Loss of atmospheric ozone has led to an ozone "hole" over Antarctica. The process occurs in part by three consecutive reactions. (Each of the reactants and products in these reactions are gases.)
(1) Chlorine atoms react with ozone (O3) to form chlorine monoxide and molecular oxygen.
(2) Chlorine monoxide forms ClOOCl.
(3) ClOOCl absorbs sunlight and breaks into chlorine atoms and molecular oxygen. If the coefficient for a particular substance is "1", do not write the "1" in the balanced equation. For example, instead of writing "1Cl(g)", simply write "Cl(g)".
(a) Write a balanced equation for each step, including the state of each molecule.
(b) Write an overall balanced equation for the sequence.

Answers

Answer 1

Ozone O₃ consists of a strong reactive gas made up of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone occurs on the Earth as natural and man-made gas.

Ozone impacts life on Earth in positive or harmful ways depending upon its location in the atmosphere.

From the information given, we are to balance the reactant and the product that leads to the formation of Ozone by following each step.

Step 1:

2Cl° + 2O₃           2ClO°        +        2O₂

                          Chlorine               molecular

                          monooxide            oxygen

Step 2:

2ClO°                  ClOOCl

Step 3:

ClOOCl     + sunlight   →    2Cl°      + O₂

(b)

The Overall balanced equation can be expressed as:

2O₃    →    3O₂

Therefore, from the above explanation we can see the step by step process for the balanced equation and the overall balanced equation.

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Related Questions

How many molecules are their in o.5 mole of H2o

Answers

Answer:

There are 6.022x10^23 molecules

Please help me thank you

Answers

Explanation:

increases then decreases

4(a) Why doesn't the water flow out when the hand that presses the cardboard is removed? *

1. water inside glass is lighter
2. there is much water inside the glass
3. cardboard is supported by air pressure
4.
cardboard is strong enough to hold the water

Answers

Air pressure is the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area. ... Because of the air pressure pushing up on the card, the card will stay on the glass and the water will not spill out.

Write a balanced equation for the ionization of hydrochloric acid in water. Assume that hydronium ion is formed. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Be sure to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank.)

Answers

Answer:

HCl(g) + H₂O(l) -> Cl⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

Explanation:

Usually when we have HCl in a lab, it's already dissolved in water. It's just HCl(aq). If we want to look at adding pure HCl, that'll be a gas. We should note that HCl is a strong acid that will break apart completely. One might not say that this is a chemical reaction so much as a dissociation. Strong acids are proton donors and form hydronium cations in aqueous solution.

The balanced equation for the ionization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water, forming hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) is:

HCl(aq) + H₂O(l) → H₃O+(aq) + Cl⁻(aq). The symbol for hydrochloric acid is HCl. H₂O stands for water. The hydronium ion, or H₃O+, is created when the acid HCl gives a proton (H+) to a water molecule.

The chloride ion, which is what's left of the HCl molecule after it's been ionized, is denoted by the symbol Cl-.

The reaction can move both in the forward (ionization) and backward (recombination) directions, according to the double arrow ().

Thus, The balanced equation for the ionization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water, forming hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

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Calculate the amount of heat required to melt 2108 g of water. The enthalpy of fusion of water is ΔHfus=6.010 kJ/mol.

Answers

since the unit for the heat of fusion is kJ/mol, you're going to have to convert the grams into moles in order to cancel out the unit. After that, you can solve like normal.

Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, the amount of heat required to melt 2108 g of water is 703.7kJ.

What is Enthalpy?

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Mathematically,

q = n ×ΔH

where

q = amount of heat=?

ΔH = enthalpy=6.010 kJ/mol

n = no of moles

n = w / M.M

w = given mass

M.M = molar mass

moles of water=2108 g ÷18g/mol

                             =117.1 mol

substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get

q =6.010 kJ/mol ×117.1 mol

    =703.7kJ

Therefore, the amount of heat required to melt 2108 g of water is 703.7kJ.

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The unknown metal ion gave a yellow/orange flame test and no precipitate with ammonium carbonate. What is the unknown metal?

Answers

Answer:

Sodium

Explanation:

Draw out a Simple electro Chemical Symbols in ions​

Answers

Answer:

In redox reactions, electrons are transferred from one species to another. If the reaction is spontaneous, energy is released, which can then be used to do useful work. To harness this energy, the reaction must be split into two separate half reactions: the oxidation and reduction reactions. The reactions are put into two different containers and a wire is used to drive the electrons from one side to the other. In doing so, a Voltaic/ Galvanic Cell is created.

