Answer:
c. $2,377,778
Explanation:
Recording the entire cost as expense would have understated Retained Earnings by $3,000,000
Annual Depreciation on machine = Purchase cost - Residual value / Useful life
= ($3,000,000 - $200,000) / 9
= $311,111
Depreciation would have been recorded for $622222 for 2 years had machinery been correctly recorded ($311,111 * 2) = $622,222
On December 20, 2018, the net understatement of Retained Earnings = $3,000,000 - $622,222
= $2,377,778
Media selection problems can maximize exposure quality and use number of customers reached as a constraint, or maximize the number of customers reached and use exposure quality as a constraint.
A. True
B. False
Media selection problems can maximize exposure quality and use the number of customers reached as a constraint, or maximize the number of customers reached and use exposure quality as a constraint. Thus the statement is True.
What is Media?Media is referred to as a medium of communication used to exchange information about events happening in the world. This provides information about the issues and challenges rising in the world and creates awareness among the public.
These issues can utilize the number of customers reached as a limitation and can enhance exposure quality by determining how commonly to use each media source. The value of the objective function will be modified by the dual price sum of the restrictions.
Therefore, the statement is True.
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Steel Tariffs Appear to Have Backfired on Bush
President Bush set aside his free-trade principles last year and imposed heavy tariffs on imported steel to help out struggling mills in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Some economists say the tariffs may have cost more jobs than they saved, by driving up costs for automakers and other steel users.
Source: The Washington Post, September 19, 2003
Explain how a high tariff on steel imports can help domestic steel producers.
Explain how a high tariff on steel imports can harm steel users.
When a high tariff is placed on steel imports, U.S. steel producers produce______steel and they pay a ________price.
A. less; higher
B. more; lower
C. less; lower
D. more; higher
Answer:
Steel industry in the United States of America has had its up and down over the years. this is especially going by the fact that it is cheaper to import steel from outside America than to buy those produced in U.S. However, high tariff on steel import would enable the domestic steel producers to meet their obligation as well as recoup their investments in the steel industry in U.S.
For example, most construction based organisation would prefer to buy from domestic steel producer if the price and tariff of imported ones makes it extremely difficult to purchase.
On the other-hand, the high tariff placed on steel import could also harm steel users due to the fact that, the quality of steel which they buy from outside U.S would no longer be available to them.
Also, they would be forced to buy at whatever price from domestic producers whether they had need for the steel or not due to high tariff on imported ones.
When a high tariff is placed on steel imports, U.S. steel producers produce more steel and they pay a higher price.
Answer: D. more; higher
Explanation:
Solve the consumer’s problem for John’s optimal demand for Germ-X and Purell. (You should find actual numbers representing the quantity of Germ-X chosen and the quantity of
Answer:
Hello your question is incomplete below is the missing part and the needed diagram
suppose John is shopping and has $20 to spend on hand sanitizer. He can go with Germ-X (G) at $1 per fluid ounce (pG=1), or he can purchase purell (P) at $1.25 per fluid ounce (Pp=1.25). His utility function for the two different hand sanitizers is as follows:
U = G +1.1P
where G and P are measured in fluid ounces.
Solve the consumer’s problem for John’s optimal demand for Germ-X and Purell. (You should find actual numbers representing the quantity of Germ-X chosen and the quantity of purell chosen
ANSWER: The solution = (Germ-x,Purell ) = (20,0).
Explanation:
The consumers problem for John's optimal demand for Germ-x and Purell as seen in the diagram can solved by John going maximizing his utility given the constraint of the budget,
that means that John will purchase/spend the constrained budget of ($20) on Germ-x since the unit price of Germ X is at $1 while Purell's unit price is at $1.25 per fluid ounce
Karya Company produces a handcrafted musical instrument called a gamelan. The gamelans are sold for a unit price of $839 Selected data for the company's operations last year follow: Units in beginning inventory 0 Unit produced 11,000 Units sold 7,000 Variable cost per unit: Direct materials $150 Direct labor $450 Variable manufacturing overhead $47 Variable selling and administrative $19 Fixed costs: Fixed manufacutring overhead $790,000 Fixed selling and administrative $620,000 What are the unit product costs under absorption and variable costing system
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Unit produced 11,000
Variable cost per unit:
Direct materials $150
Direct labor $450
Variable manufacturing overhead $47
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $790,000
The absorption costing method includes all costs related to production, both fixed and variable. The unit product cost is calculated using direct material, direct labor, and total unitary manufacturing overhead.
