On November 29, 1937, several individuals gathered at the headquarters of the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) in Jersey City, New Jersey to initiate a recruitment drive and discuss the National Labor Relations Act. Acting on the orders of Mayor Frank Hague, police seized the group's recruitment materials and refused to allow the meeting to take place. Hague argued that he was enforcing a 1930 city ordinance that forbade gatherings of groups that advocated obstruction of the government by unlawful means. Hague referred to CIO members as "communists." Arguing that the ordinance violated the First Amendment protection of freedom of assembly, the group filed suit against several city officials, including Hague. A district court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit agreed and invalidated the ordinance. In Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939), the Supreme Court concluded that the actions taken by police clearly violated the First Amendment as it applied to the states. "Citizenship of the United States would be little better than a name if it did not carry with it the right to discuss national legislation and the benefits, advantages, and opportunities to accrue to citizens therefrom." Relying on the Court's previous ruling in the Slaughter House Cases, Justice Roberts wrote that freedom of assembly is "a privilege inherent in citizenship of the United States" and that no "contrary view has ever been voiced" by the Court. Source: Oyez, Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939) Identify a constitutional provision that is common to both Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939) and Schenck v. United States (1919). Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization led to a different holding than the holding in Schenck v. United States. Explain how an interest group could use the holding in Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization to further its agenda.

The First Amendment's ability to assemble was infringed, the Supreme Court found, by forbidding a group of individuals from organizing political gatherings in a public space.

When it secured the right of access to public spaces for citizens engaging in free speech and free assembly, the case helped establish the precedent for what is now known as the public forum doctrine.

The question in Hague was whether the First and Fourteenth Amendments were violated by a Jersey City ordinance that forbade a group of residents from gathering in a public space.

To talk about and hand out literature about the National Labor Relations Act without a permission. The group was described as “communist” and a threat to the city by Mayor Frank Hague.

Therefore,  A method used by courts to assess the constitutionality of speech restrictions implemented on government property.

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