Mrs T is a 45 yr old female who reports frequent heartburn and regurgitation of acid into her mouth for the past 3 months. There is no change in her usual eating habits, or in her weight. She has no problem with swallowing, food getting stuck, or respiratory issues. There is no abdominal pain. She has tried taking over the counter antacids, such as calcium carbonate (Tums), with only a little relief.

Physical:
Body Mass index (BMI) is 28. She is alert and well-nourished. Exam including oropharynx, neck, chest and abdomen are normal.

Answer the following questions based on the scenario and article above.

a. Outline the path that a bolus of food would take from the mouth to the duodenum. This should include any sphincters.
b. Describe the digestive function of each of the areas of the upper GI tract that are mentioned in Q1.
c. Describe the anatomical problem that causes gastroesophageal reflux.
d. Research to find out the names of 2 medications that are used to treat GERD.
e. How do each of these medications work to relieve symptoms?

Answers

Answer 1

Solution :

a). The path from mouth to the duodenum is :

Oral cavity ----  Oropharynx  ----   Laryngopharynx  ----   Esophagus  ----  lower esophageal sphincter  ---   Stomach   ----   Pyloric sphincter    ----  Duodenum.

b). The digestive functions of the organs are :

ORAL CAVITY

The saliva in the oral cavity or the mouth keeps the mouth mist and it helps in food digestion. The salivary amylase converts the stretch into the maltose.

STOMACH

The stomach produces acidic pH and it helps to break the proteins in the food by the enzyme, Pepsinogen.

DUODENUM

In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with the enzyme, bile and the pancreatic juice which helps in digestion.

c). In the gastroesophageal reflux, the lower sphincter does not function properly and that is why the gastric content that contains the acid and the pepsin regurgitate into the end of lower esophageal. This area is not an acid resistant, so the ulceration takes place.

d). Elevation of a head-end of the patient's bed, so that the gravity stops in  the upward motion of the esophageal contents. The potent acid inhibiting agents like the Omeprazole.


Related Questions

Read the following excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, and read
the question that follows. "- Such has been the patient sufferance of
these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to
alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having
in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these
States." Based on the Declaration of Independence, how would the patriots
describe King George Ill?
A. Out of touch with the colonies
B. Terrifying
C. As a tyrant
D. As an ally

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

They are all true to one degree or another except D. The worst of them is contained

in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these  States.

In other words, the worst crime of all was the fact that the British Government had established George III as an undemocratic unapproachable Lord and Master over the colonies, and the Declaration liked that least of all.

Alguien que me ayude por favor

Answers

La respuesta correcta para esta pregunta abierta es la siguiente.

Aunque no se anexan opciones o incisos para responder, podemos decir lo siguiente.

Aspectos positivos.

1.- La comunicación es vital para poderse relacionar en lo familiar, social, y laboral.

2.- La comunicación genera entendimiento entre las personas.

3.- La comunicación establecida de manera oportunidad evita o elimina chismes y rumores.

Aspectos negativos.

1.- La comunicación se bloquea cuando una de las partes -emisor o receptor no es honesto y dice mentiras.

2.- La comunicación desvirtúa cuando diferentes "ruidos" interfieren y distorsionan las ideas transmitidas.

3.- Si no hay retroalimentación o "feed back," la comunicación se mal interpreta o se genera desinformación.

La comunicación es vital para que los seres humanos se entienden en sociedad, en el seno familiar y en el ambiente laboral. Si no hay una buena comunicación, la gente no puede entenderse o mantenerse informada.

Dentro de una Organización, la jerarquía organizacional debe ser la primera en fomentar al comunicación en todo los sentidos: ascendente, descendente, y horizontal.

