Answer:
aa
Explanation:
In genetics, a test cross is a cross performed to determine the unknown genotype of a phenotypically dominant organism. The test cross is done by crossing the unknown genotype with a homzygous recessive organism. The result of this cross tell us whether the unknown genotype is heterozygous or homzygous dominant.
According to this question, a test cross was conducted involving a pure breeding plant with a plant suspected to be heterozygous (Aa). Based on the explanation of a test cross above, the genotype of the pure-breeding plant will be "aa". Note; it must be recessive.
explain what it means to view something from a frae of reference. provide an example that illustrate your explanation.
Answer:
ex. where you are standing now
a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is moving.
Explanation:
in physics, a frame of reference, or reference frame, is a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is moving. ... For example, when you see a ball roll down a street, you can tell the ball is moving because the frame of reference is the streets, whatever may be on the side of the roads, or the Earth.
wikipedia
Which isn’t an example of a matrix in which organisms may become fossilized
Answer:
where's the options for this question?
:/
there is no option?? ?
Individuals with premutation length repeats in FMR1 may have some of the phenotypes of Fragile X but not others, which is _____________; for example, some individuals may have cognitive deficiencies, while others might have late onset ataxia. In addition, some individuals will have no phenotypes of the condition at all, due to ____________.
Answer:
variable expressivity; incomplete penetrance
Explanation:
In genetics, variable expressivity refers to the fact that individuals having the same alleles/genes/genotype associated with a particular genetic condition may exhibit different clinical features of this condition. In general, variable expressivity is due to the combination of both genetic and environmental factors. An example of variable expressivity is the Marfan syndrome, where all individuals with this disorder have a dominant mutation in the FBN1 (fibrillin 1) gene and show different degrees of the same phenotype. Moreover, incomplete penetrance (also known as reduced penetrance) refers to the complete absence of a genetic trait or disease in individuals having alleles/genes/genotype associated with the condition. In consequence, individuals with incomplete penetrance do not develop features of the disease. An example of incomplete penetrance is given by those individuals with mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes (associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer) that do not develop cancer.
The passage suggests that in designing the experiment, Johnson relied on the fact that A) fungal hyphae warn beanstalks of danger if a nearby plant is attacked. B) wasps are harmful to the ongoing existence of broad bean plants. C) broad bean plants release noxious chemicals to ward off infestation. D) aphids are able to withstand the aggressive maneuvers used by wasps.
A biologist thinks the population of chipmunks will be in the range of 2900 to 3100 in the year 2000. Is that a reasonable guess? Why or why not?
Answer:
No
Why not:
The midpoint of range is 3000. Yes, in from 1950-1955 there was a massive increase of the population of chipmunks but from then on it slowly decreased until 1990. In 1995, the population doubled from 1990. If you double 1440, you will get 2880. The biologist said between 2900-3100, using the midpoint of this range (3000) it is too low therefore being a bit unreasonable.
Hoped it is correct and helped you!
¿Qué nombres reciben los tejidos que dan
origen a los tejidos adultos de las plantas?
a. Tejidos diferenciados
b. Tejidos indiferenciados (meristemos)
c. Tejidos vegetales
Answer:
D
Explanation:
You are carrying a case of 24 bottles of water up the stairs to your third-story apartment. What type of contraction are the muscles in your arms experiencing
Answer:
Concentric contraction.
Explanation:
Concentric contraction is a type of contraction that the muscles in arms experiencing when an individual lifting 24 bottles of water up the stairs. A concentric contraction is a type of muscle activation that creates tension on your muscle as it shortens. As your muscle shortens, it produces enough force to move an object in the upward direction. In weight training we can easily see concentric movement.
A muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is eliminated is said to exhibit _______. Question 13 options: tetanus recruitment treppe wave summation
Answer:
tetanus
Explanation:
Tetanus causes a strong tonic contraction in skeletal muscles. This triggers a series of intermittent, progressive, and extremely painful muscle spasms. Tetanus is presented by patients who have stimulated a muscle too often, without allowing a moment of rest.
Which of the cardiac cell characteristics describes the
ability to initiate an electrical impulse?
Answer:
The correct answer is: automaticity.
Explanation:
Cardiac muscle has several properties. These properties are: automaticity (given by the pacemaker cells), conductivity (meaning that each cardiac cell can transmit the electrical impulse to the next cardiac cells), contractility (like other types of muscles, cardiac muscle cells can contract), and irritability (each cell can contract on its own without the external stimuli).
