Answer:
1. Pharmaceutical companies reduce their estimate of the profitability of new drug research.
2. Pharmaceutical companies are less willing to invest in drug development.
3. Fewer new drugs are brought to market.
Explanation:
Given that the pharmaceutical companies are recognized as making profits in an unfair way by selling drugs. Now there is a new law which shortens the duration of time of the use of the drug formula by the manufacturer.
Thus the events in a sequence order which shows how the restricting profits by the pharmaceutical companies affects the innovation are :
The companies tries to reduce their estimate of profitability of the new drug research.The pharmaceutical research does not want to invest their money in the research and development of the drugs.Only few drugs are put in the market.Use the following data to calculate the cost of goods sold for the period:
Beginning Raw Materials Inventory $30,600
Ending Raw Materials Inventory 70,600
Beginning Work in Process Inventory 40,600
Ending Work in Process Inventory 46,600
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory 72,600
Ending Finished Goods Inventory 68,600
Cost of Goods Manufactured for the period 246,600
Answer:
The cost of goods sold for the period is:
= $250,600.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Beginning Raw Materials Inventory $30,600
Ending Raw Materials Inventory 70,600
Beginning Work in Process Inventory 40,600
Ending Work in Process Inventory 46,600
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory 72,600
Ending Finished Goods Inventory 68,600
Cost of Goods Manufactured for the period 246,600
To determine the cost of goods sold:
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory $ 72,600
Cost of Goods Manufactured for the period 246,600
Cost of goods available for sale $319,200
Ending Finished Goods Inventory (68,600)
Cost of goods sold $250,600
a. Billed customers for fees earned, $112,700.
b. Purchased supplies on account, $4,500.
c. Received cash from customers on account, $88,220.
d. Paid creditors on account, $3,100.
e. On October 12, fees earned on account were $14,600.
Required:
Journalize this transaction.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Mark the statements that are TRUE.
Technology means the type of natural resources that are available.
Careful study and review is known as capital.
It would not make much sense to force an unskilled laborer to work in a surgical position,
Your nation's labor force includes people who want to work but do not have a job at the moment.
Your nation's money is considered capital.
Answer:
true statements are
b
c
d
e
Answer:
Tecnología significa el tipo de recursos naturales que están disponibles. V
El estudio y la revisión cuidadosos se conocen como capital. F
No tendría mucho sentido obligar a un trabajador no calificado a trabajar en un puesto quirúrgico. V
La fuerza laboral de su país incluye personas que quieren trabajar pero que no tienen trabajo en este momento.V
El dinero de su nación se considera capitalV .
Explanation:
Investing $2,000,000 in TQM's Channel Support Systems initiative will at a minimum increase demand for your products 1.7% in this and in all future rounds. (Refer to the TQM Initiative worksheet in the CompXM.xls Decisions menu.) Looking at the Round 0 Inquirer for Andrews, last year's sales were $163,189,230. Assuming similar sales next year, the 1.7% increase in demand will provide $2,774,217 of additional revenue. With the overall contribution margin of 34.1%, after direct costs this revenue will add $946,008 to the bottom line. For simplicity, assume that the demand increase and margins will remain at last year's levels. How long will it take to achieve payback on the initial $2,000,000 TQM investment, rounded to the nearest month
The descriptive term used to explain how people, businesses, and countries around the world are more interdependent because of the changes in forces like transportation, media, technology, and global finance is ________.
Answer:
Globalization
Explanation:
Globalization can be regarded as process which involves integration as well as interaction of people across the globe as well as companies and governments across the world. Globalization has improved as result of advances in transportation as well as communication technology which makes the to come together.
It should be noted that Globalization explained how people, businesses, and countries around the world are more interdependent because of the changes in forces like transportation, media, technology, and global finance.
For Oriole Company, sales is $1500000, fixed expenses are $330000, and the contribution margin per unit is $60. What is the break-even point?
Answer:
5500
Explanation:
Breakeven quantity are the number of units produced and sold at which net income is zero.
Breakeven is the ratio of fixed cost to profit per unit of output sold.
