what is a weakness or limitation for using orbeez as a model for a cell?
Answer:
You cant make the organells that detailled or make them at all for that matter?
Explanation:
4. MSUD is found in one newborn in 200,000 throughout the United States, but one newborn in 200 in the Amish and Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania has the disease. Why is there such a difference in the prevalence of the disease?
Answer:
MSUD stands for Maple Syrup Urine Disease. It is very rare, it occurs in about 1 of every 185,000 births worldwide. A child is born with MSUD when both parents are carriers of three specific gene mutations (changes) – one copy from each parent. These three specific amino acids are leucine, isoleucine and valine. Without the needed enzymes, the three amino acids build up and so do their toxic byproducts that are known as ketoacids.
MSUD occurs more often in communities that have little genetic variation (such as the Mennonite and Amish community) These groups have a closure of people (like they marry with their closed relatives) who are carriers of the mutated gene.
what kind of entity is a lichen? an association between a fungus and a brown alga an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae an association between a bryophyte and a fungus
A fungus and also an alga work together in symbiotic relationships to create lichens, a sophisticated form of life. The fungus, which is the lichen's main partner, is responsible for most of its features, including its thallus shape and fruiting bodies.
The link between fungi and algae in lichens is symbiotic. Fungi without chlorophyll pigments eat algae. On the contrary hand, fungi benefit algae by protecting them and facilitating water absorption. This kind of interaction has no negative effects, and both sides gain from it. Since both the fungus and their photosynthetic partners, known as photobionts, profit from the lichen symbiosis, it is believed to be a mutualistic relationship. A lichen is indeed a composite creature created by algae coexisting symbiotically with fungus filaments. The characteristics of the united living form are considerably dissimilar from those of the individual species. A. Lichens are symbiotic relationships.
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if a person is exposed to drugs or toxins within the past six months, it can be traced by the toxicologist through a series of test. true false.
It is False.
Toxins are substances created with the aid of flora and animals which can be poisonous (poisonous) to human beings. Pollutants may additionally encompass some drugs which can be useful in small doses, but toxic in large quantities. Maximum toxins that cause problems in human beings come from germs along with bacteria.
Anthrax deadly toxin is produced with the aid of Bacillus anthracis. The anthrax toxin proteins, which include anthrax lethal element, work together to disrupt a mobile's defense machine.
A few natural toxins may be fashioned in food as defense mechanisms of vegetation, through their infestation with toxin-generating mold, or thru ingestion by way of animals of toxin-generating microorganisms.
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scientists understand that viruses have advanced greatly in the last 50 years. which statement gives evidence that a virus is non living.
Answer:
Reproduction.
Explanation:
One piece of evidence that a virus is non-living is that it cannot reproduce on its own.
Unlike living organisms, viruses require a host cell to replicate and produce more viruses.
This dependence on a host cell for reproduction suggests that viruses are not truly alive, as they lack one of the key characteristics of living things, which is the ability to independently sustain and replicate themselves.
hen t or b cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical cells descending from the original activated cell. what is the name of this group of identical cells? clone hapten memory cells lymphocyte precursors
Helper T cells stimulate the B cell via the binding of CD40L at the T cell to CD40 on the B cellular, thru interaction of different TNF-TNF-receptor circles of relatives ligand pairs, and by way of the directed release of cytokines.
Helper T cells do now not directly kill inflamed cells, as cytotoxic T cells do instead, they help spark off cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to attack inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
Helper T cells no longer immediately kill infected cells, as cytotoxic T cells do. as a substitute they assist activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to assault inflamed cells, or they stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies.
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How do scientists study the interactions and flow of matter and energy within and between earths
Which organelle is responsible for transporting lipids in the cell?
Different processes can be used by cells to transport lipids, a type of biomolecule. Lipid droplets are specialized organelles that are one method of transporting lipids.
Triacylglycerols, a class of lipids also known as neutral fats, make up the majority of lipid droplets, which are tiny, spherical structures that are found in the cytoplasm of cells. Neutral fats can be stored and transported inside of cells via lipid droplets, which are also involved in their formation and decomposition.