About Turkey, Israel and Iran, which of the following statement is true A. These countries are not members of Arab League B. These countries are not in the map of West Asia. C. Arabic is the native language of these countries D. None of the above​

Answers

Answer:

c.Arabic is the native language of these countries

The answer is A. These countries are not members of the Arab League

List some rights of children and explain each in brief.​

Answers

Answer:

right to food . they also need food to survive.

right to education . if we don't read then we can't get any job.

right to information. if we don't say anything then we never get justice

right to justic. if we don't say anything then we can't get justice.

When we are considering AU and are thinking about how the utility gained by the majority could outweigh the disutility suffered by the minority, we are talking about a problem that deals with justice and human rights.
A. True
B. False

Answers

Answer:

B. False

Explanation:

Act Utilitarianism(AU) refers to ethical utility theory which is based on satisfaction or gain to the most people. In other words, if an action or inaction brings happiness to the largest amount of people possible(doesn't necessarily have to be everyone) then it is considered morally right. Therefore, while this theory is morally focused, satisfaction does not necessarily need to be about justice or human rights. For instance, it could be about giving generously to the greatest number of people.

Identify how the positive aspects of specific learning difficulties can benefit individuals in society

Answers

Answer: it can benifit people in society because learning a specific thing can help u know lots about it abd be able to remember everthing about it

Explanation:

A researcher asks participants to either write about a time they felt happy or write about a time they felt sad. The participant then rates their current level of happiness. The researcher finds that those who wrote about a happy memory are happier currently than those who wrote about an unhappy memory. What test should the researcher run on this data set

Answers

The test that is right for the researcher to run this data set is independent samples t-test

For better understanding of why the test should be run on independent samples t-test, we need to understand what the term is and when it is been used.

An independent samples t-test  is often used by a researcher who is trying to compare two groups of scores from two entirely or oddly separate groups of people.  The data used in this type of t test is always from two separate groups (time they felt happy-happy memory and a time they felt sad-unhappy memory) and then the comparison of the difference between them is done.It is also called between-subjects t-test.

Conclusively, from the above, we can therefore say that the test that is right for the researcher to run this data set is independent samples t-test.

Learn more about independent samples t-test from:

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What are the foundations for building society in your view?​

Answers

Answer:

abhshshshshhd jwjjsjsjskkskskskks

The Assertion that, non formal institutions have no role to play in the processing stage at the system theory is an empty rhetoric​

Answers

Answer:

happy friend ship day

bạn hỏi một mẫu gồm 27 sinh viên trong một ký túc xá cụ thể trong khuôn viên trường về niềm tin tôn giáo của họ và sử dụng thông tin này để khái quát về tất cả sinh viên trong ký túc xá. trong tình huống nghiên cứu này mệnh đề nào là phù hợp

Answers

suggest a measure to increase the number of skilled human resources

Johanna wants to start a blog about her experiences as an online adult learner. When deciding whether to make her blog anonymous or to use her given name, Johanna should consider what a potential __________ might think about the blog.

Answers

Answer:

Johanna should consider what a potential _____employers_____ might think about the blog.

Explanation:

Hiring managers and employers may be attracted to Johanna after reviewing her blogs.  Therefore, there are employment security risks and opportunities which Johanna must consider in deciding whether to make her blog anonymous or not.  Blogs, no doubt, provide opportunities for online interactions and sharing of knowledge.  Johanna can use her blogs to propel her LinkedIn profile to limelight.  She can also use the blogs to blot her chances of being given job interviews.  The use of her name should be a balancing act, depending on how she balances her online presence and perspectives.

what are the problems of drinking water in nepal? suggest the possible measures to solve it? In points​

Answers

Answer:

Nepal faces a high number of water-borne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, gastroenteritis and cholera. Starting with the dry season in the month of March to the end of the rainy season in September, one is extremely vulnerable to waterborne illnesses.

Answer:

Answer: Rainwater harvesting has been used

to help solve this problem but current systems

can have water quality issues. NEWAH is a

non- governmental organisation that promotes

hygiene & sanitation and is working towards

clean drinking water for all.