Cardiac pacemaker cells are the ones with the capacity to initiate the electrical impulse by creating rhythmic impulses called action potentials, and thus directly regulating heart rate.
Pacemaker cells are located in the sinoatrial (SA) node, in the upper portion of the right atrial wall. In these cells, depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins, and the electrical impulse generated by it is transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node, the His bundle and then the Purkinje fibers - this order of events is necessary for the correct contraction of the heart to occur. All of these structures are part of the Conduction System of the heart.
D - Telophase
C - Anaphase
A - Prophase
B - Metaphase
th
Choose the correct description for each phase of mitosis.
Answer:
A-B-C-D
Explanation:
PROPHASE; 1. chromosomes become thicker
2. nuclear membrane disintegrates
3. centrosome divide to form centrioles
4. centrioles move to the opposite polls of the cell
METAPHASE; 1. chromosomes get arranged at the equator
2. centrioles produce spindle fibre that attach to the middle of the chromosomes
ANAPHASE; 1. shortest stage of mitosis
2. spindles will pull apart each chromosomes to form chromatids
TELLOPHASE; 1. each chromatid moves to opposite polls of the cell
2. nuclear membrane appears around both of them
3. the centrioles sill stop producing spindles
4. centrosomes will then form again
cytokinesis then divides by the cleavage furrow to form the two daughter cells
oxygen is carried by blood to all the cells of body in the form of ___________
Answer:
Oxygen is carried by blood to all the cells of the body in the form of haemoglobin.
Explanation:
Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms:
(1) dissolved in plasma and red blood cells water (about 2% of the total)
(2) reversibly bound to haemoglobin (about 98% of the total).
Haemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells and carries oxygen around our bodies. At the same time, carbon dioxide that is dissolved in the blood comes out of the capillaries back into the air sacs, ready to be breathed out.
18. Why are enzymes important to cells?
о
They provide structural support.
о
They form the two layers of membranes.
They store large quantities of energy.
о
They help bring about chemical reactions
Answer:
An enzyme is a type of protein found within a cell. Enzymes create chemical reactions in the body. They actually speed up the rate of a chemical reaction to help support life.
A particular cross gives a modified dihybrid ratio of 9:7. What phenotypic ratio would you expect in a testcross of the fully heterozygous F1 crossed with the fully recessive type
Answer:
3:1
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
In 1985 a biologist counted 750 pine trees in a 250 hectare forest. Using similar counting techniques, the biologist counted 1,250 pine trees in 1990 and 1,500 pines in 1995.
What was the average change of the size of the population from 1985 to 1995?
What was the density of pine trees each year that they were counted?
What was the average change of density from 1985 to 1995?
Answer:
Suppose that we have a given function f(x)
The average rate of change of the function between two values x₁ and x₂ is given by:
[tex]r = \frac{f(x_2) - f(x_1)}{x_2 - x_1}[/tex]
a) We want to find the average (rate) of change on the size of population from 1985 to 1995.
We have that:
f(1985) = 750
f(1995) = 1500
Then we have:
[tex]r = \frac{1500 - 750}{1995 - 1985} = 750/10 = 75[/tex]
This means that the population of trees increases, in average, at a rate of 75 trees per year.
b) What is the density of trees each year that they were counted?
This will be equal to the quotient between the number of trees and the area.
1985: number of trees = 750 pines
area = 250 ha
Then the density is:
D(1985) = (750 pines)/(250 ha) = 3 pines/ha
So 1985, there were 3 pines per hectare.
1990: number of trees = 1250 pines
area = 250 ha
Then the density is:
D(1990) = (1250 pines)/(250 ha) = 5 pines/ha
1995: number of trees = 1500 pines
area = 250 ha
The density is:
D(1995) = (1500 pines)/(250 ha) = 6 pines/ha
3) now we want to get the average change between 1985 and 1995 in the density, this will be:
[tex]r = \frac{D(1995) - D(1885)}{1995 - 1985} = \frac{6 pines/ha - 3pines/ha}{10} = 0.3 pines/ha[/tex]
So, on average, each year the number of pines per hectare increases by 0.3
The extinction vortex represents the idea that even if an organism is extant, it may have a gene pool that will not support its long-term survival.A. TrueB. False
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Extinction vortex is a model used by scientists to understand extinction dynamics within a community. This model allows scientists to assess and understand how a population can become highly vulnerable to elements of its habitat, becoming increasingly apt for extinction. According to this model, any organism is capable of extinction, as all are susceptible to having a gene pool that will not allow its survival, regardless of the environment.