Vesicles having a membrane around them can also be used to transport lipids inside cells. These vesicles, which are tiny, closed containers made of the plasma membrane, are employed by cells to transport a variety of biomolecules, including lipids. Vesicles can be created by the Golgi apparatus, an organelle that is involved in the synthesis and modification of biomolecules, or they can be created by the endocytosis process, in which the plasma membrane invaginates to form a vesicle.
Through a process known as exocytosis, in which the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and transfers its contents to the outside of the cell, vesicles can transport lipids and other biomolecules to other sections of the cell or to other cells.
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Answer:The Golgi apparatus
Explanation:
Write the relation as a set of ordered pairs. A relation. An arrow goes from negative 2 to 4, 0 to 6, 2 to 8. a. ordered pairs: {(4, –2), (0, 6), (2, 8)} b. ordered pairs: {(–2, 4), (0, 6), (2, 8)} c. ordered pairs: {(4, –2), (0, 6), (8, 2)} d. ordered pairs: {(–2, 4), (6, 0), (8, 2)} Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
The statement most accurately describes the overall effects of the global food system in contrast to supplying food through local food chains is Responses fewer jobs but pay is a greater percentage of retail price fewer jobs.
What is a loss leader?A loss leader is a pricing strategy in which a product is offered at a discount from its market value to encourage the purchase of additional, more lucrative products or services.
A loss leader is a product that is purposefully sold for less than its market value as part of your price strategy. Loss leader pricing is a strategy used to boost sales of more lucrative goods and services.
Therefore, The statement most accurately describes the overall effects of the global food system in contrast to supplying food through local food chains is Responses fewer jobs but pay is a greater percentage of retail price fewer jobs.
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The founder effect is an example of _______.
Answer:
The founder effect is an example of genetic drift
explanation:A population has members with the same appearance and features, such members encounter similar problems in the environment they live in. Some members of the population start living in a different place due to some reason. In that new area, they form a colony and start to adapt to different environments. This is called the founder effect. This brings change into sets of genes causing genetic drift.
what happens when a population cannot get enough food or water?
Answer:
1.)It will result in increase in mortality(Death rate)
2.) Malnutrition
3.) Susceptible to diseases.
4.) decrease in revenue due to sick workers which have become prone to disease as a result of the effective blood vessels which are unable to perform their task(which is usually due to poor food and water supply)
Explanation:
With less food, whether incremental through smaller portion sizes or more drastic through skipped meals, people often earn less money and are more susceptible to health issues . The consequences for small children can be especially serious, leading to malnutrition and stunting.
Organisms that live in the alpine and taiga biomes have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. the douglas-fir is a conifer tree that grows in the taiga biome. it has an average height of about 70 feet, and its wood is an important source of lumber. conifer trees along water's edge. photo by anne burgess how has the douglas-fir adapted to enable its survival in the taiga biome?
a. low growing
b. perennial
c. waxy needles
d. survive on limited nutrients please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Seasonal color changes are the unique adaptation that helps snowshoe rabbits to survive in the taiga.
The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the creatures inhabiting the taiga biome is the snowshoe rabbit. It is exceptional in that it can remain unseen while hiding from predators in the snow in the winter and in woody areas in the summer. The organisms that inhabit the taiga and alpine biomes have evolved special adaptations to help them survive. One of the plants that may be found in the alpine biome is the moss campion. It is shielded from the wind and subfreezing cold in the alpine by its thin leaves and cushion-like shape.
Hence, organism characteristics decides its survival in different biome.
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in the process of glycolysis, four atp molecules are synthesized from four adp molecules. why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of atp?
The net benefit of glycolysis is only two ATP because the two ATP molecules are consumed in initial part of glycolysis, even if the four ATP molecules are created in second half.
One glucose molecule initiates glycolysis, which culminates with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, four ATP molecules overall, and two NADH molecules. The cell has the net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules for usage since the two ATP molecules were required in the first half of the route to prepare six-carbon ring for cleavage. Only two ATP molecules will be produced from a molecule of glucose if the organism is unable to further catabolize pyruvate molecules (through the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle). Pyruvate kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of pyruvate, must be present in sufficient amounts for the final stage of glycolysis to take place.
The entire glycolysis pathway will in this case ,the full glycolysis pathway will continue to function, but the second half will only produce two ATP molecules (instead of the usual four ATP molecules). As a result, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis is pyruvate kinase.