Explanation:

If it helps you mark me as a brainleast

How can you keep yourself away from such social problems ?Mention any four aways answer.​

Answers

Answer:

the best you can do is spread awareness.we can't change world but we can change ourselves.

the more clarity we get the better we become not just for ourselves but for also for people around us.

pay aur bills meet our obligations.

by geeting clarity our perception of things broadens and we can deal with issues holisticay addressing the causes not just the symptoms

Answer:

by proper education and skills development

by involving in social organisations like clubs and welfare communities

by self-discipline

maintain good health practises

Explanation:

e. Heat is transferred in liquids by________________________

plz i dont wanna get grounded

Answers

Answer:

by convection

Explanation:

it happens when particles with a lot of heat energy in

liquids or gas move and take the place of particles

with less energy.

Explain the theory of bootleggers and Baptists​

Answers

Answer:

Assuming you mean the connection between the two, Bapstists were one of the religious groups to really start to fight the disconnect and disaster that acohol caused in families, they were avid against the liquid, hoping to destroy it, naturally making them enemies of the bootleggers, ( people that smuggled aocohol )

Explanation:

Chủ nghĩa tư bản độc quyền ra đời sẽ:
A. Thủ tiêu cạnh tranh
B. Cạnh tranh trở nên gay gắt hơn
C. Xóa bỏ mâu thuẫn giữa lực lượng sản xuất và quan hệ sản xuất trong chủ nghĩa tư bản
D. Xóa bỏ khủng hoảng kinh tế

Answers

Answer:

ask in English then I can help u

take an interview of your parents about the difficulties faced during the pandemic while running their household activities.plz answer correctly it is my project work.​

Answers

Answer:

frequently disinfection

difficult to disinfect food items

having to pay more attention to child

high waste  and difficult to keep home orderly as most family members often stay at home

Explanation:

Iceland gets a lot of cold winds from the north. The average temperature in Iceland is between 10 and 15 degrees Celsius. What is the climate zone ​

Answers

Iceland has two main climate zones polar and temperate.

Must click thanks and mark brainliest

simple meaning of social rituals .​

Answers

Answer:

the habitual activities that structure the lives of communities and groups.

Explanation:

(hope you like it)

Answer:

Social practices, rituals and festive events are habitual activities that structure the lives of communities and groups and that are shared by and relevant to many of their members. ... Rituals and festive events often take place at special times and places and remind a community of aspects of its worldview and history.

Which of the following best describes most of the climate and geography of Egypt?
A. Mountainous
B. Barren
C. Rich
D. Plentiful

Answers

Answer:

C. Barren

Explanation:

The climate of Egypt is scorching hot because of the desert, as it has dry summers and mild winters. The desert surrounding the ancient Egyptians is barren and hot.  The geography of the ancient Egyptians allowed Egyptians to live all along the Nile River. The places closer to the delta allowed them to irrigate and access water.

Hàm lợi ích của một người tiêu dùng có dạng U(X,Y) = 2X0,4Y0,6. Thu nhập trung bình hàng tháng của người tiêu dùng là M = 2.000$. Giá của hàng hóa X và Y lần lượt là PX = 5$, PY = 10$.

a. Sử dụng phương pháp Bàng quan - Ngân sách để xác định kết hợp tiêu dùng tối ưu.

b. Vẽ đồ thị

Answers

Answer:

Giải trình:234565678901ndahijeinudimxk jeinudimxkxjwdnisoah

2. What weakness and what strength is coronavirus exposing our society ?
Please someone’s answer this question for me I have teen court I need help please or I’m going back to court next week

Answers

Th el weakness is that people are dying and the strength is that we’re staying safe and now wit strict rules by the president and government

Which groups' main disagreement at the framing was over the basis of representation in Congress?
Group of answer choices

small states and large states

populists and elitists

states' rights advocates and advocates for strong national government

the North and the South

Answers

Answer:

small states and large states

Explanation:

New Jersey wanted equal amounts (ended up as Senate), but Virginia wanted population-based representation (ended up as House). Connecticut or Great Compromise came up with the United States' current style of Congressional government, which incorporates elements from both plans. :)

Discuss the assertion that non-formal institutions have no role to play at the processing stage of the systems theory is an empty rhetoric.

