pathway.

Therefore, mutation on the receptor site indicated the variant and the wild type have different cell differentiation and mating rates. The mutation is responsible for the varied data and not pheromones.

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