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which autonomic ganglion, located anterior to the ear, receives parasympathetic axons from the glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)?
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, sensory, and motor roots can all be found in the otic ganglion.
All branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve receive postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from the otic ganglion. Additionally, the parotid gland receives sympathetic vasomotor fibres from it. The infratemporal fossa's medial side and the tiny parasympathetic ganglion known as the otic ganglion are both situated just below the foramen ovale. It functions as the glossopharyngeal nerve's functional partner and innervates the parotid gland to stimulate salivation. The auriculotemporal nerve most likely sends signals to the superficial temporal artery from the otic ganglia. Because migraine attacks involve the superficial temporal artery, this is clinically intriguing.
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Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?
In a myofibril, a thick filament is composed of pairs of _____ molecules intertwined together
In a myofibril the thick filament is composed of pairs of myosin molecules that are intertwined together.
The protein myosin makes up thick filaments. Near the M line, a myosin molecule's tail joins with other myosin molecules to form the thick filament's core region, while the thick filament's heads align on either side where the thin filaments overlap. The thick and thin myofilaments that make up the myofibrils are what give the muscle its striped appearance. Along with two other muscle regulating proteins, tropomyosin and troponin, the thick filaments are made up of strands of the protein myosin, while the thin filaments are made up of strands of the protein actin.
In addition to myosin, which forms the thick filament's backbone, four additional proteins—titin, myomesin, obscurin, and myosin binding protein-C—that are tightly attached to the filament also perform crucial structural and regulatory functions.
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In chloroplasts, _____ is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.
Answer: In chloroplasts, water is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.
Explanation:
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the biggest problem with the shotgun technique is its tendency to underestimate the size of the genome. which of the following might best account for this? a) skipping some of the clones to be sequenced b) missing some of the overlapping regions of the clones c) counting some of the overlapping regions of the clones twice d) having some of the clones die during the experiment and therefore not be represented
Option D. is correct, The shotgun method's major flaw is its propensity to overestimate the size of the genome.
The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab setting using a process called shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. First proposed in 1979, whole genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000 to 7000 base-pair) genomes. The genome of the cauliflower mosaic virus was the first one to be shotgun sequenced and was made public in 1981. Hierarchical shotgun sequencing, which requires the first generation of a low-resolution map of the genome, is slower than whole-genome shotgun sequencing but uses fewer computer methods.
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Which one by itself does not possess the ability to synthesize its own proteins?Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.a virusa human cell, a virus, and a bacterial cella viral particle and a bacterial cella human cella bacterial cell
The viral particle entities do not possess the ability to synthesize their own proteins.
A virus doesn't have the propensity to create its own proteins. Although viruses cannot carry out life-sustaining processes or reproduce, they are the classic parasites of the living kingdoms. Viruses are neither animals, plants, or bacteria. Since they lack ribosomes and are therefore unable to make proteins, they must rely on the ribosomes of their host cells to convert viral messenger RNA into viral proteins.
Through the processes of transcription and translation, proteins are created in cells. In essence, the transcription process includes converting the DNA template into mRNA. Following transcription, in which the amino acids are joined in a predetermined sequence with the aid of the genetic code, comes translation.
Hence, viral particle lacks protein synthesizing machinery.
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A certain species of grasshopper can have red stripes, yellow stripes, or red and yellow stripes. An RR grasshopper has red stripes, a YY grasshopper has yellow stripes, and an RY grasshopper has red and yellow stripes.
A grasshopper with red and yellow stripes mates with another grasshopper with red and yellow stripes.
What ratio would be expected in the phenotypes of their offspring?
1 with red stripes : 2 with red and yellow stripes : 1 with yellow stripes
2 with red and yellow stripes : 2 with yellow stripes
3 with red and yellow stripes : 1 with yellow stripes
3 with red stripes : 1 with yellow stripes
The expected phenotype ratio of the offspring from the cross would be 1 with red stripe, 2 with red and yellow stripes, and 1 with yellow stripe. Option 1.
Monohybrid crossingAccording to the illustration, the inheritance pattern of color in the grasshopper species is codominance.
Red striped grasshopper is RR, and the yellow stripe is YY, while RY grasshoppers have both red and yellow stripes.