Breakeven quantity = fixed cost / price – variable cost per unit
= fixed price / contribution margin per unit
Fixed costs are costs that do not vary with output. e,g, rent, mortgage payments
Variable costs are costs that vary with production
If a producer decides not to produce any output, there would be no need to hire labour and thus no need to pay hourly wages.
$330,000 / $60 = 5500
Magazine sells subscriptions for for issues. The company collects cash in advance and then mails out the magazines to subscribers each month. Apply the revenue recognition principle to determine a. when Magazine should record revenue for this situation. b. the amount of revenue Magazine should record for issues. a. Seacoast Magazine should record revenue whe
Answer:
a. It should record revenue on a monthly basis
The Revenue Recognition principle in accounting posits that revenue should only be recognized after the goods and services that the revenue was paid for, have been delivered.
Seacoast Magazine has not delivered the magazine and will do so monthly for 18 months. It should therefore apportion profits to those months and only recognize the profit after the magazines are delivered.
b. Amount of revenue for 8 issues:
= 36/ 18 issues * 8 issues
= 2 * 8
= $16
Consider the monopolistically competitive market structure, which has some features of a competitive market and some features of a monopoly.
Complete the following table by indicating if each attribute characterizes a competitive market, a monopolistically competitive market, both, or neither. Check all that apply.
Attributes Competitive Market Monopolistically Competitive Market
Few sellers
Free entry
Price is equal to marginal cost
Price equals average total cost in the long run
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
Considering the available options, here are the attributes that characterize a competitive market, and a monopolistically competitive market.
A competitive market is characterized by Identical products and Price = MR, while Monopolistic competition is characterized by product differentiation and few sellers.
Hence, it can be written as:
Competitive markets
Product differentiation. No
Identical products Yes
Price=MR Yes
Few sellers No
Monopolistic competition
Product differentiation. Yes
Identical products No
Price=MR No
Few sellers Yes
Which of the following is not a standard organizational structure
Question Completion with Options:
i. Line Organisation
ii. Staff Organisation
iii. Functional Organisation
iv. Committee Organisation Code
Answer:
The option that is not a standard organizational structure is:
iv. Committee Organisation Code
Explanation:
The organizational structure adopted by an entity reflects how some of its rules, roles, and responsibilities are directed between organizational levels in order to achieve its goals. The organizational structure also shows the information flows between different levels within the entity. Traditionally, organizations maintained hierarchical, functional, divisional, matrix, and flat organizational structures. Given current digitalization with its internet of things (IoT), more decentralized, network, and team-based organizational structures have emerged.
How to write business proposal
ing using a calculator) Jesse Pinkman is thinking about trading cars. He estimates he will still have to borrow $ to pay for his new car. How large will Jesse's monthly car loan payment be if he can get a -year ( equal monthly payments) car loan from the university's credit union at an APR of percent compounded monthly?
Answer:
Monthly car loan payment = $414 (Approx.)
Explanation:
Missing information;
Amount borrow = $29,000
NUmber of payment = 7 year x 12 = 84
Rate = 5.3% yearly = 0.053 / 12 monthly
Find:
Monthly car loan payment
Computation:
PV = $29,000
N = 84
r = 0.053/12
FV = 0
PV = (PMT/r)[1 – 1/(1 + r)ⁿ] + FV/(1 + r)ⁿ
29,000 = [PMT/(0.053/12)][1 – 1/(1 + 0.053/12)^84] + 0
PMT = 413.98
Monthly car loan payment = $414 (Approx.)
plan content of paragraph in outline form
Which measure of central tendency and dispersion can syafig calculate
Answer:
nominal variables
Explanation:
For each of the following separate transactions:
Sold a building costing $31,500, with $20,600 of accumulated depreciation, for $8,600 cash, resulting in a $2,300 loss.
Acquired machinery worth $10,600 by issuing $10,600 in notes payable.
Issued 1,060 shares of common stock at par for $2 per share.
Note payables with a carrying value of $40,300 were retired for $47,600 cash, resulting in a $7,300 loss.
(a) Prepare the reconstructed journal entry.
1. Record Sale of Building
2. Record Acquisition of machinery
3. Record the issuance of common stock for cash
4. Record payment of cash to retire debit
(b) Identify the effect it has, if any, on the investing section or financing section of the statement of cash flows.
