how to build a laser pointer?

Answer:

The rate of heat transfer has increased.

Explanation:

Heat transfer rate is the rate at which heat energy is dissipated to the ambient from a hot body. The rate of heat transfer is proportional to the available surface area for heat exchange. This means that the greater the exposed surface area for heat exchange, the greater the rate at which heat is lost to the ambient. In introducing the fins to the heat exchange system (fins have a large surface area to volume ratio for maximum exposure to the ambient), one maximizes the available surface area for heat exchange between the material and the ambient, increasing the rate of heat transfer.

Answer:

Move the buret clamp to a ring stand with a larger base.

Explanation:

A right stand is used for titration experiments in the laboratory. It holds the burette firmly during experiments so that accurate readings can be taken.

The right stand is made up of support base, vertical stainless steel, clamp with adjustable screw that holds on to the vertical rod.

The clamp is used to hold the burette in place.

If after clamping a buret to a ring stand, you notice that the set-up is tippy and unstable, the best action will be to move the buret clamp to a ring stand with a larger base.

The larger base provides a better center of gravity and stabilises the setup

Answer:

the torque required to RAISE the load is Tr = 18.09 Nm

the torque required to LOWER the load is Tl = 10.069 ≈ 10.07 Nm

the Overall Efficiency e = 0.2199 ≈ 0.22

Explanation:

Given that; F = 5 kN, p = 5mm, d = 35mm

Dm = d - p/2

Dm = 35 - ( 5/2) = 35 - 2.5

DM = 32.5mm

So the torque required to RAISE the load is

Tr = ( 5 × 32.5)/2 [(5 + (π × 0.09 × 32.5)) / ( (π × 32.5) - ( 0.09 × 5))] + [( 5 × 0.06 × 45)/2]

Tr = 81.25 × (14.1892 / 101.6518) + 6.75

Tr = 11.3414 + 6.75

Tr = 18.09 Nm

the torque required to LOWER the load is

Tl =  ( 5 × 32.5)/2 [(π × 0.09 × 32.5) - 5) / ( (π × 32.5) + ( 0.09 × 5))] + [( 5 × 0.06 × 45)/2]

Tl = 81.25 × 4.1892 / 102.5518 + 6.75

Tl = 3.3190 + 6.75

Tl = 10.069 ≈ 10.07 Nm

So since torque required to LOWER the load is positive

that is, the thread is self locking

Therefore the efficiency is

e = ( 5 × 5 ) / ( 2π × 18.09 )

e = 25 / 113.6628

e = 0.2199 ≈ 0.22

Answer:

Explanation:

Temperature of atmospheric air To = 25°C = 298 K

Free  stream velocity of air Vo = 25 m/s

Length and width of plate = 1m

Temperature of plate Tp = 125°C = 398 K

We know for air, Prandtl number Pr = 1

And for air, thermal conductivity K = 24.1×10?³ W/mK

Here, charectorestic dimension D = 1m

Given value of Reynolds number Re = 105

For laminar boundary layer flow over flat plate

= 3.402

Therefore, hx = 0.08199 W/m²K

So, heat transfer rate q = hx×A×(Tp – To)

                                          = 0.08199×1×(398 – 298)

Answer:

There are five (5) unknown support reactions in this problem.

Explanation:

A roller joint rotates and translates along the surface on which the roller rests. The resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from, the surface. This allows the roller to move in a single plane along the surface where it rests.

A cable support provides support in one direction, parallel, and in opposite direction to the load on it. There exists a single reaction from the cable pointed upwards.

A ball-and-socket joint have  reaction forces in all 3 cardinal  directions. This allows it to move in the x-y-z plane.

The total unknown reactions on the member are five in number.

Answer:

minimum current level required =  8975.95 amperes

Explanation:

Given data:

diameter = 5.5 mm

length = 5.0 mm

T = 0.3

unit melting energy = 9.5 j/mm^3

electrical resistance = 140 micro ohms

thickness of each of the two sheets = 3.5mm

Determine the minimum current level required

first we calculate the volume of the weld nugget

v = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4} * D^2 * l[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4} * 5.5^2 * 5[/tex] = 118.73 mm^3

next calculate the required melting energy

= volume of weld nugget * unit melting energy

= 118.73 * 9.5 = 1127.94 joules

next find the actual required electric energy

= required melting energy / efficiency

= 1127 .94 / ( 1/3 )  = 3383.84 J

TO DETERMINE THE CURRENT LEVEL REQUIRED  use the relation below

electrical energy =  I^2 * R * T

3383.84 / R*T = I^2

3383.84 / (( 140 * 10^-6 ) * 0.3 ) = I^2

therefore  8975.95 = I ( current )