The variable costing method incorporates all variable production costs (direct material, direct labor, and variable overhead).
Variable costing:
Unitary cost= 150 + 450 + 47= $647
Absorption costing:
Unitary fixed overhead= 790,000/11,000= $71.82
Unitary cost= 647 + 71.82= $718.82
Project A Project B
Time 0 -10,000 -5,000
Time 1 4,000 3,000
Time 2 3,000 2,000
Time 3 10,000 2,000
If WiseGuy Inc. uses payback period rule to choose projects, which of the projects (Project A or Project B) will rank highest?
a) Project A
b) Project B
c) Project A and B have the same ranking
d) Cannot calculate a payback period without a discount rate
Answer: b) Project B
Explanation:
Payback period works by checking how long it will take a project to pay back the initial amount invested in it. Project A.
Project A
Payback Period = Year before Payback happens + Amount left till payback/Cash inflow in year of payback
= Time 1 + Time 2
= 4,000 + 3,000
= $7,000
This amount is not enough to cover the investment of $10,000 so the investment will be paid in Time 3 and remains $3,000.
= 2 + 3,000/10,000
= 2.3 Times
Project B
= Time 1 + Time 2
= 3,000 + 2,000
= $5,000
At the end of Time 2, Project B has paid off its initial investment of $5,000. Its Payback period is 2 Times. This is lower than Project A so this project will rank higher.
Draiman Guitars is offering 110,000 shares of stock in an IPO by a general cash offer. The offer price is $39 per share and the underwriter's spread is 8 percent. The administrative costs are $350,000. What are the net proceeds to the company?
Answer:
$3,596,800
Explanation:
The computation of net proceeds to the company is shown below:-
Net proceeds = Number of shares of stock × Offer price × (1 - Underwriter spread percent) - Administrative cost
= 110,000 × $39 × (1- 0.08) - $350,000
= 110,000 × $39 × 0.92 - $350,000
= $3,946,800 - $350,000
= $3,596,800
So, for determining the net proceeds we simply applied the above formula.
Delta Insurance Company has a surplus-share treaty with Eversafe Reinsurance. Delta has a retention limit of $200,000, and nine lines of insurance are ceded to Eversafe. How much will Eversafe pay if a $1,600,000 building insured by Delta suffers an 40 precent loss? 1. A) $600,000 2. B) $700,000 3. C) $720,000 4. D) $800,000
Answer:
Delta is responsible for insuring $200,000 / $1,600,000 = 1/8 of the building
Eversafe is responsible for 1 - 1/8 = 7/8
the loss = $1,600,000 x 40% = $640,000
Delta will pay 1/8 x $640,000 = $80,000
Eversafe will pay $640,000 - $80,000 = $560,000
in order for Eversafe to pay:
$600,000, the total loss = $685,714, or 42.86% of the building$700,000, the total loss = $800,000, or 50% of the building$720,000, the total loss = $822,857, or 51.43% of the building$800,000, the total loss = $914,286, or 57.14% of the buildingInefficient output and price, few choices for consumers, and rent seeking are all problems associated with
Answer: c. Monopolies.
Explanation:
Because Monopolies have no competition, the main incentive to be efficient is missing. This leads to a situation where Monopolies are not as efficient as they are to be in production as well as price because they will charge a price that does not match the optimal quantity associated with that price.
With no or few competition in the market, consumers will not have a lot of choices on entities to source the good from and there is a problem of Rent seeking with Monopolies as well. Rent seeking for monopolies occurs when they charge people above the price they are to charge if they were in a competitive market. They are therefore making more money than they should at the expense of customers.
Jim and Kay Ross contributed to the support of their two children, Dale and Kim, and Jim's widowed parent, Grant. During the year, Dale, a 19-year-old full-time college student, earned $5,500 as a babysitter. Kim, a 23-year-old bank teller, earned $12,000. Grant received $5,000 in dividend income and $4,000 in nontaxable Social Security benefits (dividends, but not social security benefits, will be included in Grant's gross income). Kim and Grant currently reside with Jim and Kay. Dale's main place of residence is with Jim and Kay, and he is currently on a temporary absence to attend school. How many dependents can Jim and Kay claim on their joint income tax return?