Answer:
a) Journal Entries:
1. Debit Sale of Building $31,500
Credit Building $31,500
To transfer building to sale of building account.
Debit Accumulated Depreciation $20,600
Credit Sale of Building $20,600
To transfer accumulated depreciation to sale of building account.
Debit Cash $8,600
Credit Sale of Building $8,600
To record the proceeds received from the sale of building.
2. Debit Machinery $10,600
Credit Notes Payable $10,600
To record the acquisition of machinery.
3. Debit Cash $2,120
Credit Common stock $1,060
Credit APIC $1,060
To record the issuance of 1,060 shares of common stock at par for $2 per share.
4. Debit Note payables $40,300
Debit Loss (Interest expense) $7,300
Credit Cash $47,600
To record the retirement of the note payable.
b) Effect of transactions on Investing or Financing sections of the Statement of Cash Flows:
Investing activities:
Sale of Building +$8,600
Financing activities:
Issuance of common stock +$2,120
Notes payable -$47,600
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
Sale of Building $31,500 Building $31,500
Accumulated Depreciation $20,600 Sale of Building $20,600
Cash $8,600 Sale of Building $8,600
Machinery $10,600 Notes Payable $10,600
Cash $2,120 Common stock $1,060 APIC $1,060 shares of common stock at par for $2 per share.
Note payables $40,300 Interest Loss $7,300 Cash $47,600
Which of the following is an example of a mixed cost?
a. electricity costs of $3 per kilowatt-hour
b. salary of a factory supervisor
c. rental costs of $10,000 per month plus $0.30 per machine hour of use
d. straight-line depreciation on factory equipment
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Mixed cost is a cost that consists of both fixed cost and variable cost
Fixed costs are costs that do not vary with output. e.g., rent, mortgage payments, depreciation
Variable costs are costs that vary with production
An example of variable cost is electricity costs of $3 per kilowatt-hour. If the factory is locked down, no electricity cost would be incurred.
The rental costs of $10,000 per month plus $0.30 per machine hour of use consists of both a fixed cost and a variable cost
the fixed cost is 10,000
the variable cost is $0.30 per machine hour
Coronado, Inc. reported net income of $2.95 million in 2022. Depreciation for the year was $188,800, accounts receivable decreased $413,000, and accounts payable decreased $330,400. Compute net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method
Answer:
Net cash provided by operating activities $3,221,400
Explanation:
The computation of the net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method is given below
cash provided by operating activities
Net income $2,950,000
Add: depreciation $188,800
Add: decrease in account receivable $413,000
Less: decrease in account payable -$330,400
Net cash provided by operating activities $3,221,400
If Hawk Manufacturing incurs $600,000 during a joint manufacturing process before the split-off point, that $600,000 represents the
Answer:
Joint cost incurred in the process
Explanation:
In domain of accounting, a joint cost can be regarded as a cost that is been incurred in a joint process. Joint costs may encompass costs like direct material,overhead costs as well as direct labor that is been incurred during a joint production process.
joint production process can be regarded as one whereby one input give yields of multiple outputs. This process helps to automatically creates other types of output product when creating one type of output.
For instance, Joint cost when a Manufacturing company incurs $600,000 during a joint manufacturing process before the split-off point, that $600,000 represents the Joint cost .
Model of media richness
Answer:
Media richness theory states that all communication media vary in their ability to enable users to communicate and to change understanding. ... A primary driver in selecting a communication medium for a particular message is to reduce the equivocality, or possible misinterpretations, of a message.
Answer:
The term "media wealth" was described in 1986 by Richard Daft and Robert Lengel for the first time in the context of the media wealth theory. Media wealth describes the learning density that can be transmitted by a specific communication medium.
Explanation:
Before the growth of electronic communication media, MRT was developed to help managers decide which medium was best suited to communicate a message in business situations.
Rich media, such as conversations and phone calls, were best considered to be not-routine messages, while lean media were considered acceptable to routine messages like unaddressed memoranda.
The media wealth has been extended in the past two decades to cover the strengths and weaknesses of new media – from email to websites, video lectures, voice men, and immediate messages.