Answer:

[tex]s_2-s_1=c\frac{T^d}{d}-Rg\ ln(\frac{P_2}{P_1})[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case by combining the first and second law of thermodynamics for this ideal gas, we can obtain the following expression for the differential of the specific entropy at constant pressure:

[tex]ds=c_p\frac{dT}{T}-Rg\ \frac{dP}{P}[/tex]

Whereas Rg is the specific ideal gas constant for the studied gas; thus, integrating:

[tex]\int\limits^{s_2}_{s_1} {} \, ds=c\int\limits^{T_2}_{T_1} {T^{d-1}dT} \,-Rg\ \int\limits^{P_2}_{P_1} {\frac{dP}{P}} \,[/tex]

We obtain the expression to compute the specific entropy change:

[tex]s_2-s_1=c\frac{T^d}{d}-Rg\ ln(\frac{P_2}{P_1})[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

maximum temperature = 1322 k

rate of heat addition = 212 kw

Explanation:

compression ratio = 17

cut off ratio = 1.3

power produced = 140 Kw

state of air at the beginning of the compression = 90 kPa and 578 c

Determine the maximum temperature of air

attached below is the detailed solution

Answer: hello attached below is the diagram which is part of your question

Total entropy change  = entropy change in cold reservoir + entropy change in hot reservoir = -0.166 + 0.083 = -0.0837 kj/k  it violates Clausius increase of entropy which is Sgen > 0

Explanation:

Clausius statement states that it is impossible to transfer heat energy from a cooler body to a hotter body in a cycle or region without any other external factors affecting it .  

applying the increase in entropy principle to prove this

temp of cold reservoir (t hot)= 600 k

temp of hot reservoir(t cold) = 1220 k

energy (q) = 100 kj

total entropy change  = entropy change in cold reservoir + entropy change in hot reservoir = -0.166 + 0.083 = -0.0837 kj/k

entropy change in cold reservoir = Q/t cold = 100 / 600 = -0.166 kj/k

entropy change in hot reservoir = Q / t hot = 100 / 1220 = 0.083 kj/k

hence it violates  Clausius inequality of increase of entropy principle which is states that generated entropy has to be > 0

Answer:

C) Decreases with an increase in temperature

Explanation:

As the temperature of a transistor increases, the thermal runaway property of the transistor becomes more significant and the transistors, conducting more freely as a result of the rise in temperature, causes an increase in the collector current or leakage current. The transistor base-emitter voltage decreases as a result.

With increased heating due to heavy current flow, the transistor is damaged.

Answer:

  leakage

Explanation:

That current is "leakage current."

Answer:

thread depth = 2.5 mm

thread width = 2.5 mm

mean diameter = 27.5 mm

root diameter = 25 mm

lead of screw = 5 mm

Explanation:

given data

power screw diameter D = 30 mm

thread pitch  P = 5 mm

solution

First, we get here thread depth fr square thread

thread depth = [tex]\frac{P}{2}[/tex]   ......................1

thread depth = [tex]\frac{5}{2}[/tex]

thread depth = 2.5 mm

and

thread width for square thread

thread width = [tex]\frac{P}{2}[/tex]   ......................2

thread width = [tex]\frac{5}{2}[/tex]

thread width = 2.5 mm

and

mean diameter is

mean diameter = D - [tex]\frac{P}{2}[/tex]    ................3

mean diameter = 30 - [tex]\frac{5}{2}[/tex]

mean diameter = 27.5 mm

and

root diameter is

root diameter = D - P   ....................4

root diameter = 30 - 5

root diameter = 25 mm

and

lead of screw for single thread so n = 1

so lead of screw = 1 × 5

lead of screw = 5 mm

Answer:

[tex]w_{out}=319.1\frac{BTU}{lbm}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for the inlet stream, from the steam table, the specific enthalpy and entropy are:

[tex]h_1=1456.0\frac{BTU}{lbm} \ \ \ s_1=1.6413\frac{BTU}{lbm*R}[/tex]

Next, for the liquid-vapor mixture at the outlet stream we need to compute its quality by taking into account that since the turbine is adiabatic, the entropy remains the same:

[tex]s_2=s_1[/tex]

Thus, the liquid and liquid-vapor entropies are included to compute the quality:

[tex]x_2=\frac{s_2-s_f}{s_{fg}}=\frac{1.6313-0.39213}{1.28448}=0.965[/tex]

Next, we compute the outlet enthalpy by considering the liquid and liquid-vapor enthalpies:

[tex]h_2=h_f+x_2h_f_g=236.14+0.965*933.69=1136.9\frac{BTU}{lbm}[/tex]

Then, by using the first law of thermodynamics, the maximum specific work is computed via:

[tex]h_1=w_{out}+h_2\\\\w_{out}=h_1-h_2=1456.0\frac{BTU}{lbm}-1136.9\frac{BTU}{lbm}\\\\w_{out}=319.1\frac{BTU}{lbm}[/tex]

Best regards.

The building-construction materials are materials with a relatively large bulk modulus, would the choose of the constructor. Thus, option (e) is correct.

The term building refers to the large structure of the bricks. The building was the large structure made by the engineer and the architecture. There was the building are the people are the stay. The building was the used in the permanent basis. There are the different types of the building.

According to the building-construction materials are the engineers to the order of the bulk in the material. The bulk level of the material is the high discount rate of the order. The large amount of the material to the used in the building-construction, that are the order in the bulk of the production.

Therefore, option (e) is correct.

Learn more about on building, here;

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.

Answer:

moment of inertia = 4.662 * 10^6 [tex]mm^4[/tex]

Explanation:

Given data :

Mass of machine = 400 kg = 400 * 9.81 = 3924 N

length of span = 3.2 m

E = 200 * 10^9 N/m^2

frequency = 9.3 Hz

Wm ( angular frequency ) = 2 [tex]\pi f[/tex] = 58.434 rad/secs

also Wm = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{g}{t} }[/tex]  ------- EQUATION 1

g = 9.81

deflection of simply supported beam

t = [tex]\frac{wl^3}{48EI}[/tex]

insert the value of t into equation 1

W[tex]m^2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{g*48*E*I}{WL^3}[/tex]   make I the subject of the equation

I ( Moment of inertia about the neutral axis ) = [tex]\frac{WL^3* Wn^2}{48*g*E}[/tex]

I = [tex]\frac{3924*3.2^3*58.434^2}{48*9.81*200*10^9}[/tex]  = 4.662 * 10^6 [tex]mm^4[/tex]

Answer:

D.  Resistance = 30 ohms

Explanation:

Using Ohm's law

V = I times R

Given:

V = 60 V

I = 2 A

Resistance = V / I = 60 V / 20 A

Resistance = 30 ohms

Answer:

a) Mt = 0.0023229

b) = U1 = 214.07

c) = V₁  = 0.861 m³/kg

d) = Vr1 = 621.2

Explanation:

Given that

R = 0.287 KJ/kg.K, T1 = 300 K , P1 = 100 kPa , V1 = 500 cm³, r = 10 , Q = 60 kW , Speed N = 5600 RPM, Number of cylinders K = 4

specific heat at constant volume Cv = 0.7174 kJ/kg.K

Specific heat at constant pressure is 1.0045 Kj/kg.K

a)  To determine the total mass (kg) of air in the engine.

we say

P1V1 = mRT1

we the figures substitute

(100 x 10³) ( 500 x  10⁻⁶) = m ( 0.287 x  10³) ( 300 )

50 = m x 86100

m = 0.00005 / 86100 = 0.0005807 ( mass of one cylinder)

Total mass of 4 cylinder

Mt = m x k

Mt = 0.0005807 x 4

Mt = 0.0023229

b) To determine the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at state 1

i.e at T1 = 300

we obtain the value of specific internal energy U1 at 300 K ( state 1) from the table ideal gas properties of air.

U1 = 214.07

c) To determine the specific volume (m³/kg) at state 1.

we say

V₁ = V1/m

V₁ = (500 x  10⁻⁶) / 0.0005807

V₁  = 0.861 m³/kg

d) To determine the relative specific volume at state 1.

To obtain the value of relative specific volume at 300 K ( i.e state 1) from the table ideal gas properties of air.

At T1 = 300 k

Vr1 = 621.2

Answer:

Clay bricks are manufactured by mining and clay moulded blocks. There are 20,000 brick klins in Pakistan.