Cystic fibrosis is most common in individuals of Northern European descent, affecting 1 in 3200 newborns. Assuming that these alleles are at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the disease-causing CFTR alleles in this population
Answer:
0.0177
Explanation:
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, thereby an individual must have both copies of the CFTR mutant alleles to have this disease. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p² represents the frequency of the homo-zygous dominant genotype (normal phenotype), q² represents the frequency of the homo-zygous recessive genotype (cystic fibrosis phenotype), and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (individuals that carry one copy of the CFTR mutant allele). Moreover, under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the sum of the dominant 'p' allele frequency and the recessive 'q' allele frequency is equal to 1. In this case, we can observe that the frequency of the homo-zygous recessive condition for cystic fibrosis (q²) is 1/3200. In consequence, the frequency of the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis can be calculated as follows:
1/3200 = q² (have two CFTR mutant alleles) >>
q = √ (1/3200) = 1/56.57 >>
- Frequency of the CFTR allele q = 1/56.57 = 0.0177
- Frequency of the dominant 'normal' allele p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.0177 = 0.9823
7. Shawn plotted the data in a bar graph with two bars: one representing the number of bees per colony in the control cages and the other representing the number of bees per colony in the cages exposed to the fungicide. If the results support the hypothesis that fungicides harm bee development, what would you expect this bar graph to show? Describe the expected pattern in a few sentences.
Answer:
The first bar increases in length as compared to the second bar.
Explanation:
The length of the bar of control cages in graph increases because the number of bees per colony increases while on the other hand, the length of the bar of the cage that is exposed to fungicides decreases because the bees are negatively affected from the application of fungicides. They act abnormal in behaviour and adversely affected the reproduction of bees that greatly affected its population.
do both plant cells and prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes
What is added to tacos, burritos, and soups that is
high in fiber?
Answer: flax seed whole wheat tortillas.
1⁄2 cup low-fat refried beans.
1⁄4 cup low-fat cheddar cheese.
leaves lettuce.
1⁄ cup salsa.
1⁄4 cup fat free sour cream.
Pinto beans are added to tacos, burritos, and soups that are high in fiber.
What are fibers and their types?The body is unable to digest fiber, which is a form of carbohydrate. While fiber cannot be converted into glucose, the sugar that results from the breakdown of most carbs, fiber travels through the body undigested.
The solubility, viscosity, and fermentability of dietary fibers, which have an impact on how they are metabolized by the body, can be used to classify them in general. Dietary fibers have a wide range of chemical compositions.
Fibre comes in two varieties: soluble and insoluble. Both are crucial for good health, digestion, and illness prevention. Thus, Pinto beans are added to tacos, burritos, and soups that are high in fiber.
Learn more about fibers, here:
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I need help asap
I need help asap
Answer:
c
Explanation:
i dont care
If 622 water molecules were removed during the synthesis of a specific polysaccharide, how many monomers were joined together to make this molecule? need help please and thank you
Answer:
623 monomers
Explanation:
In a dehydration synthesis reaction, one water molecule is removed for every bond that is created between 2 monomers.
Linking 3 monomers together would remove 2 water molecules.
Following this pattern, the number of water molecules removed will always be one less than the number of monomers that were joined together.
So, if 622 water molecules were removed, then 623 monomers were joined together.
The answer is 623 monomers.
Where does crude oil come from?
A. Bauxite reserves
B. Ancient sea life
C. Volcanic magma
D. Ancient plants
Answer:
B. Ancient sea life
characteristics of Pisces
Answer:
Pisces are known as amazingly imaginative, creative, empathetic, and kind, they can also be overly sentimental, impressionable, and closed off.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
we should conserve environment give reason
Answer:
for healthy living and long life
Further studies of the genes in the region around the MHC locus identified C4 as a likely causative gene. A particular allele of C4 was significantly associated with schizophrenia. In addition, it was found that individuals with high expression of this allele of C4 had elevated risk of developing schizophrenia. Which of the following variants would be most likely to increase risk of schizophrenia from this allele?
a. a variant that decreases binding of an activating transcription factor to the C4 promoter
b. a 5’ UTR variant that destabilizes the C4 mRNA
c. a duplication of the C4 gene
d. a nonsense coding variant
Answer:
c. a duplication of the C4 gene
Explanation:
Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the brain, which is characterized by an imbalance of neurotransmitters and the presence of damaged brain tissues. In humans, the Complement component 4 (C4) protein is found at the neurons (i.e., cell bodies, dendrites and axons), which are the most common brain cells, and neuronal synapses. Moreover, gene duplication can increase gene expression when repressive mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation at promoter sites) capable of silencing the expression of the duplicated gene are lacking. Recently, it has been discovered that a chromosome rearrangement associated with a tandem duplication of a genomic region that contains a C4 gene may contribute to schizophrenia risk by increasing the expression of this gene. In this example, a, b and d options are associated with a decrease in expression of the C4 gene, either by decreasing its transcription (options a and d) or by posttranscriptional mechanisms (option c).
