1. Pericardium: "Peri" means around: Surrounds the coronary heart.
2. Parietal pericardium; outermost sac
every serous membrane consists of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer under. The epithelial layer, referred to as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (easy squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid.
Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, called serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid to lessen friction from muscle movements. Serosa isn't to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer that binds together structures in place of reduces friction between them.
There are 4 principal serous membrane cavities (pericardial, peritoneal, & pleural).
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What fossils 126 outcrop
Answer:
An outcrop is a place where old rock is exposed by wind and water erosion.
Which eukaryotic kingdom is polyphyletic, and therefore unacceptable, based on cladistics?
A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Monera
Based on cladistics, the eukaryotic kingdom of the protozoa is polyphyletic and must be rejected.
Protists are a polyphyletic category since they do not have any common ancestors with other groups of organisms such as plants, fungi, or mammals. Only being eukaryotic unifies, though it is not the only property of, this group. They represent those eukaryotic that are based only on the primordial property of being single-celled creatures. The Protista kingdom, which comprises protozoa and other eukaryotic species not considered to be animals, plants, or fungi, is paraphyletic, which means that it includes the common origin but not all of the its offspring. The Monera Taxon is paraphyletic (descendant from a common ancestral group or evolutionary predecessor, but not necessarily comprising all the descendant groups).
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HELP I DONT HAVE MUCH TIME
In photosynthesis, light energy is harvested and used to generate
molecules of _____, which contain high amounts of chemical energy.
Select one:
Carbon dioxide
NADP+
Glucose
Oxygen
Using water and carbon dioxide, glucose is produced during photosynthesis by converting solar energy into chemical energy.
Explain about the photosynthesis?Chemical energy is produced during photosynthesis from solar or radiant energy. The rate of photosynthesis is intimately correlated with the productivity of agricultural crops. For all living things, it supplies oxygen to the atmosphere. The ecosystem's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels are kept in check by it.
The process of creating sugars and starches from carbon dioxide and water, which are the building blocks of photosynthesis, stores some of this chemical energy.
The most well-known examples are plants, since all species—aside from a very small number of parasitic or mycoheterotrophic ones—contain chlorophyll and make their own sustenance. The other important group of eukaryotic photosynthetic creatures is algae.
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38. State the amount of digestion (in mm) that might
be expected after 48 hours in a test tube that is
identical to the other 5 test tubes, but at a tem-
perature of 15°C.
(1) less than 2.5 mm
(2) between 2.5 and 4 mm
(3) between 4.0 and 7.5 mm
(4) more than 7.5 mm
The amount of digestion (in mm) that might be expected after 48 hours in a test tube that is identical to the other 5 test tubes, but at a temperature of 15°C is between 2.5 and 4 mm.
Option 2 is correct.
What is temperature?Temperature is described as a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness which is measured with a thermometer.
The normal rate of digestion after eating takes about six to eight hours for food to pass through your stomach and small intestine.
When the food then enters your large intestine (colon) for further digestion, absorption of water and, finally, elimination of undigested food. It takes about roughly 36 hours for food to move through the entire colon.
To calculate the digestion time, which given as the ratio between number of prey in stomach and total number of prey eaten, times the incubation time, assuming that the feeding intensity is constant.
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the wall of each thyroid follicle is formed by simple cuboidal epithelial cells called _______ cells
The wall of each thyroid follicle is formed by simple cuboidal epithelial cells called Follicular cells.
The septae dipping from the capsule divide the thyroid gland into lobules. The thyroid lobules are made up of several regular structures called thyroid follicles. The anatomical and operational components of a thyroid gland are thyroid follicles. These are spherical, and the wall is composed of many follicular cells, which are cuboidal in shape. The follicular cells that produce thyroid hormone are descendants of the endoderm.
Thyroxine, a hormone made of tetraiodothyronine (T4) and a trace amount of triiodothyronine, circulates in the body (T3). Even though the majority of T4 eventually transforms into the more active form T3, both have varied degrees of stimulation on the target cells.