In media-rich contexts, humans evolved. Facial communication was the only way to communicate for hundreds of thousands of years living in stable, close-knit social groups. The concept of media choice did not exist until about 5,000 years ago, because it was not one-to-one or nothing apart from smoke signals.
A corporation issues for cash $1,000,000 of 8%, 20-year bonds, interest payable annually, at a time when the market rate of interest is 10%. The straight-line method is adopted for the amortization of bond discount or premium. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The amount of the annual interest expense is computed at 8% of the bond carrying amount at the beginning of the year.
b. The amount of the annual interest expense gradually decreases over the life of the bonds.
c. The amount of unamortized discount decreases from its balance at issuance date to a zero balance at maturity.
d. The amount of unamortized premium decreases from its balance at issuance date to a zero balance at maturity.
Answer:
d.The unamortized discount decreases from its balance at issuance date to a zero balance at maturity
Explanation:
The amount of annual interest is the carrying amount at the beginning of each year multiplied by the market rate of interest of 10%(not the discount rate of 8%)
Also, a bond whose market interest rate is higher than the coupon rate would be issued at a discount(not at a premium, let alone having an unamortized premium)
Andy contracts with Susan to feed his dog while he is Europe during the month of July. Andy calls and revokes on July 1st after Susan has gone out and purchased the necessary products to perform but has not yet feed the dog once. A court will likely:
Answer: D. Enforce the contract.
Explanation:
This falls under the doctrine of Promissory estoppel. This posits that when a party to a contract has invested their money into procuring the necessary tools to fulfil their part of the contract, the other party may not cancel the contract unless they pay the former party what they would have made from the contract.
This is because the party that used their money to procure tools (Susan in this case) would not have done so if the other party (Andy) had not made a promise to them in the contract that they would fulfil their part of the bargain.
The Courts would therefore enforce the contract.
The Cullumber Acres Inn is trying to determine its break-even point during its off-peak season. The inn has 50 rooms that it rents at $65 a night. Operating costs are as follows:
Salaries $7,000 per month
Utilities $1,000 per month
Depreciation $1,100 per month
Maintenance $1,508 per month
Maid service $13 per room
Other costs $26 per room
Required:
a. Determine the inn's break-even point in number of rented rooms per month.
b. Determine the inn's break-even point in dollars.
Answer:
a. Breakeven point in number of rented rooms:
= Fixed costs / Contribution margin
Fixed cost = Salaries per month + Utilities + Depreciation + Maintenance
= 7,000 + 1,000 + 1,100 + 1,508
= $10,608
Contribution margin:
= Rent price - Maid service - Other costs
= 65 - 13 - 26
= $26
Breakeven point in rented rooms:
= 10,608 / 26
= 408 rooms
b. Breakeven point in dollars:
= Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio
= 10,608 / (26 / 65)
= 10,608 / 40%
= $26,520
Unearned Revenue: The company collected $24,000 rent in advance on September 1,
debiting Cash and crediting Unearned Rent Revenue. The tenant was paying 12
months' rent in advance and occupancy began September 1. Answer the four questions
below as of 12/31. Whenever you see the word "unearned," it always indicates a liability
account. Most liability accounts include the word "payable," as those liabilities will be
paid back. An unearned account is a liability that will be worked off, rather than paid
off.
1. The beginning balance of Unearned Revenue: (5 pts)
Answer:
Time period from September 1 - December 31 is 4 months and this means that the tenant has occupied the place for 4 months. Hence, 4 months rent would be accrued.
12 Month rent amount = $24,000
Per month rent amount = $240,00/12 month = $2,000
So, Rent for 4 months = 4 month * $2,000 = $8,000
Adjusting Entry
Date Account titles Debit Credit
Dec 31 Unearned Rent Revenue $8,000
Rent Revenue $8,000
All companies try to have happy workers as they know the relationship between satisfaction and performance. This is why they are focusing on motivating their employees in a variety of ways. From what you have learned please suggest what companies should do to have a working place that could effectively motivate their employees.