Two species of closely related frogs are found in the same pond high in the Andes of South America. Both species only have teeth on the top jaw. One has small teeth for holding small live prey prior to swallowing. The other species has very large sharp teeth for injuring and killing large prey prior to biting off pieces of flesh for consumption. The above is an example of:
Complete question:
Two species of closely related frogs are found in the same pond high in the Andes of South America. Both species only have teeth on the top jaw. One has small teeth for holding small live prey prior to swallowing. The other species has very large sharp teeth for injuring and killing large prey prior to biting off pieces of flesh for consumption. The above is an example of:
Directional selectionAnalogous structuresCharacter displacementHybridization Vestigial structuresAnswer:
Character displacementExplanation:
Competition is an ecological and evolutive process very common in nature. Competition might be intra- or interspecific. Competition between different species in a community or ecosystem might be due to the same resource use, or the same territory, shelter, etcetera. When a resource is useful for two or more species, and limited, they compete to gain it.
The principle of competitive exclusion states that different species with the same requirements sharing the niche can not coexist indefinitely based on the same limited resource. When two competing species coexist, this is because of niche partitioning or niche differentiation.
Differentiation of effective niche is closely related to character displacement.
Character displacement is the result of interspecific competition, in which two or more species that live in the same habitat manage to avoid competition by developing different traits. Morphological divergence, or any adaptative trait development, fixated genetically, is the product of niche segregation. Species tend to differentiate morphologically in the presence of strong competitors. Traits divergence favors coexistence in the same place.
In the exposed example, both species live in the same pond. But to avoid competition and competitive exclusion, species developed different teeth sizes to feed on different prey items.
choose the letter of the correct answer 1. Which one of the following is NOT an organic compound? a. Methane b. Carbon dioxide d. Lactic acid C. Oil
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Complete these sentences by matching the phrases below.
When light
waves are
emitted by a
moving source,
scientists can
?
the Doppler effect.
measure:
Scientists smash
together tiny bits
of matter using:
?
cosmic microwave
background radiation,
Scientists
extrapolate
backwards in
time to derive:
?
particle accelerators.
The extremely
low temperature
of outer space
can be explained
as:
?
the Big Bang theory
NEED HELP ASAP!
The Doppler Effect talks about the frequency of sound and light as the source and person move. So, When light waves are emitted by a moving source, scientists can measure = the Doppler effect.
Cosmic microwave background radiation has the word "cosmic" in it, so you can assume it has to do with space automatically. There is radiation in space too, so I'm pretty sure that The extremely low temperature of outer space can be explained as = cosmic microwave background radiation.
Particle accelerators are these big machines that usually smash protons/electrons together, so Scientists smash together tiny bits of matter using = particle accelerators.
And now, by process of elimination and because the Big Bang Theory talks about the creation of Earth, we know that Scientists extrapolate backwards in time to derive = the Big Bang Theory.
In pea plants, flowers are either white or purple: the purple color is produced by pigments called anthocyanins. The production of anthocyanins is a two-step process: the first step is controlled by the C gene and the second by the P gene. Both genes must produce functional proteins for anthocyanin to be produced. This is an example of:
Answer:
This is an example of gene translation.
Explanation:
Gene translation refers to the genetic process where a set of genes is used to create amino acids that will be responsible for creating a protein needed to perform some function or characteristic of the organism. In the question above, we can see that anthocyanin, responsible for the pigment of flowers, is created through the work of proteins that are created from gebes C and P. This is an example of gene translation, as it presents the formation of proteins regulated by genes.
If a diploid cell has 20 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present
during PROPHASE of MITOSIS?
Answer:
92 chromatids
Explanation:
During phosphate, the nuclear envelope of the cell (which is where the 92 chromatids are contained) begins to break down. The centrioles, which are the only present in animal cells, separate and each moves to an opposite end of the cell