Explanation:

When a redox reaction takes place, electrons are transferred from one species to the other. If the reaction is spontaneous, energy is released, which can be used to do work. Consider the reaction of a solid copper (Cu(s)) in a silver nitrate solution (AgNO3(s)).

he AgNO3(s) dissociates in water to produce Ag+(aq) ions and NO­­−3(aq) ions. The NO3-(aq) ions can be ignored since they are spectator ions and do not participate in the reaction. In this reaction, a copper electrode is placed into a solution containing silver ions. The Ag+(aq) will readily oxidize Cu(s) resulting in Cu2+(aq), while reducing itself to Ag(s).

This reaction releases energy. When the copper electrode solid is placed directly into a silver nitrate solution, however, the energy is lost as heat and cannot be used to do work. In order to harness this energy and use it do useful work, we must split the reaction into two separate half reactions; The oxidation and reduction reactions. A wire connects the two reactions and allows electrons to flow from one side to the other. In doing so, we have created a Voltaic/ Galvanic Cell.

Hello I need help please

Answers

Answer:

A is the answer hope this helps if wrong I ont know

what is the chemical formula of (Sodium hydroxide ) ??​

Answers

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what is the chemical formula of (Sodium hydroxide ) ??

⚘ NaOHSodium hydroxide, Sodium oxidanide

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Answer:

The formula of Sodinm hydroxide is NaOH

Hope it helps

How does the state of matter affect the behavior of molecules?

Answers

Answer:

The behavior of molecules in different phases of matter represents a balance between the kinetic energies of the molecules and the attractive forces between them. All molecules are attracted to each other. The molecules are in the solid-state. At higher temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is higher.

Molecules are the various elements linked together and are present in the matter. The molecules in different phases of matter are represented by kinetic energies and attractive forces.

What is the kinetic molecular theory of matter?

The kinetic molecular theory of matter elucidates the composition of the matter of particles of tiny size. The theory explains matter like gas, liquids, and solids.

The different states of matter explain the constant movement and negligible intermolecular force and volume of the particles. The particle matter is said to undergo elastic collision.

The molecules of solids have low kinetic energy whereas the molecules of liquids and gases show high kinetic energy as the particles are placed at larger distances.

Therefore, the state of matter affects the behavior of molecules.

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If the PH is 5.85.how do I calculate for an acid ?[H^+] ​

Answers

Answer:

if its under 7 then it's an acid you neek over 7 is alkaline

Pls help 10 points
Plsplsplspslspslspslsspsls

Answers

C and D is the answer
D is the right option

Explanation:
Jupiter has many moons...

Al(s) + NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)3(s) + Na+(aq) displacement, or decomposition.

Answers

Answer:

Displacement

Explanation:

OH- in the reactant side of the reaction has switched from Na+ to Al 3+ in the product side. Decomposition is where a compound from the reactant side of the reaction would dissolve into elements in the product side, but that's not the case in this example.

1. A substance with 1 or 2 electrons in the valence shell is called what?

A. Insulator

B. Conductor

C. Molecule

D. Semiconductor

Answers

Answer:

B. Conductor

Explanation:

What is the identity of the element? Help please

Answers

Answer:

10

Explanation:

The identity of an element refers to the specific element that is being referred to. The identity of the element is phosphorus (P).

To determine the identity of the element based on the given idealized PES (Photoelectron Spectroscopy) spectrum, we need to examine the pattern of relative number of electrons vs. energy levels.

The PES spectrum shows the relative number of electrons at different energy levels, and it is usually plotted with the relative number of electrons on the y-axis and the energy levels on the x-axis.

From the given data, we can see that there are three peaks with the following approximate values:

Energy (MJ/mol): ~1000, Relative number of electrons: ~1000

Energy (MJ/mol): ~100, Relative number of electrons: ~100

Energy (MJ/mol): ~10, Relative number of electrons: ~10

Based on this information, we can infer that the element has three distinct electron energy levels or subshells with approximately 1000, 100, and 10 electrons each.

To identify the element, we need to consider the electron configuration of elements in the periodic table and find an element that has three energy levels or subshells with roughly the same number of electrons.

The element that matches this pattern is phosphorus (P), which has the electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³. This configuration has 2 electrons in the 1st energy level (1s²), 8 electrons in the 2nd energy level (2s² 2p⁶), and 5 electrons in the 3rd energy level (3s² 3p³). The numbers are not exact matches, but they are relatively close to the given values in the PES spectrum.

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What is the main difference between dew and clouds?

Answers

Answer:

dew is wet and clouds are not

Explanation:

Fog is a type of thick cloud that appears very close or at the earth's surface. However, its thickness may not be consistent throughout the surface. There could be some patches. Dew, on the other hand, is the condensation that forms on the earth's surface, often visible on twigs, leaves, grass and metal surfaces.

What is the voltage for the equation CuCl2+Zn—> ZnCl2+Cu?

Answers

-1.1 Volt

this is called a standard Zinc-Copper cell potential

The standard voltage for the equation CuCl₂ + Zn —> ZnCl₂ + Cu is -1.1 Vol.