Answer:
1. Reward and incentivize workers
2. Set smaller weekly or biweekly goals for them.
3. Foster trust between the managers and workers.
Explanation:
In order to have workers who are motivated to put in their best in the company, employers should take certain positive actions. These actions include;
1. Reward and incentivize workers: Rewards which could be monetary, as word of praise, or formal recognition can move workers to give their best. Humans are motivated when their efforts are recognized and praised. Therefore, incentivizing workers is a good way to get them motivated.
2. Set smaller weekly or biweekly goals for them: Setting humongous goals and targets can scare off and pressurize the workers. But when these large goals are broken into smaller goals, they can then be motivated to reach those goals.
3. Foster trust between the managers and workers: When workers have a sense of belonging and know that they are trusted, they will be in a more relaxed frame to achieve their goals. Unwarranted allegations and suspicions can put the workers on edge.
When marginal cost is greater than average cost, average cost must be:_________.
a. rising.
b. falling.
c. constant.
d. The direction of change in marginal cost cannot be determined from this information.
Answer:
A
The average cost will be rising
A buyer of $7,000 in merchandise inventory failed to take advantage of the vendor's credit terms of 2/15, n/45, and instead paid the invoice in full at the end of 45 days. By not taking advantage of the cash discount, the buyer lost the discount of:_________
a. 100
b. 77
c. 1155
d. 770
e. 231
Given:
The credit terms are: [tex]\bold{\frac{2}{15} \ \ \frac{n}{45}}[/tex]When the [tex]2\%[/tex] discount with [tex]\bold{45\ days}[/tex] to paySo, the price of the merchandise is: [tex]\bold{ 7000}[/tex]Calculating the cash discount:
[tex]= \bold{7000 \times 2\%}\\\\= \bold{7000 \times \frac{2}{100}}\\\\= \bold{70\times 2}\\\\= \bold{\$140}[/tex]
Therefore the answer is "140", and all the given choices are wrong.
Learn more:
cash discount: brainly.com/question/4503765
is an important factor when
According to your reading material,
looking at your market and its needs.
a.
b.
location
capital
insurance
timing
d.
Answer:
Explanation:
insurance
According to your reading material, insurance Is an important factor when looking at your market and its needs. Option C is the correct answer.
While factors like location, capital, and timing are important considerations, insurance is also a crucial factor to take into account when assessing your market and its needs. Insurance provides protection and risk management for your business, its assets, and potential liabilities. Option C is the correct answer.
Having appropriate insurance coverage helps safeguard your business against unexpected events, such as accidents, property damage, legal claims, or disruptions to operations. It provides financial protection and peace of mind, allowing you to focus on meeting your market's needs without the constant worry of potential losses. Insurance coverage can vary depending on the nature of your business and industry. Common types of insurance include general liability insurance, property insurance, professional liability insurance, and workers' compensation insurance.
Learn more about Insurance here:
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The complete question is, " According to your reading material, ______ Is an important factor when looking at your market and its needs.
a. location
b. capital
c. insurance
d. timing"
Operating Leverage
Haywood Co. reports the following data:
Sales $6,160,000
Variable costs (4,620,000)
Contribution margin $1,540,000
Fixed costs (440,000)
Operating income $1,100,000
Determine Haywood Co.’s operating leverage. Round your answer to one decimal place.
Answer:
Degree of operating leverage= 1.4
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Sales $6,160,000
Variable costs (4,620,000)
Contribution margin $1,540,000
Fixed costs (440,000)
Operating income $1,100,000
To calculate the degree of operating leverage, we need to use the following formula:
degree of operating leverage= Total contribution margin / operating income
degree of operating leverage= 1,540,000 / 1,100,000
degree of operating leverage= 1.4
Sales totaled $1,277,750 for the year, variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $158,710, and fixed selling and administrative expenses totaled $212,190. There was no beginning inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Under variable costing, the company's net operating income for the year would be:
Complete Question:
Krepps Corporation produces a single product. Last year, Krepps manufactured 32,150 units and sold 26,900 units. Production costs for the year were as follows: Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Fixed manufacturing overhead $234, 695 $154, 320 $279, 705 $482, 250 Sales totaled $1,277,750 for the year, variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $158,710, and fixed selling and administrative expenses totaled $212.190. There was no beginning inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Under variable costing, the company's net operating income for the year would be:
Multiple Choice
O $28,350 higher than under absorption costing.