Explanation:

In Pakistan, the clay bricks are manufactured by mining and baking the clay moulded blocks in brick kilns. According to an estimate, the baking process emits about  1.4 pounds of carbon per brick made, but in Pakistan, because the systems are outdated, brick kilns are used, which is producing more than the average amount of the pollution.

There are about 20,000 brick kilns in Pakistan. The traditional brick production in Pakistan is consists of hand-made bricks which are first baked in Fixed Chimney Bull's Trench Kilns (FCBTK), this is the most widely used brick firing technology in South Asia.

Answer: Tl = - 13.3°C

the lowest outdoor temperature is - 13.3°C

Explanation:

Given that;

Temperature of Th = 21°C = 21 + 273 = 294 K

the rate at which heat lost is Qh = 5400 kJ/h°C

the power input to heat pump Wnet = 6 kw

The COP of a reversible heat pump depends on the temperature limits in the cycle only, and is determined by;

COPhp = Th/(Th - Tl)

COPhp = Qh/Wnet

Qh/Wnet = Th/(Th -Tl)

the amount of heat loss is expressed as

Qh = 5400/3600(294 - Tl)

the temperature of sink

( 5400/3600(294 - Tl)) / 6 = 294 / ( 294 - Tl)

now solving the equation

Tl = 259.7 - 273

Tl = - 13.3°C

so the lowest outdoor temperature is - 13.3°C

Answer:

The kinetic energy of A is twice the kinetic energy of B

Explanation:

The true statement when the two balls hit the ground is, the kinetic energy of A is twice the kinetic energy of B. The correct option is (c).

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, which can be seen as an item or subatomic particle moving. Kinetic energy exists in every moving object and particle.

Kinetic energy is demonstrated by a person walking, a soaring baseball, a crumb falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field.

The definition of a General Plan of Motion is every point on the body has a different path. As a result, we must relate the forces to the acceleration of the body's center of mass, as well as the moments to the angular accelerations.

Therefore, the correct option is (c), The kinetic energy of A is twice the kinetic energy of B.

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Answer:

B) gate-source junction is reverse-biased

Explanation:

FET is described as an electric field that controls the specific current and is being applied to a "third electrode" which is generally known as "gate". However, only the electric field is responsible for controlling the "current flow"   in a specific channel and then the particular device is being "voltage operated" that consists of high "input impedance".

In FET, the different "charge carriers" tend to enter a particular channel via "source" and exits through "drain".

Answer:

A) 251.8 kj/kg

B) 0.9150 kj/kg-k

C) 155.4 kj/kg

F) 1.50

G) 3.95 kw

H) 2.6 kw

Explanation:

Given conditions :

air conditioner : R -134a

compressor efficiency (nc) = 90%.

T1 = 9⁰c,  T3 = 39⁰c, mass flow rate = 0.027 kg/s

A) Specific enthalpy at the compressor inlet

at T = 9⁰c the saturated vapor (x) = 1

from the R-134a property table

h1 = 251.8 kj/kg

B ) specific entropy ( kj/kg-k) at the compressor inlet

at T = 9⁰c the saturated vapor (x) = 1

s = 0.9150 kj/kg-k ( from the R-134a property table )

C) specific enthalpy at the compressor exit

at T3 = 39⁰c , s2 = s1

has = 165.12 kj/kg

h2 = 155.4 kj/kg

attached below is the remaining solution to some of the problems

Answer:

D) is due to an increase of the armature current.

Explanation:

Option D is correct because on the DC motor, when the load increases, it leads to an increase in the armature current.

The armature current then sets up a magnetic flux which opposes the main field flux. The net field flux gets reduced. It is at this point, the armature reaction occurs.

Armature reaction is seen as the effect of magnetic flux which is usually set up by an armature current. This occurs when there is the distribution of flux under the main poles.

There are two effects the armature flux causes on the main field flux.