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Targeting the ALK–CDK9-Tyr19 kinase cascade sensitizes ovarian and breast tumors to PARP inhibition via destabilization of the P-TEFb complex
Targeting the ALK-CDK9-Tyr19 ovarian and breast tumors to PARP inhibition via destabilization of the P-TEFb complex will give HR-deficient ovarian cancers that are sensitive to both PARP inhibitors and platinum compounds.
Numerous PARP inhibitors have been effective in the management of platinum-sensitive ovarian malignancies, indicating a close relationship between sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy and response to PARP inhibitors. We looked at the cytotoxic effects of both a platinum drug (cisplatin) and a PARP inhibitor (talazoparib) in BRCA-wild-type (WT) ovarian cancer cells because resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is a significant predictor of resistance to PARP inhibitors35.
Cells' sensitivity to PARP inhibitors did, in fact, closely resemble that of the platinum molecule. We separated those cells into two groups based on the aforementioned findings: PARP inhibitor/platinum-sensitive and PARP inhibitor/platinum-resistant.
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genes c and d are located on opposite ends of a chromosome that is undergoing crossing-over during meiosis. which of the following outcomes is likely to be true?
Crossing-over between genes c and d located on opposite ends of the same chromosome is likely to result in the offspring inheriting new combinations of alleles, different from either parent. So the correct option is (d.) Both of these answers are true: genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group AND recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
Genes c and d are located on opposite ends of a chromosome that is undergoing crossing-over during meiosis. This process is essential for the production of genetic variation in offspring and is an essential part of the sexual reproduction process.
Crossing-over occurs when the chromatids of the homologous chromosomes break and exchange segments of DNA. This process shuffles the alleles of the genes, creating new combinations of alleles that are passed on to the offspring. In this case, genes c and d are located on opposite ends of the chromosome and are thus likely to be recombined in the process of crossing-over.
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a. Recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
b. Genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group.
c. Genes C and D have an increased likelihood of undergoing recombination
d. Both of these answer are true: genes C and D have an increased likelihood of being inherited as a linkage group AND recombination rates for genes C and D will likely exceed 50%.
The signal that tells soluble proteins to be sent forward to the lysosome is ________
The message informing soluble proteins to proceed to the lysosome is Cargo receptor and lysosomal transmembrane protein sorting is necessary.
Signals found in the cytosolic domains of the proteins are what sort transmembrane proteins to endosomes and lysosomes.
The ubiquitination of cytosolic lysine residues also acts as a signal for sorting at different phases of the endosomal-lysosomal system, in addition to peptide motifs.
UIM, UBA, or UBC domains found in numerous parts of the internalization and lysosomal targeting machinery are able to identify conjugated ubiquitin. This intricate network of signals and recognition proteins makes sure that transmembrane proteins are accurately and dynamically distributed to the various endosomal and lysosomal compartments.
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mendel discovered that the allele for green seed pods (g) is dominant to the allele for yellow seed pods (g). he crossed true-breeding (homozygous) parental plants with green (gg) and yellow (gg) seed pods to produce an f1 generation, all of which were heterozygous (gg) with green seed pods. he then crossed two of these f1 plants to produce an f2 generation. drag the genotypes and phenotypes from the left to correctly complete the punnett square for the f2 generation. labels may be used more than once.
The genotypes and phenotypes from the left to correctly complete the punnett square for the f2 generation are:
The Punnett square for the F2 generation:
G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
What is the Punnett square about?In this Punnett square, G represents the dominant allele for green seed pods, and g represents the recessive allele for yellow seed pods. The F1 generation plants are heterozygous (GG), meaning that they have one dominant allele for green seed pods and one recessive allele for yellow seed pods.
When these plants are crossed, the F2 generation can have four possible genotypes: GG (homozygous dominant for green seed pods), Gg (heterozygous for green seed pods), gG (heterozygous for green seed pods), and gg (homozygous recessive for yellow seed pods).
The genotypes GG and Gg will produce plants with green seed pods (the dominant trait), while the genotypes gG and gg will produce plants with yellow seed pods (the recessive trait).