Answers

Answer:

The assertion occurs when non normal institutions who want to work are unable to find work, which reduces economic productivity. However, Institutions still need care. High institutions levels are a sign of economic stress, but the lowest processing stage levels can be a sign of overheating. Unemployment can be classified as a structural or institutional cycle. Assertion data is collected and published by government agencies in various ways.

Explanation:

bell hooks describes how women's studies programs became a fruitful site for feminist thinking and theorizing, exposing and often converting masses of students to feminist ways of thinking about the world. However, there were some costs that she describes as well. What are some of the problems she points out with this shift?
a. general audiences were neglected an important site for mobilizing
b. elitist, jargony language discouraged popular reading of feminist texts
c. feminist movements were deradicalized and depoliticized as they joined university bureaucracies
d. the experiences of privileged class women were for a time favored in feminist theorizing
e. all of the above

Answers

Bell Hooks noted that elitist, jargony language discouraged popular reading of feminist texts.

Bell Hooks noted that even though women's studies programs were doing some good work in educating the masses on women's rights and feminist ideals, more work could be done when it came to feminist texts.

Ms. Hooks believed that these texts were usually full of unnecessarily complicated text that could be described as jargon and was elitist in tone as it praised women past the point of equality and instead placed them on a pedestal.

Ms. Hooks believed that this was a big reason for feminist texts not making for very popular reading.

More information on Bell Hooks and her ideas on feminism can be found at https://brainly.com/question/24280457.

Why Is Nepal divided into 77districts​

Answers

Answer:

Nepal is divided into 77 districts because lot of population is increasing day by day and they are living in a single district among them and calling various names of district.

write the solutions to eliminate the social problems and evils?​

Answers

Social problems and evils can be minimized in many ways the first foremost is making people educated and can also be by making strong laws by the government against them

A psychologist is interested in exploring the effect of tutorial support on students academic performance and assign students into two groups.students in group one get the tutorial support and those in group two do not.In this example,what is the dependent variable,independent variable,control group and experimental group?

Answers

Answer:

In this experiment, the independent variable is caffeine. The participants will be divided into two groups - one group will be given a cup of ... The dependent variable is the score on the memory test.

Que es seguridad ciudadana

Answers

Respuesta corta: Acciones dirigidas para garantizar protección de los ciudadanos.

Explanation

La seguridad ciudadana es un concepto que se refiere a las acciones dirigidas para garantizar la protección universal de los ciudadanos. En especial, la seguridad ciudadana se enfoca en evitar todo tipo de delitos violentos relacionados con la inseguridad, la violencia, la guerra, los disturbios, con el propósito de garantizar derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos como la vida, libertad y propiedad privada. Un ejemplo de la seguridad ciudadana es la vigilancia constante de la policía en las calles para evitar que se comentan delitos.

Lee is in customer service. How can she best support her internal customer, Dan? O al Prioritize other tasks and customers O b) Ask him a lot of personal questions O c) Give him her full attention when he's speaking O d) Check with him before completing basic tasks

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

No costumer support has ever been good but this might be the right 1

Lee is in customer service. She can give him her full attention when he's speaking .

What is customer service?

Customer service is the assistance you provide to your clients to make their interactions with you simple and joyful, both before and after they purchase and utilize your goods or services.

Customer service refers to the help and guidance a business offers to consumers who purchase or utilize its goods or services. Customer service standards vary by industry, but ultimately, the goal of a well-performed service is to boost profits.

Essentially, the three "p"s of professionalism, patience, and a "people-first" mindset are the three key components of good customer service. Although each customer's needs are different, as long as you're adhering to these guidelines

To learn more about customer service

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