1. The main field flux is distorted by the armature reaction.

2. The magnitude of the main field flux is reduced by the armature flux.

Answer:

Average heat transfer coefficient =  31 kw/m^2 k

Heat transfer rate per meter length of pipe =  116.808 KW

Explanation:

water temperature = 20⁰c,  

free-stream velocity = 1.5 m/s

circular pipe diameter = 2.0 cm = 0.02 m

surface temperature = 80⁰c

A) calculate average heat transfer coefficient

we apply the formula below :

m = αAv

A (area) = [tex]\pi /4 (d)^2[/tex]

m = 10^3 * [tex]\pi / 4 ( 0.02)^2[/tex] * 1.5

   = 10^3 * 0.7857( 0.0004) * 1.5

   = 0.4714 kg/s

Average heat transfer coefficient  

h = [tex]\frac{m(cp)}{A}[/tex]  ,  A = [tex]\pi DL[/tex]

L = 1 m , m = 0.4714 kgs , cp = 4.18

back to equation

h = [tex]\frac{0.4714*4.18}{\pi * 0.02 }[/tex]   = 1.970 / 0.0628 = 31.369 ≈ 31 kw/m^2 k

B) Heat transfer rate per meter length of pipe

Q = ha( ΔT ),  a = [tex]\pi DL[/tex]

   = 31 * 0.0628 * ( 80 - 20 )

  = 31 * 0.0628 * 60 = 116.808 KW

Answer:

IV > [tex]I^{2} R[/tex]

Explanation:

The current in the power line = I

The voltage in the power line = V

The resistance of the power line = R

Power supplied from the power house = P

power delivered to the households = [tex]p[/tex]

We know that the power supplied to a power line system is proportional to

P = IV    ....1

we also know that according to Ohm's law, the relationship between the voltage, resistance, and current through an electrical system is given as

V = IR    ....2

substituting equation 2 into equation 1, the power delivered to the households is proportional to the square of the current.

[tex]p[/tex] = [tex]I^{2} R[/tex]    ....3

The problem is that when power is delivered across a transmission line, some of the power is loss due to Joules heating effect of the power lines. This energy and power loss is proportional to [tex]I^{2}[/tex] therefore, the electrical power delivered to the households will be less than the electrical power supplied from the power station. This means that

P > [tex]p[/tex]

equating these two powers from equations 1 and equation 3, we have

IV > [tex]I^{2} R[/tex]

Answer:

Correct Answer:

A. water pump

Explanation:

Timing belt in a vehicle helps to ensure that crankshaft, pistons and valves operate together in proper sequence. Timing belts are lighter, quieter and more efficient than chains that was previously used in vehicles.

Most car manufacturers recommended that, when replacing timing belt, tension assembly, water pump, camshaft oil seal should also be replaced with it at same time.

Answer:

pay off the parking tickets

Explanation:

In the scenario being described, the best thing to do would be to pay off the parking tickets. The parking tickets stay under your name, and if they are not paid in time can cause problems down the road. For starters, if they are not paid in time the amount will increase largely which will be harder to pay. If that increased amount is also not paid, then the government will suspend your licence indefinitely which can later lead to higher insurance rates.

Answer:

Creating an app is both an expression of our self and a reflection of what we see is missing in the world. We find ourselves digging deep into who we are, what we would enjoy working on, and what needs still need to be fulfilled. Generating an app idea for the first time can be extremely daunting. Especially with an endless amount of possibilities such as building a church app.

The uncertainty has always spawned a certain fear inside creators. The fear of creating something no one will enjoy. Spending hundreds of dollars and hours building something which might not bring back any real tangible results. The fear of losing our investment to a poor concept is daunting but not random. But simple app ideas are actually pretty easy to come by.

Great app idea generation is not a gift given to a selected few, instead, it is a process by which any of us are able to carefully explore step by step methods to find our own solution to any problem. Whether you are a seasoned creator or a novice, we have provided a few recommendations to challenge and aid you as you create your next masterpiece.

if I am right then make me brainliest

Answer: answer provided in the explanation section.

Explanation:

Weather phenomenons that would impart Aviation Operations in Santa Barbara -

1. Although winters are cold, wet, and partly cloudy here. It is in general favorable for flying. But sometimes strong winds damage this pleasant weather.

2.  The Sundowner winds cause rapid warming and a decrease in relative humidity. The wind speed is very high surrounding this area for this type of wind.  

3. Cloud is an important factor that affects aviation operations. Starting from April, here the sky is clouded up to November. The sky is overcast (80 to 100 percent cloud cover) or mostly cloudy (60 to 80 percent) 44% on a yearly basis. Thus extra cloud cover can trouble aviation operations.

4. The average hourly wind speed can also be a factor. This also experiences seasonal variations, these variations are studied carefully in the aviation industry. The windier part of the year starts in January and ends in June. In April, the wind speed can reach 9.5 miles per hour.

This and more are some factors to look into when considering wheather conditions that would affect aviation operations.

I hope this was a bit helpful. cheers