Answer: 1 dependent
Explanation:
Only Dale can be claimed as a dependent as he is a qualifying child who is under 24 and is a full time student.
Kim cannot be claimed as a dependent as Kim is above the age of 19. To be a qualifying child for dependency, Kim would have to be less than 19 or less than 24 were Kim a full time student.
Grant also does not qualify as a dependent under the Qualifying relative designation as Grant's gross income of $5,000 exceeds the limit of $4,200 that Grant would have to be making less than in 2019 to be claimed as a qualifying relative.
Current access control rosters should be authenticated by the manager or their designated representative. True False
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
Current Access Control rosters should be authenticated, authorized and accounted for by the manager or their designated representative.
Bio-metrics, Electronic locks, and Smart cards are sensitive data-derivation technologies and since they are applied in a number of sectors - e.g. Telecommunications, Retail, Defense, Healthcare, Hospitality, and Information Technology - current access to devices and software applications should be authenticated by the manager or a designated representative of the manager.
Lindley Corp.'s stock price at the end of last year was $33.50, and its book value per share was $25.00. What was its market/book ratio
Answer:
1.34
Explanation:
Computation for the market/book ratio
Using this formula
Market/book ratio=Stock price/Book value per share
Let plug in the formula
Market/book ratio=$33.50/$25.00
Market/book ratio=1.34
Therefore the Market/book ratio will be 1.34.
How much will be in the Prepaid Insurance account at the end of the year, after the adjusting entries have been prepared and posted
Answer: $8,400
Explanation:
The $9,600 is for 2 years in advance. This can be apportioned per month at a rate of;
= 9,600/24
= $400 per month.
October to the end of the year is 3 months so;
= 400 * 3
= $1,200 will be recorded for the year.
Prepaid Insurance will therefore reduce to;
= 9,600 - 1,200
= $8,400
At the beginning of 2023, the Mackinac Company purchased a machine for $510,000 (salvage value of $60,000) that had a useful life of 6 years. The bookkeeper used straight-line depreciation, but failed to deduct the salvage value in computing the depreciation base. Depreciation has been recorded through 2025. The errors were discovered on 1/10/26; the 2025 books are still open. Correcting journal entries would include what entry to 1/1/25 Retained Earnings?
Answer:
$10,000 credited
Explanation:
DATA
Machine cost = 510,000
Salvage value = $60,000
Useful life = 6 years
Depreciation = $60,000/6years
Depreciation = $10,000
It means that we have overstated depreciation expense for the year with the amount of $10,000.
Retained earnings will be credited by $10,000 As the depreciation expense was overstated mistakenly by $10,000
The face value is $81,000, the stated rate is 10%, and the term of the bond is eight years. The bond pays interest semiannually. At the time of issue, the market rate is 8%. What is the present value of the bond at the market rate?
Present value of $1:
4% 5% 6% 7% 8%
15 0.555 0.481 0.417 0.362 0.315
16 0.534 0.458 0.394 0.339 0.292
17 0.513 0.436 0.371 0.317 0.270
18 0.494 0.416 0.350 0.296 0.250
19 0.475 0.396 0.331 0.277 0.232
a. $91,561
b. $47,773
c. $43,673
d. $84,788
Answer:
The Present Value of the bond at the market rate = $90,438.36
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond can be worked out as follows:
Step 1
PV of interest payments
Semi annul interest payment
= 10% × 81000 × 1/2 = 4050
Semi-annual yield = 8%/2= 4 % per six months
Total period to maturity (in months)
= (2 × 8) = 16 periods (Note the bond term is 8 yeras)
PV of interest = 4050 × (1-1.04^(-16))/0.04 = 47,191.79
Step 2
PV of Redemption Value
Assuming a redemption value equals to the nominal value =
PV of RV = 81,000 × 1.04^-16 = 43,246.56
Step 3 :Total Present Value
Total prent value = 43,246.56 + 47,191.79721 = 90,438.36
The Present Value of the bond at the market rate = $90,438.36
Che MFG Company experiences the following cost behavior patterns each week
Fixed costs: supervisor's salary $1,200; factory rent $2,900
Mixed costs: utilities $1,700+ $5.75 per unit
Variable costs per unit manufacturing labor wages $21.00; supplies used in production $9.00; packaging cost $2.75, warranty cost $4
Required: Compute total costs to be incurred for a week with 2,770 units of activity. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Total cost___________
Answer:
Total cost= $123,525
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Fixed costs: supervisor's salary $1,200; factory rent $2,900
Mixed costs: utilities $1,700+ $5.75 per unit
Variable costs per unit manufacturing labor wages $21.00; supplies used in production $9.00; packaging cost $2.75, warranty cost $4
We need to determine the total cost of 2,770 units:
Total variable cost= 5.75*2,770 + 21*2,770 + 9*2,770 + 2.75*2,770 + 4*2,770
Total variable cost= $117,725
Total fixed costs= 1,200 + 2,900 + 1,700= $5,800
Total cost= 117,725 + 5,800= $123,525
The statement of cash flows reports all but which of the following: Multiple Choice The financial position of the company at the end of the accounting period. Cash flows from financing activities. Cash flows from operating activities. Cash flows from investing activities. Significant noncash financing and investing activities.