Therefore, the F2 generation will have 3 plants with green seed pods and 1 plant with yellow seed pods. The phenotypes in the F2 generation will be 75% green seed pods and 25% yellow seed pods.
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A few unidentified seeds were found in a sealed clay jar during an archaeological dig. Radiocarbon dating showed that the seeds were 725 years old. When the seeds were planted, plants grew from them. Based on cell theory, what statements can confidently be made regarding these unidentified plants and seeds?Living cells inside the seeds divide to generate the new plant cells. Tissues in both the plants and the seeds are made of cells.
When the seeds were planted, plants grew from them this indicates that new plant cells are produced when the living cells inside the seeds divide.
The widely accepted scientific theory known as "cell theory" asserts that all living species are composed of cells, that these cells are the fundamental organizational and structural unit of all species, and that all cells are derived from previously existing cells.
In the given scenario, it is abundantly clear that cells makeup both the seeds and the mature plant. In order to produce the new cells of the plants, the living cells that are contained within the seeds multiply.
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Select the two true statements about natural selection.
Only variations that help individuals avoid predators can become more
common through natural selection.
The result of natural selection in a population depends on the population's
environment.
Natural selection causes advantageous variations to become more
common over many generations.
Natural selection can cause an individual to gain new advantageous
variations during its life
The result of natural selection in a population depends on the population's environment and Natural selection causes advantageous variations to become more common over many generations are true statements about the process of natural selection (options 2 and 3).
What is the process of natural selection?The process of natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism associated with the differential survival and reproduction of the most adaptive phenotypes in a given environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of natural selection leads to a change in gene allele frequency due to differential reproduction.
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Use extrapolation to determine the environmental salt concentration that is isotonic to the paramecium?
The salt solution concentration is isotonic . More water increases the likelihood that water will enter the Paramecium through osmosis.
The contractile vacuole will need to fill up and then empty out more often if more water enters through osmosis. The paramecium would become overfilled salt solution concentration with water and eventually explode due to the inability of the cell to contain it all. Because the water would collect more quickly in a low salt solution concentration than it would in a high salt solution, it would happen faster if the paramecium was in it.
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In a female, the labia minora are two outer, hair-covered folds of skin that enclose the delicate, hair-free folds called the labia majora.
False. In a female, the labia minora are thin textured and smaller in size than the labia majora.
In female reproductive system there are labia which are folds of skin that form the vulva on the outside of the vagina. The labia consist of the labia majora and labia minora. The labia majora are elongated on both sides of the vulva. The middle part forms the pudendal slit and the outer part, is thick and fatty in texture and has fine hairs.
Labia minora are thin textured and smaller in size. Labia minora are located inside the lips of the vagina, precisely in the labia majora and surround the vaginal opening and urethra. The labia minora serve as a protective covering for the clirotis, urethra, and vagina.
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atp hydrolysis is favorable in terms of four factors electrostatics, ionization, resonance, and entropy. the same logic can be used to analyze other biomolecues
Comment can be made on how this hydrolysis would compare to that of ATP as When ΔG is more negative, the reaction tends to progress toward products.
The following two forces have an impact on both the hydrolysis of ATP and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDG): enthalpy and entropy, or to put it another way, the change in free energy, or delta G, is the net driving force for these reactions.
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
The reaction has a tendency to progress toward products when ΔG is more negative.
The exothermic reaction of ATP hydrolysis, in which the high-energy phosphate bonds break and release energy, has a ΔG value of -35.7.
When UDG hydrolysis takes place, the phosphate-glucose bond is also broken, releasing a lot of energy with ΔG= -31.9.
A high GΔ indicates that the products of the reaction are much more stable than the reactants and will be more disordered, resulting in an increase in entropy.
