Answer: False
Explanation:
Different departments incur different types of costs based on the product that they are producing. It would therefore not be right to use the same rate for all departments as it might capture cost inadequately.
The overhead rate should always take into account the unique circumstances of a department such that costs can be assigned as accurately as possible.
On January 1, 2016, Tessa loaned $12,000 to another company on a three-year, 4% note. No interest was accrued in 2016. Cash will not be received for the interest until the end of the three-year period. The error was discovered before adjusting and closing entries were posted on December 31, 2017. Ignoring income taxes, what should be the correct journal entry on December 31
The journal entry is as follows:
On December 31
Interest Receivable ($12,000 × 4% × 2 years) $960
To Interest Revenue ($12,000 × 4% × 1 year) $480
To Retained Earnings ($12,000 × 4% × 1 years $480
(Being the correct journal entry is recorded)
Here the interest receivable should be debited as it increased the assets and credited the interest revenue & the retained earnings as it increased the revenue and the stockholder equity
Therefore we can conclude that the above journal entry should be recorded.
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Use the cost information below for Laurels Company to determine the manufacturing costs added during the current year:
Direct materials used $5,000
Direct labor used 7,000
Total factory overhead 5,100
Beginning work in process inventory 3,000
Ending work in process inventory 4,000
Answer:
$17,100
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the manufacturing costs added during the current year
Direct materials used $5,000
Add Direct Labor $7,000
Add Total Factory overhead $5,100
Total manufacturing $17,100
($5,000+$7,000+$5,100)
Therefore the manufacturing costs added during the current year is $17,100
High-Low Method
The manufacturing costs of Ackerman Industries for the first three months of the year follow:
Total Costs Units Produced
January $1,900,000 20,000 units
February 2,250,000 27,000
March 2,400,000 30,000
Using the high-low method, determine (a) the variable cost per unit and (b) the total fixed cost.
a. Variable cost per unit $
b. Total fixed cost $
Answer:
Variable cost per unit= $50
Fixed costs= $900,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Total Costs Units Produced
January $1,900,000 20,000 units
February 2,250,000 27,000
March 2,400,000 30,000
To calculate the unitary variable cost and the fixed cost under the high-low method, we need to use the following formulas:
Variable cost per unit= (Highest activity cost - Lowest activity cost)/ (Highest activity units - Lowest activity units)
Variable cost per unit= (2,400,000 - 1,900,000) / (30,000 - 20,000)
Variable cost per unit= $50
Fixed costs= Highest activity cost - (Variable cost per unit * HAU)
Fixed costs= 2,400,000 - (50*30,000)
Fixed costs= $900,000
Fixed costs= LAC - (Variable cost per unit* LAU)
Fixed costs= 1,900,000 - (50*20,000)
Fixed costs= $900,000
Berkeley Corporation has a policy of furnishing new automobiles to the athletic department of the local university. The automobiles are used for short periods of time by the extremely popular head basketball coach. When the automobiles are returned to Berkeley Corporation, they are sole to regular customers. The owner of Berkeley Corporation maintains that any such cars held for more than one year should qualify as Sec. 1231 property. Do you agree?
Answer:
Berkeley Corporation
No. I do not agree with the owner of Berkeley Corporation.
Vehicles or automobiles are section 1245 property and not section 1231.
Explanation:
The IRS regards Section 1231 properties to include buildings, machinery, land, timber, and other natural resources, unharvested crops, cattle, livestock, and leaseholds that are held in a business or trade for at least one year. They are used in trade and not for sale. On the other hand, Section 1245 properties include all depreciable or amortizable tangible personal property, such as furniture, automobiles, and equipment, or other intangible personal property, such as a patent or license.
Based on the information given, it's not section 1231. Therefore, I do not agree with the owner of Berkeley Corporation.
Section 1231 simply means a term that is used to describe a property relating to the United States Internal Revenue Code. Vehicles or automobiles are section 1245 property and not section 1231.
The Internal Revenue Service regards Section 1231 properties like buildings, machinery, land, timber, and other natural resources, unharvested crops, cattle, livestock, etc. Section 1245 represents properties that are depreciable like furniture, automobiles, equipment, etc.