Now, a grasshopper with red and yellow stripes (RY) mates with another grasshopper who also has red and yellow stripes (RY):
RY x RY
RR RY RY YY
Since RR is red stripe, RY is red/yellow stripes, and YY is yellow stripe; then, the phenotype ratio of the offspring from the cross would be:
1/4 or 25% red stripe1/2 or 50% red and yellow stripes1/4 or 25% yellow stripeIn other words, the phenotype ratio from the cross would be 1 with red stripe, 2 with red and yellow stripes, and 1 with yellow stripe.
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which of the following will increase the rate of transcription? histone acetylation leading to chromatin decompaction d. histone methylation leading to chromatin compaction removal of rna polymerase
Option C. is correct, Gene expression levels have long been known to be significantly influenced by the state of chromatin, the packaging of DNA in eukaryotes. Several chromatin-altering techniques, such as ATP-dependent remodelling.
The cell uses histone modification to control the transcription of certain genes. Since several histone acetyltransferases have been discovered and further studied in recent years, histone acetylation is one of them that is most thoroughly understood. chromatin remodelling and histone acetylation A restrictive barrier to transcription is represented by chromatin. This molecular barrier is a highly dynamic structure that can fit the complete genome's DNA inside the limits of a nucleus while yet allowing access to the genetic material stored inside.
Which of the following will increase the rate of transcription?
a. Activation of a transcriptional repressor
b. Inhibition of a transcriptional activator
c. Histone acetylation leading to chromatin decompaction
d. Histone methylation leading to chromatin compaction Removal of RNA polymerase
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size of braincase cranial shape- is the skull longer front to back? sagittal crest? sagittal keel? what is the shape of the occipital region? is there a nuchal torus? height of skull. how much skull is above the supraorbital ridge?
The modern human is thought to have the largest cranium, measuring between 120 and 1700 cubic centimetres 3. The head shrank in size and grew more compact, reaching its widest point at the base of the skull.
Brain/body size ratio = cranial capacity (in cubic centimetres). body mass (in kg) Complete the table with the specified species. Species skull capacity (cc) Body Weight Approximation on Average (kg) Body to Brain Ratio gorilla 395 54 7.31 chimpanzee 506 120 4.22 6. The scapular is extended at the suprascapular area and is shorter and broader, making it more mobile and arboreal, whereas the humeral head is rounded and globular. These faunal remains were discovered at Station 1 with the specimen at Station 2 Paleoenvironment.
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Why is less energy produced during anaerobic respiration than in aerobic respiration?
Answer:
Oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Explanation:
During anaerobic respiration the oxidation of glucose is incomplete. The reaction therefore releases much less energy – around a nineteenth of the energy released during aerobic respiration. Only two ATP molecules ofchemical energy are produced in comparison with 38 molecules in aerobic respiration.
what is generally the starting material for whole-genome shotgun sequencing of genomic dna? see section 16.1
The starting material for whole-genome shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA is overlapping fragments of genomic DNA.
The DNA sequence of an organism's genome can be ascertained in a lab using shotgun sequencing. The process entails randomly dividing the genome into tiny DNA fragments that are then individually sequenced. To reconstruct the genome, a computer program searches for overlaps in the DNA sequences and uses those overlaps to put the fragments back together in the right order.
Shotgun sequencing involves randomly slicing the genome into small, sequencing-ready pieces (1 to 2 kbp in length). After being ligated into an appropriate vector, the fragments are partially sequenced. Each fragment can yield 400–500 bp of sequence in a single sequencing run.
Hence, small fragments are sequenced and organized with computer.
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The otter allele is found in Lane 2. To which population does it belong
DNA fingerprints are all the genetic markers used to differentiate individuals or populations. In the exposed example, the otter from lane two belong to population 2, Esther passage, because its band is 890 PB in length.
What is DNA fingerprint?
We can refer to DNA fingerprint as the group of genetic markers that differentiate an individual from another individual, or a population from another population.
Genetic markers are unique DNA fragments that are not identical in all individuals or populations. These fragments provide unique information about the individual or the population, so they are usually used to analyze differences, identify a progenitor, or solve a crime.