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(complete question)
In class, we discussed why ATP was considered a high-energy biomolecule. Its hydrolysis was favorable in terms of four factors: electrostatics, ionization, resonance, and entropy. This same logic can be used to analyze other biomolecules for energy transfer potential. Consider the hydrolysis of uridine phosphoglucose. Comment on how this hydrolysis would compare to that of ATP (consider both sign and magnitude of AG) and how each of the four factors contributes (if at all).
the urinary system organ removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure. T/F
True. The urinary system is composed of several organs that work together to remove waste products from the body and to help regulate blood pressure.
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter out waste products and excess water, which are then transported to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores the waste products until they are expelled from the body through the urethra. The urinary system also helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling the amount of water and salt that is excreted in the urine.
Additionally, the kidneys release a hormone that helps to regulate blood pressure. Through these functions, the urinary system plays an important role in maintaining the health of the body.
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can be defined as the time-dependent physical and physiological changes in body structure and function that occur normally and progressively throughout adulthood as humans mature and become older. One view of aging describes it as a process of slow cell death, beginning soon after fertilization.aging
Aging is a complex process that can be seen from a variety of perspectives. On a physical level, aging is associated with changes in the body's structure and functions, including declines in strength, mobility, and coordination. Psychological effects of aging include changes in memory, attention, and decision-making.
Socially, aging is associated with changes in roles, relationships, and social status. Lastly, aging is a spiritual process, as it is often accompanied by changes in attitudes, values, and beliefs.
Step 1: In the early stages of life, aging begins as soon as fertilization occurs and cells start to divide. This process is known as cellular senescence. As cells divide, they become less efficient at performing certain functions and eventually stop dividing altogether.
Step 2: As the years pass, different body systems begin to show signs of aging. The skin becomes thinner and wrinkles begin to form. The bones become less dense and more brittle, leading to an increased risk of fractures. The cardiovascular system begins to weaken, leading to a decrease in blood and oxygen flow to the body’s tissues.
Step 3: As the body continues to age, the immune system begins to weaken and the body becomes more susceptible to disease and infection. The body’s metabolism slows down, leading to an increase in fat storage and a decrease in muscle mass. The digestive system also slows down, resulting in constipation, indigestion, and other digestive issues.
Step 4: The aging process is also accompanied by cognitive decline. Memory and concentration become more difficult as the brain begins to shrink and the neurons become less efficient. The brain also begins to produce less of the hormones that control mood and energy, which can lead to depression and low.
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Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment?
A. amphibians B. birds C. mammals D. pterosaurs E. dinosaurs
Please identify the four most significant interactions between humans and the microbes that live in and on our bodies. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.
In addition to positive connections in the form of human, domestic animal, and crop diseases, human interactions with microorganisms also involve both practical and symbolic uses of germs.
Fermentation in food processing was the first practical application of microbes in antiquity; yeasts have been used to make bread, beer, and wine since the birth of civilization, including in ancient Egypt. More recently, as industrial chemists learn how to produce an increasing variety of organic chemicals, including enzymes and bioactive molecules like hormones and competitive inhibitors for use as medicines, microbes have been used in activities ranging from biological warfare to the production of chemicals by fermentation. Additionally, fuels can be created through fermentation, including ethanol and methane, which are alternatives for fossil fuels .Escherichia coli and yeast are used as model organisms in scientific research, particularly in genetics and related sciences.
Pathogens, or microorganisms that cause disease in humans, domesticated animals, and crop plants, include bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
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Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection? The comparison of body structures in modern organisms The comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms The study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth All of the above are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution
The lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection include the comparison of body structures in modern organisms, the comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms, and the study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth (all of the above are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution).
What is the theory of evolution by natural selection?The theory of evolution by natural selection is a well-sustained scientific model proposed by Darwin that states species change (evolve) as a consequence of the process of natural selection, which can be defined as the differential survival and reproduction of the more adaptive organism in a given environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the theory of evolution by natural selection states that organisms better adapted to environmental conditions have more chances of surviving and reproducing.
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Which table best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle? A Phase. event. S. Phase. DNA replication. M. Phase. Nuclear division. B Phase. Event. S. Phase. Nuclear division. M. Phase. Cytoplasm division. C phase. event. S. Phase. cytoplasm division. M. phase. cell growth. D phase. event. s. phase. cell growth. m. phase. DNA replication.