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Rev. Elvin Snider is the ordained minister at Crossroads United Methodist Church. His salary on his Form W-2 is $20,000. He also receives a $12,000 housing allowance. His housing costs for the year are $14,000. What is Rev. Snider's self-employment income?
Answer: $32000
Explanation:
It should be noted that ministers or clergymen can exclude the home rental value or housing cost from the calculation of the gross income
Rev. Snider's self-employment income
Therefore, in this case, Rev. Snider's self-employment income will be:
Salary = $20,000
Add: Housing allowance = $12000
Total = $32000
Using the reciprocal services method, which of the following equations represents the algebraic expressions for the two equations needed to capture the total costs of a Janitorial Department (J) that includes not only $500,000 of direct costs but also 20% of the Maintenance Department (M) cost and a Maintenance Department that includes not only $250,000 of direct costs but also 40% of the Janitorial Department? (Hint: This equation is derived from the two separate equations representing each department's costs.)
a. J = ($500,000 × 0.20) + [($250,000 × 0.20) + J]
b. J = $500,000 – (0.20 × $250,000) – (0.20 × J)
c. J = $500,000 + [(0.20 ÷ $250,000) + (0.40 ÷ J)]
d. J = $500,000 + {0.20 × [$250,000 + (0.40 × J)]}
Answer:
The equation that represents the algebraic expressions for the two equations needed to capture the total costs of the Janitorial Department is:
d. J = $500,000 + {0.20 × [$250,000 + (0.40 × J)]}
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Direct costs Percent of Service Dept.
Janitorial Department (J) $500,000 20% of M
Maintenance Department (M) $250,000 40% of J
b) The reciprocal services method reapportions the costs of the service departments to other service departments using a system of simultaneous equations. With its complications, the reciprocal method is the most accurate and equitable method for apportioning service departments' costs to production departments.
The Assembly Department produced 1,000 units of product during March. Each unit required 1.25 standard direct labor hours. There were 1,300 actual hours used in the Assembly Department during March at an actual rate of $12 per hour. The standard direct labor rate is $12.5 per hour.
Required:
Assuming direct labor for a month is paid on the fifth day of the following month, journalize the direct labor in the Assembly Department on March 31.
Answer:
Debit Work in process for $15,625
Debit Direct labor time variance for $625
Credit Direct labor rate variance for $650
Credit Wage payable for $15,600
Explanation:
Before preparing the journal, the following calculations are done first:
Wage payable = Actual hours * Actual rate per hour = 1,300 * $12 = $15,600
Direct labor time variance = (Actual hours - Standard hours) * Standard direct labor rate = (1,300 - (1,000 * 1.25)) * $12.50 = $625 Unfavorable
Note: Direct labor time variance is Unfavorable because Actual hours is greater than Standard hours.
Direct labor rate variance = (Actual rate - Standard rate) * Actual hours = ($12 - $12.50) * 1,300 = -$650 Favorable
Note: Direct labor rate variance if Favorable because Actual rate is lower than the Standard rate.
Work in process = Wage payable + Absolute value of direct labor rate variance - Direct labor time variance = $15,600 + $650 - $625 = $15,625
The journal entries will now look as follows:
Date Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($)
Mar. 31 Work in process 15,625
Direct labor time variance 625
Direct labor rate variance 650
Wage payable 15,600
(To record the direct labor in the Assembly Department.)
Selected current year company information follows:
Net income $15,953
Net Sales 712,855
Total liabilities, beginning-year 83,932
Total liabilities, end-of-year 103,201
Total stockholders' equity, beginning-year 198,935
Total stockholders' equity, end-of-year 121,851
Total asset turnover is:________.
a. 2.24 times
b. 2.81 times
c. 3.64 times
d. 4.67 times
e. 6.28 times
Answer:
b. 2.81 times
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Total stockholders' equity, end-of-year 121,851
Total asset turnover is:
First step is to calculate the Total assets
Beginning Ending
Total liabilities $83,932 $103,201
Total equity 198,935 121,851
Total assets $282,867 $225,052
Now let determine the Total asset turnover
Total asset turnover = $712,855/[($282,867 + $225,052)/2]
Total asset turnover= 2.81 Times
Therefore Total stockholders' equity, end-of-year 121,851
Total asset turnover is:2.81 Times
A granary allocates the cost of unprocessed wheat to the production of feed, flour, and starch. For the current period, unprocessed wheat was purchased for $120,000, and the following quantities of product and sales revenues were produced.
