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The Kinetic Chain is an engineering concept used to describe human movement. It is used in a wide variety of clinical condition including musculoskeletal, sports medicine, neuro rehabilitation, prosthetic and orthotics.

The concept of Kinetic Chain was introduced by Franz Reuleaux in 1875. According to him overlapping segments were connected via joints and this created a system where movement ay one joint produced or affected movement at another joint in the kinetic link.

Two types of Kinetic Chain are:

Open Chain:

It is a combination of successively arranged joints in which terminal segment can move freely. Thus the distal segment of the extremity is free to move in space, example- Waving a hand

Characteristics:

- Characterized by a rotary stress pattern at the joint.

- Occur in one primary axis

- The number of simultaneously moving segment is typically limited to one.

- These types of exercises allow for more isolated muscle activation because less muscle co-contraction is used to perform the movement.

Closed Chain:

It is when the distal segment meets considerable external resistance prohibiting free movement. It is a system where neither the proximal nor the distal segment can move.

Characteristics:

- Linear stress pattern produced at the tibiofemoral joint due to axial joint loading.

- Movement at multiple joints and multiple -joint axes at hip, knee, subtalar joints.

- Simultaneous movement occurs at both segment.

The insertion and origin muscles are two different places where the bone is attached one at each end. Enthesis is the connective tissue between this attachment.

Insertion Muscles- The insertion muscles are connections to the bone via tendons. It is attached to the more movable bone.

Thus, this muscle is responsible for body movement. It is usually the distal end and has less mass.

Origin Muscles- Origin is the proximal site that stays more stable and relatively fixed during muscle contraction.

The head is a portion at the end of the origin muscle where it fixes to the bone. Some muscles can have more than one head.

Difference between two:

1. Insertion is more movable compared to Origin muscles as the former is attached to bone via tendons whereas the latter is less movable as it is attached via bone.

2. Insertion is a distal end attached to more movable bone whereas origin is proximal end attached to the less movable bone.

3. Insertion has less muscle mass whereas Origin has more muscle mass

4. Insertion moves with muscle contraction whereas Origin doesn't move during Muscle Contraction.

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Explanation:

The difference between the universe and the galaxy is that the universe refers to everything that exist, including galaxies and the space between them whereas the galaxy is a massive cluster of stars held together by gravity.

Answer:The universe refers to everything that exists,including galaxies and the space between them while the galaxy is a massive cluster of stars ⭐️ (Million or billion)held together by gravity. The Milky Way is the name of the galaxy I. Which we live.

Explanation:

Answer:

Like amoeba.

Explanation:

The Physarum polycephalum respond like amoeba to the oatmeal flakes that is placed on the agar in the petri dish because it ingests solid food particles in the same way as an amoeba do and can also absorb dissolved nutrients. Physarum polycephalum feed like amoeba by using its membrane or outer layer surrounding the food particles such as oatmeal flakes and take inside the body for digestion of that food particles.

Answer:

No

Explanation:

But they are the only part of plants that absorb water

No roots are not the only organs in a plant that needs water.

What are roots of plant?

Roots are organs of higher plants that absorbs water and mineral ions from soil. Two main type of root system is observed in plants: Tap root system and Fibrous root system. Tap root systems are found in dicotyledonous angiosperms (such as pea) and gymnosperms (such as pine) whereas Fibrous root system is mostly observed monocotyledonous angiosperms (such as wheat or rice).

The three main primary function of the roots are:

1. They anchor the plant to the soil.

2. Absorb water and mineral ions from the soil to be later used by the plant.

3. It acts as food reserve.

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Answer:

The egg

Explanation:

When aquatic creatures evolved to walk on land, they laid eggs. One of those eggs became a chicken.

Answer:

Egg

Explanation:

According to science chicken because fusion take place first

Answer:

i think they found a hydrocarbon ring

Answer:

Explanation:

Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch.

Answer:

D. Active transport.

Explanation:

Active transport is the method that uses the ATP's energy to move ions and molecules from one side to the other of the membrane. The elements move from a place of lower concentration to one of a higher concentration. They move against their concentration gradient, which is why they need the energy to do it. There are two types of active transport, primary and secondary.

The primary active transport is ion pumps that hydrolyze ATP using one of the phosphates of the ATP to change the pump's shape and move the elements against their concentration gradient. It uses the ATP's energy directly.

The secondary active transport does not use ATP directly. It uses the electrochemical gradient that the primary transport had created when hydrolyzing ATP to transport the ions and molecules.

A bacterial cell doesn't have organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria or chloroplasts.

Answer:

specialization. okokooooook

The natural mineral form of iron oxide is called hematite  The mineral,  which contains 70% pure Fe, ranges in color from metallic dull to vivid black to steel-gray.  Thus, option D is correct.

Oxides of many significant metals are common. Iron oxides include hematite (Fe2O3), which has a ratio of two iron atoms to three oxygen atoms, and magnetite, which has a ratio of three iron atoms to four oxygen atoms. The most magnetic mineral is magnetite.

On the surface of the Earth, it is the mineral that is most common. There are numerous other applications for hematite.

It is employed in the production of pigments, polishing, heavy media separation, jewelry making, and home energization. In addition to these, it has therapeutic properties.

Therefore, hematite mineral is produced when two atoms of iron chemically combine with three atoms of oxygen.

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Answer:

d. a decrease in heart rate.