The table that best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle is S phase/DNA replication and M phase/Nuclear division. Option A.
Cell cycleThe cell cycle has two main phases which are further divided into subphases. The main phases are:
S phaseM phaseThe S phase is further divided into:
G1 phase: a phase during which the cell grows and developS phase: a phase during which the cell carries out DNA replicationG2 phase: a phase during which the cell synthesizes proteins.The M phase is further divided into:
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesisIn other words, the M phase is the active cell division phase.
Following the summary of the cell cycle, the table that best compares what happens during the cell cycle can, thus, be seen as the one that pairs DNA replication with the S phase and nuclear division with the M phase.
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What is a major human impact in the Savannah biome? And brainstorm at least 10 different solutions.
Hint: You want to try and think about what you are reading to check if its 2 questions in the question.
Answer #1: The Savanna biome has had a lot of human impacts affect the environment and health of the Savanna. The African people use the Savanna land not just to live on but to graze their cattle and goats. The grasses get completely eaten and with no vegetation, the Savanna turns into a desert.
Answer #2: Humans have affected the savanna biome in many ways. The increased use of the savanna by humans has caused degradation of this biome. Extinction of animals in this biome is caused by humans releasing foreign species into the savanna. Humans have killed predators, built dwellings, and cleared land to be able to farm. Humans have done things like stopping natural fires and starting fires in this environment which kill many plants and animals if they get out of hand.
Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem?A: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawksB: increase in number of hawks, decrease in number of shrewsC: increase in number of grasshoppers, decrease in number of plantsD: increase in number of spiders, decrease in number of plantsA: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks (Snakes feed on shrews so with less snakes, the population of shrews should increase. Hawks feed on snakes so with less overall food, the population of hawks should decrease.)
When a population in a trophic web is affected by any factor that reduces or increases its population size, the anterior and posterior links in the trophic chain are affected as well. Option A is correct. increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks.
What is the throphic web?The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones. The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.
Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.
Because it is a web, all organisms are in equilibrium until a change occurs. When a sudden change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.
Any change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.
In the exposed example, if snake's population was to suddenly decrease, there would be
a decrease in hawk's populationan increase in shrew's populationSnakes feed on shrews, so a decrease in the number of snakes will allow the shrew's survival and reproductive rate to increase, and hence, to increase their population size.
Hawks feed on snakes and shrews. A decrease in the number of snakes means less available food items for them and more competition. Their population size might be reduced even if the shrew's population increases in size.
Option A is correct. increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks.
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What TWO FACTORS cause the amount of water collected to vary?
Through the process of photosynthesis, _____energy from the sun is changed to stored _______ energy.
Answer:
Kinetic, Potential
Explanation:
Since light waves are in motion, their energy is the energy of motion. This would be kinetic energy. Once that energy is stored by the plant during photosynthesis, it becomes potential energy.
How are these 7 organisms related? Which ones are more closely related?
Frog
Aligator
Rabbit
Shark
Tuna
Parrot
Relationships between organisms indicate that they had a common ancestry. The closer the creatures are linked, the more recent their common ancestor was. Given that you have a parent as your most recent shared ancestor, siblings (brothers and sisters) would be your closest relatives.
Which organisms are more linked to one another, and how can you tell?Two organisms' DNA can be compared by scientists; the closer the DNA matches, the more related the two organisms are.
Which of the following assemblages of creatures is more kin to the other?Genus. The taxonomic rank between a family and a species is called a genus (plural, genera). A genus is a collection of creatures that are structurally very similar to one another and are very closely linked.
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Adding compost to farmed soil is better than adding synthetic fertilizer because: O compost contains disease fighting microorganisms that synthetic fertilizers lack. O synthetic fertilizers contain a great many microorganisms, some of which spread plant diseases. O compost contains carbon, and using only synthetic fertilizers can lead to a loss of soil carbon content. O synthetic fertilizers are adding the primary chemicals to the atmosphere that contribute to the ozone hole.