Answer:
The financial position of the company at the end of the accounting period.
Explanation:
The cash flow statement is the statement that includes all the cash payment and cash receipts transactions held in the business. There are mainly three types of activities i.e operating activities, investing activities, and the financing activities
Also, it involves Significant noncash financing and investing activities.
but it does not reported the financial position of the business at the end of the accounting period
Hence, the first option is correct
Investing activities on the statement of cash flows generate cash inflows and outflows related to borrowing from and repaying principal to creditors and completing transactions with the company’s owners such as selling or repurchasing shares of common stocks and paying dividends.
A. True
B. False
Answer: False
Explanation:
The cash flow from investing activities is a cash flow section that shows cash generated or the cash that is spent which relates to activities involving investment and this include buying physical assets, the investments in securities, or sale of assets or securities.
Therefore, the above analysis I the question is wrong.
On January 1, 2018, Lizzy's Lemonade issues 5%, 20-year bonds with a face amount of $81,000 for $71,638, priced to yield 6%. Interest is paid semiannually. What amount of interest expense will be recorded on June 30, 2018, the first interest payment date
Answer:
The amount of $2,149.14 will be recorded on June 30, 2018 , the first interest payment date.
Explanation:
The data below were extracted from the above information
Face amount $81,000
rate 5%
Issue price $71,638
Yield 6%
Since we already know that interest is paid semi annually, then ;
Amount of interest expense will be = issue price × yield
= $71,638 × 6% × 1/2
= $2,149.14
Amount of interest expense is therefore $2,149.14, to be recorded on June 30, 2018, the first interest payment date.
_____is the function of coordinating the diverse activities and human resources of a company to produce a smooth-running operation.
a) planning.
b) directing.
c) controlling.
d) accounting.
Answer:
b) directing
Explanation:
The four main management functions are:
planningorganizingdirectingcontrollingOriginally, there were 5 main management functions developed by Henri Fayol (staffing was the fifth one) in the early 20th century. Fayol's management theory is still applied today, although it has been modified and updated.
On July 1, 2017, Lopez Company paid $1,400 for six months of insurance coverage. No adjustments have been made to the Prepaid Insurance account, and it is now December 31, 2017. Zim Company has a Supplies account balance of $5,400 on January 1, 2017. During 2017, it purchased $2,200 of supplies. As of December 31, 2017, a supplies inventory shows $900 of supplies available. Prepare the journal entries to reflect expiration of the insurance and correctly report the balance of the Supplies account and the Supplies Expense account as of December 31, 2017.
Answer:
Lopez Company
the journal entries to record prepaid insurance:
July 1, 2017, 6 months of insurance are prepaid
Dr Prepaid insurance 1,400
Cr Cash 1,400
the adjusting entry made on December 31 to record insurance expense:
December 31, 2017, insurance expense
Dr Insurance expense 1,400
Cr prepaid insurance 1,400
Zim Company
supplies account initial balance $5,400
then it purchased $2,200 worth of supplies during the year
final account balance $900
supplies expense = $5,400 + $2,200 - $900 = $6,700
Adjusting journal entry:
December 31, 2017, supplies expense
Dr Supplies expense 6,700
Cr Supplies 6,700
Ending balances:
Supplies expense account $6,700Supplies account $900This year Burchard Company sold 37,000 units of its only product for $16.40 per unit. Manufacturing and selling the product required $122,000 of fixed manufacturing costs and $182,000 of the fixed selling and administrative costs. It?s per unit variable costs follow.