Product Pounds Price per Pound
Feed 100,000 $ 0.70
Flour 50,000 2.20
Starch 20,000 1.00
How much of the $120,000 cost should be allocated to flour if the value basis is used?
a) $24,500.
b) $84,000.
c) $66,000.
d) $70,000.
e) $200,000.
Answer:
c) $66,000.
Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
The value allocated is as follows:
Feed (100,000 × 0.7)=70,000
Flour (50,000 × 2.2)=110,000
Starch (20,000 × 1)=20,000
Total 200,000
Now allocation to the flour is
= (110,000 ÷ 200,000 × 120,000)
= $66,000
hence, the option c is correct
A portfolio manager believes interest rates will drop and decides to sell short-duration bonds and buy long-duration bonds. This is an example of _____________ swap.
a. a pure yield pickup
b. a substitution
c. a rate anticipation
d. an intermarket spread
Answer:
C) a rate anticipation
Explanation:
A rate anticipation swap can be regarded as a bond trading strategy that is used whereby there is exchange of exchanges of bond portfolio by trader in anticipation of expected interest rate movements.
Rate anticipation swap can be regarded as trading strategy involving
bonds swapping on the basis of varying maturity dates. this bond swapping are done according to their present period as well as their movement rate prediction.
The following production data were taken from the records of the Finishing Department for June: Inventory in process, June 1 (35% completed) 5,000 units Completed units during June 64,500 units Ending inventory (63% complete) 4,400 units What is the number of material equivalent units of production in the June 30, Finishing Department inventory, assuming that the first-in, first-out method is used to cost inventories and materials were added at the beginning of the process?
a. 4,400 units
b. 59,500 units
c. 68,900 units
d. 63,900 units
Answer:
d. 63,900 units
Explanation:
Particulars Unit
Beginning inventory -
Units started and completed 59,500 [64,500 - 5,000]
Closing WIP for materials 4,400
Equivalent units for materials 63,900
So, the number of material equivalent units of production in the June 30, Finishing Department inventory is 63,900 units
phân tích phạm trù hàng hoá sức loa động theo quan điểm cua chủ nghĩa mác.Thực trạng thị trường sức lao động ở nước ta hiện nay. Là sinh viên trường đại học anh chị nhận thấy mình có trách nhiệm gì trong việc nâng cao chất lượng nguồn nhân lực đáp ứng yêu cầu của sự nghiệp công nghiệp hoá đất nước
Your boss asked you to analyze Green Hamster Manufacturing's performance for the past three years and prepare a report that includes a benchmarking of the company's performance. Using the company's last three years of financial reports, you've calculated its financial ratios, including the ratios of Green Hamster Manufacturing's competition-that is, comparable ratios of other participants in the industry-and submitted the report.
Along with calculating the ratios, what else is needed for your report?
a. Making observations and identifying trends that are suggested by the ratio analysis
b. Identifying the factors that drive the trends in the ratios
c. Both of the above
Most decision makers and analysts use five groups of ratios to examine the different aspects of a company's performance. Indicate whether each of the following statements regarding financial ratios are true or false?
Statements
One possible explanation for an increase in a firm's profitability ratios over a certain time span is that the company's income has increased.
Market-value or market-based ratios help analysts figure out what investors and the markets think about the firm's growth prospects or current and future operational performance.
A company exhibiting a high liquidity ratio means it is likely to have enough resources to pay off its short-term obligations.
Debt or financial leverage ratios help analysts determine whether a company has sufficient cash to repay its short-term debt obligations.
Asset management or activity ratios provide insights into management's efficiency in using a firm's working capital and long- term assets.
Ratio analysis is an important component of evaluating company performance. It can provide great insights into how a company matches up against itself over time and against other players within the industry. However, like many tools and techniques, ratio analysis has a few limitations and weaknesses. Which of the following statements represent a weakness or limitation of ratio analysis?
A. A firm may operate in multiple industries.
B. A firm's financial statements show only one period of financial data.
C. Different firms may use different accounting practices.
Ratio analysis is an important component of evaluating company performance. It can provide great insights into how a company matches up against itself over time and against other players within the industry. However, like many tools and techniques, ratio analysis has a few limitations and weaknesses.
