ATP provides energy to a cell by losing a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process. This process is known as hydrolysis. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide that is essential for cellular energy supply.
It is the primary source of energy for cellular functions. It is synthesized by the body in the mitochondria. The high-energy bond between the second and third phosphate group of ATP is broken, and a free phosphate group is released during the hydrolysis process, releasing energy that the cell can use.
The process of ATP hydrolysis releases approximately 7.3 kcal of energy per mole of ATP.A phosphate group is removed from ATP during the hydrolysis process, converting ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This reaction is exothermic, meaning that it releases energy. This energy is then used to power cellular processes such as muscle contraction and protein synthesis.
Therefore, The correct option is: It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.
know more about phosphate group here
https://brainly.com/question/8622136#
#SPJ11
how long does it take a venus flytrap to digest a fly
a triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a backbone.
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglycerol) is a molecule made up of glycerol and three different fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). Triglycerides are the primary components of human and other mammal bodily fat, as well as vegetable fat. Glycerol is combined with three fatty acid units to create triglycerides.
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglycerol) is a molecule made up of glycerol and three different fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). Triglycerides are the primary components of human and animal bodily fat, as well as veggie fat. ... Glycerol is combined with three fatty acid units to create triglycerides. Triglycerides cannot easily travel through cell membranes. Lipoprotein lipases, which are enzymes found on the walls of blood arteries, must break down lipids into free fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids can then be taken up by cells via the fatty acid transporter
Triglycerides are not polymers, and fatty acids and glycerol are not monomers because fatty acids and glycerol do not form repetitive chains like other monomers
Which of the following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells?
1. receptor activation of G protein
2. G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase
3. cAMP activation of PKA
4. PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK)
2, 3, and 4
1, 3, and 4
1 and 3
1 and 4
The following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells: receptor activation of G protein, G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP activation of PKA. Therefore, the correct option is 2, 3, and 4.
How does the epinephrine signal response amplify in cells?Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone that activates a cascade of signaling pathways in the body. When epinephrine binds to its receptor on the surface of a cell, it triggers a series of events that culminate in the cell's response. The epinephrine signal response amplifies through a series of steps that are described below:
Receptor activation of G protein: The epinephrine receptor is coupled to a G protein, which is a molecular switch. When the receptor is activated by epinephrine, the G protein is activated as well.
G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase: The activated G protein, in turn, activates an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a second messenger.
cAMP activation of PKA: cAMP activates a protein kinase called protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is a kinase that phosphorylates (adds a phosphate group to) target proteins.
PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK): One of the targets of PKA is glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK). PKA phosphorylates GPK, which then phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase. This, in turn, activates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate.
Learn more about Epinephrine here: https://brainly.com/question/22817529
#SPJ11
in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the , whereas translation takes place in the .
In eukaryotes, transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell, where the DNA is located.
During transcription, the DNA double helix is unwound and one of the strands serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule. The RNA molecule is then processed and transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation is the process by which proteins are synthesized from RNA molecules. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, where ribosomes are located. During translation, the RNA molecule is read by the ribosome, and the information it contains is used to assemble a protein.
This process involves the sequential addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain, based on the sequence of codons in the RNA molecule. The resulting protein then folds into its functional three-dimensional structure, allowing it to carry out its specific cellular function.
To learn more about eukaryotes
https://brainly.com/question/30335918
#SPJ4
1. what kind of isolating barrier is featured in the dobzhansky-muller model of speciation. is this a different kind of barrier than what you see in allopatric and sympatric speciation (disregarding polyploidy for the sake of simplicity)? explain. (7.5)
The kind of barrier that is seen in the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation, a hybrid inviability barrier is featured, which is different from allopatric and sympatric speciation.
In the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation, two genetically divergent populations of the same species are isolated from one another geographically.
Genetic mutations accumulate in each of these populations over time, leading to differences in their genomes.
Hybrid inviability is a process in which the two parental species mate and produce a hybrid offspring that is unable to survive in its environment.
This type of isolating barrier is caused by genetic incompatibilities between the two parental species that result in deleterious epistatic interactions.
When these two populations come back into contact with one another, the hybrids that are produced are unable to survive due to genetic incompatibilities between their parental genomes.
Learn more about speciation here:
brainly.com/question/3442236
#SPJ11
In an enveloped virus, the ___ found in the viral envelope are derived from the host cell whereas the ___ found in the viral envelope are generally virally encoded.
In an enveloped virus, the glycoproteins found in the viral envelope are derived from the host cell whereas the matrix proteins found in the viral envelope are generally virally encoded.
What is an enveloped virus?
An enveloped virus is a virus that is covered by a lipid envelope that contains glycoproteins. The lipid envelope is a combination of host and viral components that is formed by budding through cellular membranes. The lipid envelope is thought to be derived from host cell membranes in the majority of enveloped viruses, and it is necessary for viral particle transmission, infection, and replication.
The virus's genome is surrounded by a capsid or core structure, which is then surrounded by a protein shell known as the matrix. Finally, the lipid envelope, which is created from the host cell's plasma membrane as the virus buds from it, surrounds it. The enveloped viruses contain matrix proteins and glycoproteins. Matrix proteins and glycoproteins in enveloped viruses are different. Matrix proteins are usually encoded by the virus, while glycoproteins are typically derived from the host cell.
#SPJ11
Which example is an abiotic factor of a desert environment?
* rattlesnake
* scorpion
* cactus
* sand
Answer:
Which example is an abiotic factor of a desert environment?