Explanation:

As the altitude rises, the number of oxygen molecules in the air decreases. Lower oxygen levels at high altitudes stimulate the release of erythropoietin (EPO), which is associated with the increased red blood cells, i.e., it enables more oxygen molecules to be transported to cells and tissues. Moreover, at high latitudes, the increased hemoglobin (Hb)–oxygen affinity helps to safeguard arterial O2 saturation and thus mitigates the effects of low oxygen concentration in arterial blood (arterial hypoxemia). Finally, oxygen extraction depends on an appropriate supply of oxygen in the blood vessels. An increased oxygen extraction occurs when there is an inadequate circulating blood volume or when the number of red blood cells decreases below the normal levels.

Answer:

Structure of the Tooth

A tooth consists of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue. The portion of a tooth exposed to the oral cavity is known as the dental crown, and the portion below the dental crown is known as the tooth root.

Answer:

Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues.

Explanation:

Neurogenesis in adults is limited by Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, mainly from oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues that are present during fetal development. It is so hard to repair a damaged nerve because nerve cell like other cells can't divide and increase in number, they can't renew themselves. Due to no division, the nerve cells does not increase in number and therefore can't repair themselves.

Answer:

The correct answer is a. The statement is true.

Explanation:

Insulin and glucagon are two hormones produced by the pancreas, which are essential for life and have an inverse function to each other. Insulin is a hormone of protein origin that has various effects on the transport of metabolites. Glucagon is a complementary hormone in regulating the concentration of glucose in the blood. When glucose levels increase, there is an inhibition in glucagon secretion and an increase in insulin secretion, while when glucose levels decrease, glucagon secretion increases and insulin secretion decreases respectively.

Answer:

subject

Explanation:

try only

Answer:

c. 56% of students were noted as having different values from their parents

Answer:

Explanation:

The percentage of students were noted as having different values from their parents are 56%.

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Answer:

The correct answer is - Associated with the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule.

Explanation:

Interstitial cells are found between seminiferous tubules and Each spermatogonial cell undergoes the process of spermatogenesis process and produces sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules.

This could be possible only due to GFP gene expresses only in spermatogonia, we can expect to find GFP + cells associated with the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules.

Therefore, Spermatogonia are associated with Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

The correct answer is C. Layer 4.

Explanation

The image shows 13 layers of rocks on the earth's surface that, according to their age, are located from the oldest below to the most recents up. According to the above, if a fossil of a species of bear is in layer number 5, organisms that lived at the same time could be found in number 4 because it is the closest layer to the layer in which the bear species is mostly found and therefore, the layer that was formed at the same time or right before layer 5. According to the above, the correct answer is C.

Answer:

approximately 8billion

Answer:

1.602 × 10⁻²⁰ J

Explanation:

Since the sodium ion Na has a positive charge, the work done in moving it from the interior of the cell to the exterior of the cell is W = qΔV where q = charge on sodium ion = +1 and ΔV = potential difference between inner surface of the cell and outer surface of the cell. Since the inner surface of the cell is negative relative to the outer surface, the sodium ion moves from a lower potential to a higher potential. So, the potential difference is ΔV = + 100 mV = 0.1 mV = 10⁻¹ V

Also, q = +1 which is one unit of charge. So, q = +e where e = electron charge = +1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

So, W = qΔV (Note that the work done is positive since we have to input work into the cell to move a positive charge from lower to higher potential)

So, substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

W = qΔV

W =  +1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C × 10⁻¹ V

W =  +1.602 × 10⁻²⁰ J

Answer:ribonucleic acid

Explanation:

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Penetrance and expressivity are related to

A. the expression of a dominant phenotype in a heterozygote.

B. the increased expression of a particular trait when a hybrid species is formed.

C. the expression of one gene masking the effects of another gene.

D. quantitative traits that diminish or intensify a particular phenotype.

E. the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.

Answer:

the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.

Explanation:

In genetics, we define penetrance as the proportion of individuals in a given population carrying a particular gene/allele which leads to the expression of the particular trait associated with that gene/allele.

Expressivity is defined as the degree of expression of a given phenotype  by individuals who possess a particular genotype. Expressivity shows the extent of variation in expression of genes by individuals having a particular genotype.

Both penetrance and expressivity has to do with the influence of environment on the expression of a particular genotype.

Answer:

A. cell division

Explanation:

Answer:

Similarity:

Amoeba and human beings require the same nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for their growth and survival.

Difference:

1. Mode of Nutrition:

Amoeba is unicellular and microscopic, which makes it an organism that uses the Holozoic mode of nutrition. It ingests food through its cell membrane and feeds on other tiny organisms like bacteria, algae, and protozoans. On the other hand, human beings are multicellular organisms and use saprophytic and holozoic modes of nutrition. They ingest complex food materials that are broken down into simpler nutrients.

Explanation:

the electronic microscope is used for observing

planets and stars:-False.

the electronic microscope is used for observing

microorganisms:-True.

The following statement is not true of electron microscopes: "electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens," which is in Option C, as electron microscopes use beams of electrons to produce images, and here living specimens can't be viewed.

Electron microscopes are advanced scientific instruments that use a beam of electrons to produce an image of a specimen, and the use of electrons instead of light in electron microscopy allows for a much higher resolution image, as the shorter wavelength of electrons compared to light means that the images produced by an electron microscope can be much sharper and more detailed.

Hence, the following statement is not true of electron microscopes: "electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens," which is in Option C.

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The question is incomplete, complete question is below

Which of the following statements is not true of electron microscopes

A. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons to produce an image.

B. Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.

C. Electron microscopes can be used to view living specimens.

D. Electron microscopes can be used to view the internal structure of cells.