Answer:
1. c. Both of the above
2. a. False
b. True
c. True
d. False
e. True
f. True
3. c. Different firms may use different accounting practices.
Explanation:
Ratio Analysis is one of the method to evaluate a company performance. It helps to analyse a company performance based on different financial metrics. Profitability ratios help to understand company profits position and identify reason for their increase or decrease. Liquidity ratios help understand company's ability to payoff its short term debt obligations.
You purchased an automobile a year ago for $10,000. Its current market price is $6,000, and the expected market value one year from now is $4,000. If the interest rate is 10 percent, how much will it cost you to keep the car for an additional year (over and above operation and maintenance costs)
Answer: $2600
Explanation:
From the information given, the cost price of the automobile is $10000 but the current market price is $6000. If the automobile is old now for $6000 and the money is kept in a bank for.one year at an interest rate of 10%, then the interest gotten on it will be:
= $6000 × 10% × 1
= $600
In a situation whereby the automobile is sold the following year, then the price will be $4,000 and I will get $4,000. Therefore, the cost for keeping the car for an additional year will then be:
= (Current price - Future price) + Interest amount
= ($6,000 - $4,000) + $600
= $2,600.
Front Company had net income of $73,500 based on variable costing. Beginning and ending inventories were 900 units and 1,400 units, respectively. Assume the fixed overhead per unit was $7.95 for both the beginning and ending inventory. What is net income under absorption costing
Answer:
$77,475
Explanation:
Calculation to determine net income under absorption costing
Using this formula
Net income=Net income+(Ending inventories×fixed overhead per unit)- (Beginning Inventories × Fixed overhead per unit)
Let plug in the formula
Net income=$73,500 + (1,400 units x $7.95) - (900 x $7.95)
Net income=$73,500+$11,130-$7,155
Net income=$77,475
Therefore net income under absorption costing is $77,475
Mewing Company net sales revenue of $100,000, operating expenses of $50,000, and net income of $25,000. What is the percentage that will be shown for operating expenses in the vertical (common size) income statement
Answer:
poop is the place to go. as long a as there is a bathroom nearby
At the end of the first year of operations, 21,500 units remained in the finished goods inventory. The unit manufacturing costs during the year were as follows:
Direct materials $30
Direct labor 18
Fixed factory overhead 22
Variable factory overhead 14
Required:
Determine the cost of the finished goods inventory reported on the balance sheet under (a) the absorption costing concept and (b) the variable costing concept.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the cost of the finished goods inventory reported is as follows:
Absorption costing is
= ($30 + $18 + $22 + $14) × 21,500 units
= $1,806,000
And,
Variable costing is
= ($30 + $18 + 14) × 21,500
= $1,333,000
In this way the cost of the finished goods inventory should be determined
Kết luận sự thích ứng tâm lý của sinh viên năm nhất
Answer:
I think I should ask in English language
If contribution margin is $220000, sales is $400000, and net income is $180000, then variable and fixed expenses are:________
Answer:
Total variable cost= $180,000
Fixed costs= $40,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Contribution margin= $220,000
Sales= $400,000
Net income= $180,000
The contribution margin formula is as follow:
Total Contribution margin= sales - total variable cost
Therefore, we need to isolate the total variable cost and replace the variable with the data:
Total variable cost= sales - total contribution margin
Total variable cost= 400,000 - 220,000
Total variable cost= $180,000
Finally, the fixed costs:
Fixed costs= total contribution margin - net income
Fixed costs= 220,000 - 180,000
Fixed costs= $40,000
Give examples if operational conflicts that could occur in a cross- cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism. Give a country or region that would be different from the US for each of the two variables.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Give examples of operational conflicts that could occur in a cross-cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism.
Well, let's start with time. In the United States, time is of the utmost importance. There we have the old saying: "Time is money."
In the workplace, everything is based on the smart and efficient use of time. No time must be wasted in the workplace.
Individual effort is important in the American culture, but the team effort, the concept of being a good team player is very important under the following premise: teams can accomplish more than individuals.
What most Americans desire is individual recognition through team effort.