Adding compost to farmed soil is better than adding synthetic fertilizers for a variety of reasons. Perhaps the most important of these is that compost contains disease fighting microorganisms that synthetic fertilizers lack.
These microorganisms help to keep the soil healthy and reduce the chances of plant diseases. The microorganisms in synthetic fertilizers, on the other hand, can sometimes spread plant diseases.
Another advantage of adding compost to farmed soil is that it contains carbon. Over time, the use of only synthetic fertilizers can lead to a loss of soil carbon content, which is essential for healthy soil. In contrast, compost adds carbon and helps maintain the soil’s fertility.
Finally, it’s important to consider the environmental impact of synthetic fertilizers. Synthetic fertilizers are adding the primary chemicals to the atmosphere that contribute to the ozone hole. In contrast, compost is a natural product and does not contribute to environmental pollution.
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Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the _____.Choose matching definitiona. connective tissueb. less surface area per unit volumec. more branching or foldsd. endocrine system
The correct answer is endocrine system.connective tissueb. less surface area per unit volumec.
A intricate system of glands and organs makes up the endocrine system. Your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and reaction to injury, stress, and mood are all regulated and coordinated by hormones. The endocrine system is made up of the following components: Hypothalamus. The endocrine system is made up of several glands. Your brain contains the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal glands. Your neck contains the parathyroid and thyroid glands. The pancreas is located beneath your stomach, the adrenals are on top of your kidneys, and the thymus is situated between your lungs.
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2. Which of the following is primarily responsible for the increase in greenhouse gases?
decreased population
decreased intensity of sunlight
O increased use of fossil fuels
O increased number of trees
Hi can someone please help me with this. So I have to make observations of these cells but I’m not sure what to put because according to what the instructions say it kinda makes me struggle a bit.
The observations that can be made is that each cell is made up of a cell membrane that distinguishes it from the other cells and there are components within the cells that picks stains more that others.
What is a cell?A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit if the body which is made up of membrane bound organelles that functions together for the vitality of the whole cell.
The structures that can be found within the cell include the following:
Cell membrane; This is the phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cells which uses its semi permeable abilities to monitor the substances that enter and leave the cell.Nucleus; This is usually centrally placed in a cell and they contain the hereditary material of the organism which can be passed from them to their offspring.Ribosomes: This is the site for the production of proteins in the cell. The rough Endoplasmic reticulum has the ribosome on its surface which gives it the rough appearance while there is absence of ribosome on the surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.lysosomes: This contains enzymes that are used to destroy any foreign substances in the cell.From the stained stained and the unstained slides is can be observed that each cell is made up of a cell membrane that distinguishes it from the other cells and there are components within the cells that picks stains more that others.
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A stem cell becomes restricted to a muscle cell fate. the range of different cell types that a cell can potentially adopt a series of gene expression changes resulting in a cell adopting a specific fate the process by which a cell narrows its potential fates A stem cell ultimately becomes a skin cell. The hematopoietic stem cells can become multiple blood cell types. Incorrect. Whereas other answers may be misplaced, you have not correctly identified all of the statements in the differentiation category. Differentiation describes a cell taking on a terminal cell fate as the result of altered gene expression patterns. Therefore, differentiation occurs when a less specialized cell becomes a specific cell type.
Most adult tissues, including bone marrow and fat, contain a tiny amount of these stem cells. Adult stem cells are less able to develop into different types of body cells than embryonic stem cells. Up until recently, scientists believed that adult stem cells could only produce cells of the same kind.
Which stem cell type gives rise to the various muscle cell types?
stem cells from embryos.
These pluripotent embryonic stem cells are. This implies that they have the ability to transform into various cell types.What takes place to stem cells when they differentiate?
Through stem cell differentiation, a cell can become more specialized by switching from proliferation to specialization. This entails a series of modifications to metabolic activity, membrane potential, cell shape, and responsiveness to certain signals.
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