Material $4.20
Direct labor (paid on the basis of completed units) 3.20
Variable overhead costs 0.42
Variable selling and administrative costs 0.22
Next year the company will use new material, which will reduce material costs by 50% and direct labor costs by 50% and will not affect product quality or marketability. Management is considering an increase in the unit selling price to reduce the number of units sold because the factory's output is nearing its annual output capacity of 42,000 units. Two plans are being considered. Under plan 1, the company will keep the selling price at the current level and sell the same volume as last year. This plan will increase income because of the reduced costs of using the new material. Under plan 2, the company will increase the selling price by 20%. This plan will decrease unit sales volume by 5%. Under both plans 1 and 2, the total fixed costs and the variable costs per unit for overhead and for selling and administrative costs will remain the same.
Required:
1. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for both (a) plan 1 and (b) plan 2.
Per unit Plan 1 Plan 2
Sales
Variable Costs
Material
Direct labor
Variable overhead costs
Variable S&A costs
Total variable costs
Contribution margin
2. Prepare a forecast contribution margin income statement with two columns showing the expected results of plan1 and plan 2. The statements should reports sales, total variable costs, contribution margin, total fixed costs, income before taxes, income taxes (40% rate), and net income.
Answer:
plan 1:
units sold 37,000
sales price per unit $16.40
materials per unit $2.10
direct labor per unit $1.60
variable overhead costs per unit $0.42
variable selling and administrative costs per unit $0.22
fixed manufacturing $122,000
fixed selling and administrative $182,000
plan 2:
units sold 35,150
sales price per unit $19.68
materials per unit $2.10
direct labor per unit $1.60
variable overhead costs per unit $0.42
variable selling and administrative costs per unit $0.22
fixed manufacturing $122,000
fixed selling and administrative $182,000
1) break even points:
Plan 1 = ($304,000) / ($16.40 - $4.34) = 25,207.30 = 25,208 units
Plan 2 = ($304,000) / ($19.68 - $4.34) = 19,817.47 = 19,818 units
2) contribution income statement
Plan 1 Plan 2
Sales revenue $606,800 $691,752
Variable costs:
Production costs $152,440 $144,818
Selling and adm. costs $8,140 $7,733
Contribution margin $446,220 $539,201
Fixed costs:
Manufacturing costs $122,000 $122,000
Selling and adm. costs $182,000 $182,000
Income before taxes $142,220 $235,201
Income taxes $56,888 $94,080
Net income $85,332 $141,121
Labor productivity growth can be attributed to: a. improvement in technology. b. a decline in university attendance. c. an increase in population growth. d. a decline in the physical capital per worker.
Answer:
The answer is A. improvement in technology
Explanation:
Labor productivity growth is not relevant to a decline in university attendance.
Applying the Malthusianism theory, an increase in population growth can't lead to labor productivity growth because while that population growth is potentially exponential, the growth of resources is linear.
Finally, the physical capital per worker is the quantity of equipment and input resources that are used to produce output goods and services. It has no direct influence to the labor productivity growth.
An investor buys a total of 360 shares-year bond with a $1,000 face value for $800. The bond's coupon rate is 8% and interest payments are made semi-annually. Waht are the bond's yield to maturity and effective annual yield?
Answer:
YTM (Annual( = 10.13%
Effective Annual Yield =10.40%
Explanation:
In order to calculate Yield to maturity, we need to use yield to maturity formula.
Formula: Yield to maturity = [C +(F – P)/n]/(F + P)/2
Where,
C = Coupon amount
F = Face value
n = number of periods
P = Current price
Data
C = 1000 x 8 % = 80
C (6months) = 80 x 6/12 = 40
F = $1000
n = 30 years
P = $800
Solution
YTM = 40 + (1000 – 800/30)/(1000 + 800)/2
YTM = 40 + (200/30)/(1800/2 )
YTM = 40 +( 200/30)/900
YTM = 5.068 semiannual
YTM (Annual( = 10.13%
Effective Annual Yield = [tex](\frac{1+0.1014}{2})^{2-1}[/tex]
Effective Annual Yield =10.40%
February 1, 2018, Salisbury Company purchased land for the future factory location at a cost of $112,000. The dilapidated building that was on the property was demolished so that construction could begin on the new factory building. The new factory was completed on November 1, 2018. Costs incurred during this period were: Item Amount Demolition dilapidated building $2,000 Architect Fees $11,250 Legal Fees - for title search $1,450 Interest During Active Construction Period $5,025 Real estate transfer tax $975 Construction Costs $605,000 Using this information, how much should be recorded as the cost of the land?