That is why team sports are so good in the United States because they exemplify the way teams function and what they can accomplish. For instance, college and pro football, basketball, and baseball.
The region that has a different approach, is Latin America. This does not mean that is better than the other, just that there are major differences between the two.
The management of time is very different in Latin American countries. It is not as important as the US. People in Latin America approach the concept of time in a more relaxed way. In Latin America, there is a more relaxed approach to time. Nothing is urgent, Things take time. Things are made at a different pace compared to the US.
And regarding individualism, Latin American people tend to prefer to be more individualistic to do things trying to get some recognition, The team concept is not as developed as in the US.
Ransom Widgets allocates the estimated cost of its accounting department, $200,000, to its production and sales departments since the accounting department supports these departments with regard to payroll and accounts payable functions. The accounting department costs will be allocated based on the number of employees using the direct method. Information regarding employees follows:
Department Employees
Accounting 4
Production 36
Sales 12
How much of the accounting department costs will be allocated to the production and sales departments, respectively?
a. Production Sales
$150,000 $50,000
b. Production Sales
$180,000 $60,000
c. Production Sales
$1,800,000 $600,000
d. Production Sales
$22,222 $66,667
Answer:
a. Production Sales
$150,000 $50,000
Explanation:
Given that
Number of employees in Production Dept. 36
Number of employees in Sales Dept. 12
So,
Total Number of employees is
= 36 + 12
=48
Now
Cost allocated to Production Dept. is
= $200,000 × 36 ÷ 48
= $150,000.00
And, the Cost allocated to Sales Dept. is
= $200,000 × 12 ÷ 48
= $50,000.00
Daphne Inc., a steel manufacturing company, is planning to buy a new plant at $1,090,000. The life of the plant is estimated to be 5 years and has cash flows of $109,000, $218,000, $327,000, $436,000, and $545,000. Calculate the payback period for the new plant.
a. 5 years
b. 2 years
c. 4 years
d. 3 years
Answer:
The payback period is exactly 4 years.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Initial investment= $1,090,000
Cf1= 109,000
Cf2= 218,000
Cf3= 327,000
Cf4= 436,000
Cf5= 545,000
The payback period is the time required to cover the initial investment:
Year 1= 109,000 - 1,090,000= -981,000
Year 2= 218,000 - 981,000= -763,000
Year 3= 327,000 - 763,000= 436,000
Year 4= 436,000 - 436,000= 0
The payback period is exactly 4 years.
Your company is considering a project that will cost $100. The project will generate after-tax cash flows of $37.50 per year for five years. The WACC is 10 percent and the firm's D/A ratio is 0.70. The flotation cost for equity is 6 percent, the flotation cost for debt is 3 percent, and your firm does not plan on issuing any preferred stock within its capital structure. If your firm follows the practice of incorporating flotation costs into the project's initial investment, what is the weighted average flotation cost for the firm
Answer:
3.9%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the weighted-average flotation cost for the firm
Using this formula
Weighted-average flotation cost =D/A ratio(Flotation cost for debt)+ Flotation cost for debt(Flotation cost for equity)
Let plug in the formula
Weighted-average flotation cost=.7(3%) + .3(6%)
Weighted-average flotation cost=.0021+.0018
Weighted-average flotation cost=.0039*100
Weighted-average flotation cost= 3.9%
Therefore the weighted-average flotation cost for the firm is 3.9%
What are the purposes of the Democratic leadership style?
Answer:
#It brings peace in the society.
#It increases the growth/development of a society.
#It enables civilians of a society to express themselves.
Answer:
Democratic leadership is a type of leadership in which the Group's members play a more participatory role.
Explanation:
This leadership style allows everyone to participate, discuss ideas, hear their views, and encourage debate. However, the group leader still needs guidance and guidance to achieve the goals and goals.
Members of the Group are encouraged to share opinions and ideas, even if the leader retains the last say in decisions.Group members feel more committed to the process.Creativity is promoted and recompensed.As there is group engagement and discussion, more thoughts and ideas lead to better ideas and solutions, the main benefit of a democratic leadership style.
The participants in a group participate more in and engage in projects that increase their investment in the final results. In essence, they care more and increase productivity.