What is voltage?

Voltage is the pressure of the charged electrons in an electric circuit which pushes the electrons towards the switch, which makes the light illuminate. By Ohm's law, voltage is equal to current x resistance.

V = IR

The reaction is CuCl₂ + Zn —> ZnCl₂ + Cu, which means it is a dry cell battery, where the anode, zinc reacts with chloride that is the cathode. In the dry battery cell, the chemical energy is stored in it, which converts into electrical energy.

The voltage will be minimum, which is -1.1. The liquid battery cells or the electric fittings in our house contain high voltages because it gets direct current, but dry battery cells contain minimum amount of voltage and it is used to operate small objects.

Thus, the standard voltage will be -1.1 Vol.

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what is a cavity in your own words

Answers

Answer:

A cavity is a hole in a tooth that develops from tooth decay Cavities are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes .They are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your teeth well.

these are in my own words

Which of the following is more soluble in water, methanol (CH3OH), or CH2I2(l).

Answers

Answer:

CH3OH

Explanation:

has hydroxide ions

Solubility has been the property of the substance to get dissolved to form the solution. Methanol (CH₃OH) is more soluble in water than Diiodomethane (CH₂I₂).

What is solubility?

Solubility is best defined as the capability of the substance to get dissolved or dissociated into a solvent for the formation of the solution at a given temperature. The solubility of the various substances varies and is an important part of the mixture and solution.

Solubility in water has been the measure of the solute to get dissolved in water. The pressure and the temperature of the system directly affect the solubility of any substance in a solvent. Water is a polar molecule with hydrogen bonds in a great solvent that dissolves almost all the molecules like salt, sugar, etc.

Methanol is soluble in water as it contains hydrogen bonds as the intermolecular forces that interact with the polar water molecule by the virtue of the hydroxide and the hydrogen ions that show the molecular attraction and allows the molecule to get dissolved.

Therefore, methanol is soluble in water.

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Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know is called a. observing. c. predicting. b. inferring. d. classifying.

Answers

The answer is b. inferring

Answer:

B. inferring

Explanation:

a 2.00 mL sample of a substance A has a density of 18.4g/mL and a 5.00 mL sample of substance B has a density of 35.5g/mL. do you have an equal mass of substances A and b?

this question made my brain hurt. please explain :(

Answers

Answer:

no

Explanation:

make use of this formula to find the mass of each sample.

m=density*volume

which statement correctly contrasts science and psuedoscience

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is Science is objective, whereas pseudoscience is subjective. Pseudoscience includes beliefs, theories, or practices that have been or are considered scientific, but have no basis in scientific fact. This could mean they were disproved scientifically, can't be tested or lack evidence to support them.

Explanation:

hope its help

thank you

Please help thank you (15 points)

Answers

Answer:

D. The sun has less gravitational pull on Pluto because it is farther away.

Where does water pollution come from

Answers

The water pollution comes from trash

Answer:Water pollution can come from a variety of sources. Pollution can enter water directly, through both legal and illegal discharges from factories, for example, or imperfect water treatment plants. Spills and leaks from oil pipelines or hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations can degrade water supplies.

Explanation:

How many centimeters are there in 5.44 meters?

Answers

Answer:

544 cm!

I hope this helped.

Answer:

The answer of your question is 544 cm

Explanation:

5.44 × 100

544 cm

True or False
A sphere is a group of parts that work together as a whole.

Answers

false
hope this helps :)

False is the correct answer.

The temperature of 150 mL of water is 25°C. What must happen for the temperature of the
water to increase to 35°C?
A. Thermal energy must be transferred to the water to increase the average kinetic
energy of the water molecules.
B. Thermal energy must be transferred from the water to decrease the average
kinetic energy of the water molecules.
C. Water must be removed to decrease the thermal energy.
D. More water must be added to increase the thermal energy.

Answers

Answer:D

Explanation:

Equal masses of five unknown non-electrolytes are dissolved in water and the boiling point elevations are measured. Rank the following non-electrolytes from highest to lowest molar mass.
A. Boiling point of D (aq) = 103.2 degree C
B. Boiling point of A (aq) = 102.4 degree C
C. Boiling point of E (aq) = 101.3 degree C
D. Boiling point of B (aq) = 101.9 degree C
E. Boiling point of C (aq) = 100.5 degree C

Answers

Not sure but good luck

Salt water has a density of 1.183g/mL. A ball has a density of 0.0134 g/mL. Will the ball float or sink?

Answers

The ball will float as it’s density is less than the salt water.

9. SI base units used in chemistry include
A. kilograms, liters, inches, and moles.
B. pounds, gallons, moles, and Fahrenheit.
C. kilograms, seconds, moles, and Kelvin.
D. pounds, gallons, moles, and Celsius.

Answers

Answer:

C. kilograms, seconds, moles, and Kelvin

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