Answer:
The cost of the land should be recorded as $108,350
Explanation:
Land cost = $112,000
Demolition dilapidated building = $2,200
Legal fees - title search = $1,450
Cost of land = Land cost - Demolition dilapidated building - Legal fees - title search
Cost of land = $112,000 - $2,200 - $1,450
Cost of land = $108,350
The owner of a leased property conveys possession of the property to the tenant providing them with uninterrupted us of the property without interference from the owner. This is known as
Answer:
Quiet enjoyment
Explanation:
Quiet enjoyment is a clause in lease agreement that provides a guarantee that the tenant will occupy the property in peace without interference from any other claimants or the landlord.
For example this clause protects a tenant from being removed from a property by someone of higher rank or authority like an agent.
The law recognises quiet enjoyment even when it is not stated explicitly in a lease agreement. It is assumed that every tenant has a right to quiet enjoyment
Greater pricing power is most likely to result from greater:A. unused capacity.B. market concentration.C. volatility in market share.
Answer:
B. market concentration
Explanation:
The answer is that greater pricing power is most likely to result from greater market concentration because this means that there are few competitors in the market which allows to have more power to establish prices.
The other options are not right because unused capacity indicates that there is a lot of competition in the market which doesn't allow to have the power to establish prices and volatility in market share means that there is not a firm position in the market that allows to have greater pricing power.
Unemployment numbers drop as more jobless Americans find positions in local businesses. Which determinant of aggregate demand causes the change
Answer: Consumer Spending
Explanation:
As more Americans find jobs, they will be able to earn an income. As they do so they will be able to spend more on goods and services in the economy thereby increasing Consumption spending which is the largest determinant of Aggregate Demand.
As a result of this increase in Consumption, Aggregate demand will change by increasing as well.
Journalize the following entries for the month:
a. Materials are purchased to produce 960 units.
b. Conversion costs are applied to 910 units of production.
c. The cell completes 860 units, which are placed into finished goods.
Answer:
Journal Entries without $ amounts:
a. Debit Materials Inventory for 960 units
Credit Cash Account or Accounts Payable for 960 units.
To record the purchase of materials for the production of 960 units
Debit Work in process for 960 units
Credit Materials Inventory for 960 units
To record the transfer of materials to work in process.
b. Debit Conversion Costs for 910 units
Credit Cash Account for 910 units
To record conversion expenses.
Debit Work in process for conversion costs
Credit Conversion Costs
To record the transfer of conversion costs to WIP.
c. Debit Finished Goods Inventory for 860 units
Credit Work in Process for 860 units
To record the transfer of 860 units out of WIP, (materials and conversion costs).
Explanation:
Journals serve multi-purposes for the initial recording of business transactions. They also play important roles for period-end and other adjustments. Journals come in hand for closing entries of transactions. Importantly, they identify the accounts that are debited and credited respectively. There are many kinds of journals for various purposes, from the general to so many of the specialized kinds. We can even use journal entries to record exchange of quantities, not only dollar amounts, as demonstrated above.
1. The "four Ms" of cause-and-effect diagrams are:______.
a. mentality, motivation, management, and manpower.
b. material, methods, men, and mental attitude.
c. material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods.
d. material, management, manpower, and motivation.
e. named after four quality experts.
2. A Systematic Approach to Capacity Decisions includes:A. Evaluate the alternativesB. Identify gapsC. Estimate capacity requirementsD. Develop alternativesE. All are correct
Answer:
1. C. c. material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods.
2. E. All are correct
Explanation:
1. The cause-and-effect diagram also known as the Ishikawa diagram is used by organizations to find out the likely causes of unwanted problems. This diagram traces the roots of problems and helps managers discover the potential causes of these problems. The four M's that form the bone of the diagram to which other causes are traced include the;
a. material, which is about the products used in the production process and potential problems that can be attributed to them.
b. machinery/equipment, which is about the plant and likely problems that can arise from their use.
c. manpower, which is about the personnel used in the production process, and,
d. methods, which is about the systems adopted by the organization.
2. A systematic approach to capacity decisions include;
a. Estimation of capacity requirements
b. Identification of gaps by comparing the expected requirements with available capacity.
c. Develop alternative plans and methods that would help to reduce the gaps.
d. Evaluate the alternatives taking into consideration their qualitative and quantitative attributes.