0 $28,350 lower than under absorption costing.
0 $78,750 lower than under absorption costing,
0 $78,750 higher than under absorption costing.
Answer:
Krepps Corporation
Under variable costing, the company's net operating income for the year would be:
0 $78,750 lower than under absorption costing
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Production units = 32,150 units
Sales units = 26,900 units
Production costs :
Direct materials $234, 695
Direct labor $154, 320
Variable manufacturing overhead $279, 705
Fixed manufacturing overhead $482, 250
Sales for the year $1,277,750
Variable selling and administrative expenses $158,710
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $212,190
Income Statement under variable costing:
Sales for the year $1,277,750
Variable cost of goods sold $559,520
Variable selling and administrative expenses $158,710
Total variable costs $718,230
Contribution margin $559,520
Fixed manufacturing overhead $482,250
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $212,190
Total fixed costs $694,440
Net operating loss $134,920
Direct materials $234, 695
Direct labor $154, 320
Variable manufacturing overhead $279, 705
Total variable manufacturing cost $668,720
Production units = 32,150
Unit costs = $20.60
Cost of goods sold = $559,520 ($20.80 * 26,900)
Income Statement under absorption costing:
Sales for the year $1,277,750
Cost of goods sold $963,020
Gross profit $314,730
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $212,190
Variable selling and administrative expenses $158,710
Total fixed costs $370,900
Net operating loss $56,170
Direct materials $234, 695
Direct labor $154, 320
Variable manufacturing overhead $279, 705
Fixed manufacturing overhead $482, 250
Total manufacturing costs $1,150,970
Production units = 32,150
Cost per unit = $35.80
Cost of goods sold = $963,020 ($35.80 * 26,900)
Difference = $78,750 ($134,920 - $56,170)
Use the following information for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Supplies $1,500
Service revenue $19,000
Other operating expenses 10,000
Cash 15,000
Accounts payable 11,000
Dividends 6,000
Accounts receivable 4,000
Notes payable 1,000
Common stock 10,000
Equipment 9,500
Retained earnings (beginning) 5,000
Calculate the following:
a. Net income / (net loss)
b. Ending retained earnings
c. Total assets
Answer:
a. $9,000
b. $8,000
c. $30,000
Explanation:
a. Calculation to determine the Net income / (net loss)
Using this formula
Net Income = Revenues - Operating Expenses
Let plug in the morning
Net Income = $19,000 - $10,000
Net Income = $9,000
Therefore the Net income is $9,000
b. Calculation to determine Ending Retained Earnings
Using this formula
Ending Retained Earnings = Retained Earnings at the beginning + Net Income - Dividends paid
Let plug in the morning
Ending Retained Earnings = $5,000 + $9,000 - $6,000
Ending Retained Earnings = $8,000
Therefore Ending Retained Earnings $8,000
c. Calculation to determine the Total Assets
Using this formula
Total Assets = Supplies + Accounts receivables + cash + Equipments
Let plug in the formula
Total Assets = $1,500 + $4,000 + $15,000 + $9,500
Total Assets = $30,000
Therefore Total assets is $30,000
Rolando, a senior employee, has been asked to monitor the activities of some new employees and report to her if he finds them engaged in activities that are not work related. He finds them spending far too much time on social networking sites. However, instead of reporting this, he advises the new employees to refrain from using those sites in the future. Moreover, he tells Alexa that they were doing their work effectively. In this scenario, Rolando has engaged in
Answer:
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about Rolando, who is a senior employee, has been asked to monitor the activities of some new employees and report to her if he finds them engaged in activities that are not work related. He finds them spending far too much time on social networking sites. However, instead of reporting this, he advises the new employees to refrain from using those sites in the future. Moreover, he tells Alexa that they were doing their work effectively. In this scenario, Rolando has engaged in Filtering.
Filtering can be regarded as distortion as well as withholding of information so that reactions of a person or entity can be managed. It can be explained as process whereby some information is been hide to higher rank workers by
employee, whereby this is done so that
employees that committed a fault is not affected. Filtering serves as an act that middle-range workers can take to give
enough confidence to their surbodinates so that they can correct themselves which is alternative of punishing them.