The following is the data for Lauren Enterprises:
Selling and administrative expenses $75,000
Direct materials used 265,000
Direct labor (25,000 hours) 300,000
Factory overhead application rate $16 per DLH
Inventories
Beginning Ending
Direct materials $50,000 $45,000
Work in process 75,000 90,000
Finished goods 40,000 25,000
What is the cost of goods manufactured?
a. $1,115,000
b. $965,000
c. $955,000
d. $950,000
Answer:
b. $965,000
Explanation:
Calculation of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Particulars Amount
Direct material used $265,000
Direct labor $300,000
Factory overhead $400,000
Total manufacturing cost $965,000
Emmitt uses his leadership and position to produce effects on others and influence his followers. What term is used to describe this ability of leadership?
a. Coercion
b. Force
c. Power
d. Authority
Answer:
c. Power
Explanation:
Leadership can be defined as a process which typically involves motivating, encouraging and inspiring employees working under an individual to be innovative and create positive changes that will foster growth and enhance the success of a business firm or company in the future.
A leader can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of controlling, managing and maintaining a group of people under him or her. Some types of power expressed by leaders are referent power, legitimate power, coercive power, etc.
Generally, leaders use their powers to get other people to follow them. Some forms of power result from a formalized position in the organization while others are derived from personal characteristics or knowledge.
In this scenario, Emmitt uses his leadership and formal position to produce effects on others and influence his followers. Thus, the terminology which is used to describe Emmit's ability of leadership is power.
In conclusion, power is based on three (3) main factors, which are leader, follower and situation.
Efficiency in a market is achieved when:_______.
a. a social planner intervenes and sets the quantity of output after evaluating buyers' willingness to pay and sellers' costs.
b. the sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus is maximized.
c. all firms are producing the good at the same low cost per unit.
d. no buyer is willing to pay more than the equilibrium price for any unit of the good.
Answer:
B. The sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus is maximized.
The strategy underlying price discrimination is Group of answer choices to charge higher prices to customers who have good substitutes available to them and lower prices to customers without many substitutes available to them.. to charge everyone the same price but limit the quantity they are allowed to buy. to increase total revenue by charging higher prices to those with the most inelastic demand for the product and lower prices to those with the most elastic demand. to reduce per-unit cost by charging higher prices to those with the most inelastic demand and lower prices to those with the most elastic demand.
Answer:
to increase total revenue by charging higher prices to those with the most inelastic demand for the product and lower prices to those with the most elastic demand.
Explanation:
Price discrimination is when the same product is sold at different prices to customers in different markets
types of price discrimination
1. first degree price discrimination : here sellers charge each consumer at their willingness to pay in order to eliminate consumer surplus.
2. second degree price discrimination : here firms offer different prices depending on the quantity purchased. e.g. giving discounts for bulk purchases.
3, third degree price discrimination : firms charge different prices to different groups of customers. e.g. having a certain price for senior citizens, students
Requirements to practice successful price discrimination
1. The firm must have market power. If the firm does not have market power and attempts to price discriminate they would lose customers
2. The firm must have different elasticities of demand for their product in different markets. the firm should charge the higher price in the market with the less elastic demand.
3. The firm must be able to segment the market for their products
4. the firm's product should have a lot of close substitutes.
Prove shylock is stubborn
Joss is a marketing consultant. Iris and Daphne are potential customers interested in commissioning Joss to undertake a market survey and compile the findings in a report. Iris is willing to pay $500 for the service while Daphne is willing to pay $800. Suppose that the opportunity cost of Joss's time is $1,200. Assume that Iris and Daphne do not know each other. Which of the following statements is true?
a. only Iris will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job for her.
b. only Daphne will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job for her.
c. both Iris and Daphne will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job.
d. both Iris and Daphne will want to purchase Joss's services but Joss will not be willing to undertake the job.
Answer: d. both Iris and Daphne will want to purchase Joss's services but Joss will not be willing to undertake the job.
Explanation:
Iris will want Joss's services but they will be unable to afford them as Iris is only willing to pay $500 whereas Joss wants $1,200 for the job.
The same goes for Daphne who is only willing to pay $800.
Both of them will therefore want to hire Joss but will be unable to.
Joss could however charge both of them their willingness to pay and then sum the cash up and give them both the research whilst still making a profit.