1. The "four Ms" of cause-and-effect diagrams are material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods. Thus, option C is correct.
2. A Systematic Approach to Capacity Decisions includes all of the options. Thus, option E is correct.
Due to the high demand for a given good or service on the market, firms often employ capacity management as a method to maximize production efficiency. Its objectives include locating and resolving manufacturing process bottlenecks and accelerating output through resource optimization and the removal of time and capacity restrictions.
It aids businesses in overcoming difficulties related to creating long-term organizational strategies, managing supply chain operations, and satisfying short- and medium-term client demand. In order to guarantee that it accomplishes the manufacturing output within the allotted time, an organization must analyze the availability of its resources while doing this. In sectors including manufacturing, retail, services, and information technology, this practice is widespread.
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a. What were HCA's liabilities-to-assets ratios and times-interest-earned ratios in the years 2005 through 2009?
b. What percentage decline in EBIT could HCA have suffered each year between 2005 and 2009 before the company would have been unable to make interest payments out of operating earnings, where operating earnings is defined as EBIT?
c. How volatile have HCA's cash flows been over the period 2005 - 2009?
d. Calculate HCA's return on invested capital (ROIC) in the years 2005 - 2009.
HCA INC
ANNUAL INCOME STATEMENT
($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Dec09 Dec08 Dec07 Dec06 Dec05
Sales $ 30,052 $ 28,374 $ 26,858 $ 25,477 $ 24,455
Cost of Goods Sold 24,826 24,023 22,480 21,448 20,391
Gross Profit 5,226 4,351 4,378 4,029 4,064
Depreciation 1,425 1,416 1,426 1,391 1,374
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
Non-Operating Income/Expense 188 256 661 179 412
Pretax Income 2,002 1,170 1,398 1,862 2,327
Total Income Taxes 627 268 316 625 725
Minority Interest 321 229 208 201 178
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS Dec09 Dec08 Dec07 Dec06 Dec05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Net Receivables 3,692 3,780 3,895 3,705 3,332
Inventories 802 737 710 669 616
Other Current Assets 1,771 1,319 1,207 1,070 931
Total Current Assets 6,577 6,301 6,205 6,078 5,215
Gross Plant, Property & Equipment 24,669 23,714 22,579 21,907 20,818
Accumulated Depreciation 13,242 12,185 11,137 10,238 9,439
Net Plant, Property & Equipment 11,427 11,529 11,442 11,669 11,379
Investments at Equity 853 842 688 679 627
Other Investments 1,166 1,422 1,669 1,886 2,134
Intangibles 2,577 2,580 2,629 2,601 2,626
Deferred Charges 418 458 539 614 85
Other Assets 1,113 1,148 853 148 159
TOTAL ASSETS 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
LIABILITIES
Long Term Debt Due In One Year 846 404 308 293 586
Accounts Payable 1,460 1,370 1,370 1,415 1,484
Taxes Payable - 224 190 - -
Accrued Expenses 2,007 1,912 1,981 1,868 1,825
Total Current Liabilities 4,313 3,910 3,849 3,576 3,895
Long Term Debt 24,824 26,585 27,000 28,115 9,889
Deferred Taxes - - - 390 830
Minority Interest 1,008 995 938 907 828
Other Liabilities 2,825 2,890 2,612 1,936 1,920
TOTAL LIABILITIES 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Preferred Stock 147 155 164 125 -
Common Stock 1 1 1 1 4
Capital Surplus 226 165 112 - -
Retained Earnings (9,213) (10,421) (10,651) (11,375) 4,859
Common Equity (8,986) (10,255) (10,538) (11,374) 4,863
TOTAL EQUITY (8,839) (10,100) (10,374) (11,249) 4,863
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $ 24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
Answer:
HCA
a. HCA's Liabilities-to-assets ratios and times-interest-earned ratios in the years 2005 through 2009:
1. Liabilities-to-assets ratios = Total liabilities/Total Assets
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
136.63% 141.60% 143.18% 147.51% 78.12%
2. Times-interest-earned ratios = EBIT/Interest Expense
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
1.91 times 1.45 times 1.33 times 2.76 times 4.11 times
b. The percentage decline in EBIT that HCA could have suffered each year between 2005 and 2009 to make it unable to make interest payments out its operating earnings, where operating earnings is defined as EBIT:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
191% 145% 133% 276% 411%
c. The volatility of HCA's cash flows over the period 2005 to 2009:
The standard deviation of the cash flows (cash and cash equivalents) is 115, showing that there is so much volatility in the cash flows.