DNA prints are used to identify the population origin of an individual, or filial relationships, among others.
In the exposed example, we have DNA samples of 8 individuals belonging to three different populations.
Two alleles are used as markers to identify the individual belonging to each group.
Population 1 ⇒ Unakwik inlet ⇒ 610 and 890 bp band length ⇒ both allelesPopulation 2 ⇒ Esther passage ⇒ 890 bp band length ⇒ one allelePopulation 3 ⇒ Wells bay ⇒ 610 bp band length ⇒ the other alleleTo identify individuals belonging to each group, we just need to count the number of band they express.
In the case of individual number 2 (lane 2), there is only one band. So we can dismiss population 1 (because this population has the two alleles).
The expressed band is approximately 890 pb length. It means that it belongs to population 2, Esther passage.
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antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens at once in order to reduce the number of infectious agents that need to be dealt with. this function of antibodies is known as group of answer choices opsonization. neutralization. agglutination. complement fixation.
Antibodies are capable of binding up several antigens in order to reduce infectious agents that need to be dealt with, this function of antibodies is known as agglutination.
Antibodies are proteins that defend you while an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced via your immune device, antibodies bind to these undesirable substances which will put off them out of your gadget.
Antibodies are proteins produced by means of the immune gadget in reaction to contamination. They're an vital part of the frame's defence device as they work to smash sickness-causing organisms and block them from infecting human cells.
Antibodies are positioned in various areas of your frame, such as your skin, lungs, tears, saliva and even breast milk. In reality, high quantities of antibodies are present in colostrum.
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what is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)?
Air pollution has decreased in all regions is the likely cause of the change in frequency of melanic moths in michigan (mustard-colored diamonds), in pennsylvania (blue squares), and at caldy common in england (red dots)
The peppered moth's evolution is an example of how air pollution during the Industrial Revolution caused directional colour changes in the moth population.
At that time, a manifestation of industrial melanism was the rise in the number of dark-colored moths. Later, as pollution levels dropped, the light-colored form once more took control. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection underwent its first test with the industrial melanism in the peppered moth, which is still used as a standard illustration for explaining evolution.
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In a certain insect, round wings (R) are dominant to pointed wings (r). Which cross will
produce the greatest number of genotypic and phenotypic variations?
Answer:
Rr, round wings
Explanation:
The wings will all be Rr, which makes them all round. If round wings are the dominant trait, then they can be represented as either RR or Rr. But if pointy wings are recessive, they can only be represented as rr. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, and can be represented as Rr (dominant), RR (dominant), and rr (recessive). The Phenotype is the visible traits, such as hair color, eye color, or in this case, wing type. recessive traits can only appear when there are two little r's: rr. So they genotype can be represented as Rr, and the phenotype can be represented as round wings.
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An ecosystem is unlikely to be limited by the supply of _____ because it is obtained from the air.
Since carbon is supplied from the air, an ecosystem is unlikely to be constrained by its carbon supply.
A functional and structural unit used in ecology, an ecosystem is where living organisms interact with one another and their surroundings. Carbon is an essential part of the Earth system. It is an essential element of all organic matter on Earth and a key element in regulating the temperature of the planet.
Through biological, chemical, geological, and physical processes, carbon moves from the atmosphere to the land, ocean, and life in a cycle known as the carbon cycle. The carbon from plants is returned to the atmosphere when they rot, are eaten and digested by animals, or burn in fires.
Ecosystems and the carbon cycle are closely intertwined because plants and animals are essential components of the cycle. Ecosystems change as a result of a changing climate.
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7. suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. how could he test this possibility?
suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. he could test this possibility by depleting it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
What is Pluripotency?The capacity of some substances to elicit a variety of unique biological reactions is referred to as the pluripotency of biological molecules. As with pluripotent stem cells' ability to differentiate into several cell types, pluripotent is also used to denote something that has no predetermined developmental potential.
What makes anything pluripotent?A term with several "potentials" is plural. In other words, these cells have the capacity to transform into all more than 200 different cell types in the body. Both induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are reprogrammed from adult tissues, and embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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Complete question:
Suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. How could he test this possibility?
a. Transduce it into somatic cells with Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4 to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
b. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
c. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
d. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
e. Two of the above answers are correct