d. HCA's return on invested capital (ROIC) in the years 2005 - 2009:
= Net Income - Dividend / Total Liabilities + Equity x 100
ROIC = 4.37% 2.77% 3.64% 4.38% 6.41%
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
HCA INC
ANNUAL INCOME STATEMENT
($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Sales $ 30,052 $ 28,374 $ 26,858 $ 25,477 $ 24,455
Cost of Goods Sold 24,826 24,023 22,480 21,448 20,391
Gross Profit 5,226 4,351 4,378 4,029 4,064
Depreciation 1,425 1,416 1,426 1,391 1,374
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
Non-Operating
Income/Expense 188 256 661 179 412
Pretax Income 2,002 1,170 1,398 1,862 2,327
Total Income Taxes 627 268 316 625 725
Minority Interest 321 229 208 201 178
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Net Receivables 3,692 3,780 3,895 3,705 3,332
Inventories 802 737 710 669 616
Other Current
Assets 1,771 1,319 1,207 1,070 931
Total Current
Assets 6,577 6,301 6,205 6,078 5,215
Gross Plant, Property
& Equipment 24,669 23,714 22,579 21,907 20,818
Accumulated
Depreciation 13,242 12,185 11,137 10,238 9,439
Net Plant, Property
& Equipment 11,427 11,529 11,442 11,669 11,379
Investments
at Equity 853 842 688 679 627
Other Investments 1,166 1,422 1,669 1,886 2,134
Intangibles 2,577 2,580 2,629 2,601 2,626
Deferred Charges 418 458 539 614 85
Other Assets 1,113 1,148 853 148 159
TOTAL ASSETS 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
LIABILITIES
Long Term Debt Due
In One Year 846 404 308 293 586
Accounts
Payable 1,460 1,370 1,370 1,415 1,484
Taxes Payable - 224 190 - -
Accrued
Expenses 2,007 1,912 1,981 1,868 1,825
Total Current
Liabilities 4,313 3,910 3,849 3,576 3,895
Long Term
Debt 24,824 26,585 27,000 28,115 9,889
Deferred Taxes - - - 390 830
Minority
Interest 1,008 995 938 907 828
Other
Liabilities 2,825 2,890 2,612 1,936 1,920
TOTAL LIA-
BILITIES 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Preferred
Stock 147 155 164 125 -
Common
Stock 1 1 1 1 4
Capital
Surplus 226 165 112 - -
Retained
Earnings (9,213) (10,421) (10,651) (11,375) 4,859
Common
Equity (8,986) (10,255) (10,538) (11,374) 4,863
TOTAL
EQUITY (8,839) (10,100) (10,374) (11,249) 4,863
TOTAL LIABILITIES &
EQUITY $24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
ii) Liabilities-to-assets ratio:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Liabilities 32,970 34,380 34,399 34,924 17,362
Assets 24,131 24,280 24,025 23,675 22,225
136.63% 141.60% 143.18% 147.51% 78.12%
iii) Times Interest Earned:
Operating Profit 3,801 2,935 2,952 2,638 2,690
Interest Expense 1,987 2,021 2,215 955 655
1.91 times 1.45 times 1.33 times 2.76 times 4.11 times
iv) Volatility: This is the degree of change of the cash flows, showing its tendency to change from one period to the other. As calculated, the volatility is very high, showing that the cash flows have higher risk of change. See below:
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Cash & Equivalents $ 312 $ 465 $ 393 $ 634 $ 336
Mean = $428
Deviation from mean -116 37 -35 206 -92
Squared deviation 13,456 1,369 1,225 42,436 8,464
Sum of squared deviation = 66,950
Mean = 13,390
Square root of mean or Standard Deviation = 115
v) Return on Invested Capital = Net Income/Total liabilities + Equity
Dec. 09 Dec. 08 Dec. 07 Dec. 06 Dec. 05
Net Income $ 1,054 $ 673 $ 874 $ 1,036 $ 1,424
TOTAL LIABILITIES &
EQUITY $24,131 $ 24,280 $ 24,025 $ 23,675 $ 22,225
ROIC = 4.37% 2.77% 3.64% 4.38% 6.41%