* rattlesnake
* scorpion
* cactus
* sand
Explanation:
Sand is an abiotic factor of a desert environment. Abiotic factors are non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem, such as water, sunlight, soil, and temperature.
extrachromosomal dna is critical to the antibiotic resistance found in microorganisms, how do these dna elements account for this phenomena?
Extrachromosomal DNA is critical to the antibiotic resistance found in microorganisms. These DNA elements account for the phenomena by providing resistance genes that can be shared among bacteria, allowing them to survive exposure to antibiotics.
What are Extrachromosomal DNA?Extrachromosomal DNA are also known as plasmids, and these can be passed between bacteria through a process called conjugation. This allows resistance genes to be shared between bacteria, increasing the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains. In addition, some extrachromosomal DNA contains genes that produce enzymes that can break down antibiotics, rendering them ineffective against the bacteria carrying these genes. This is known as enzymatic resistance.
Extrachromosomal DNA can also provide bacteria with the ability to pump antibiotics out of their cells more effectively, preventing the antibiotics from reaching their intended targets within the bacteria. This is known as efflux-mediated resistance. In summary, extrachromosomal DNA plays a critical role in the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. By providing resistance genes that can be shared between bacteria, producing enzymes that break down antibiotics, and increasing the ability of bacteria to pump antibiotics out of their cells, extrachromosomal DNA allows bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics.
Learn more about Extrachromosomal DNA here:
https://brainly.com/question/9380498
#SPJ11
a thick rigid barrier found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells
Cell-Wall is a thick rigid barrier found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells. A cell wall is a thick, stiff layer that surrounds the cell and is located outside the cell membrane.
In addition to cellulose and protein, the cell wall also contains additional polysaccharides. The cell wall offers structural defense and support. Certain cell types have a stiff, partially permeable protective coating called a cell wall. In the majority of plant cells, as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and certain archaea, this outer layer is situated close to the cell membrane (plasma membrane).
Nevertheless, animal cells lack a cell wall. A plant cell's cell wall is its outermost layer. It protects the cell while stiffening it. Cell walls are absent from animal cells. Every cell has a membrane around it as a form of defense.
Learn more about cell membrane Visit: brainly.com/question/1768729
#SPJ4
Correct Question:
_____ is a thick rigid barrier found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells.
which mutation is least likely to affect the corresponding protein? group of answer choices nonsense mutation missense mutation frameshift mutation mutation that deleted the entire gene
A nonsense mutation is least likely to affect the corresponding protein.
What is a mutation?A mutation is a sudden, unexpected transformation in genetic information that occurs naturally over time or is triggered by environmental factors. As a result, mutations can have a variety of impacts on proteins. A mutation in DNA may have no effect, a moderate effect, or a severe effect on the protein it encodes. Mutations may be classified as silent mutations, missense mutations, nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, and other types of mutations.
They may arise spontaneously as a result of replication errors or as a result of exposure to various DNA-damaging agents.Mutations that are least likely to impact the corresponding protein: The following are the types of mutations that are least likely to impact the corresponding protein:
nonsense mutationMissense mutationSilent mutationTherefore, the correct answer is a nonsense mutation. A nonsense mutation is a type of mutation that transforms an amino acid coding codon into a stop codon. As a result, a short, incomplete protein is produced. Because of the generation of a premature stop codon, this protein lacks vital functional domains. Nonsense mutations are much less likely to have an effect on the corresponding protein than other types of mutations.
Learn more about mutations: https://brainly.com/question/26928446
#SPJ11
an antiport transports sodium into the cells of the pct while pumping hydrogen ions out. what hormone activates this transport?
The hormone that activates this transport would be the Angiotensin II at the proximal convoluted tubules.
What is proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is one of the three major parts of the nephron which is the functional unit of the kidney.
The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and water.
It carries out this function by the antiport which is activated by the hormone Angiotensin II that helps to transports sodium into the cells of the PCT while pumping hydrogen ions out.
Learn more about hormones here:
https://brainly.com/question/28074452
#SPJ1
You have learned that both biotic and abiotic factors affect ecosystems. Give some examples of each, and explain how biotic and abiotic factors could have affected the tortoises that darwin observed on the galápagos islands
Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, and examples include plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem, and examples include water, temperature, sunlight, and soil composition.
In the case of the tortoises that Darwin observed on the Galápagos Islands, both biotic and abiotic factors could have affected their survival and evolution. The availability of food, water, and shelter on the island would be an example of abiotic factors. Tortoises evolved different shell shapes and sizes to adapt to their environment's abiotic factors, such as droughts or heavy rains.
The biotic factors, such as the availability of vegetation, would have influenced their survival and reproduction. The presence of predators, competitors, and other tortoise species would have also affected their evolution. For instance, some tortoise populations may have developed longer necks and legs to reach higher foliage, while others may have evolved faster movement abilities to escape predators or competitors.
Overall, both biotic and abiotic factors played a significant role in shaping the evolution and survival of the tortoises on the Galápagos Islands. The interplay between these factors is vital in understanding how ecosystems function and how organisms adapt to their environment.
To know more about abiotic click here:
brainly.com/question/29773665
#SPJ4
if i'm walking down the riverbank, and a man is drowning, even if i don't know how to swim very well, i feel this urge that the right thing to do is to try to save that person. evolution would tell me exactly the oppo preserve your dna. who cares about the guy who's drowning?
The evolution theory posits that living organisms have evolved over time from earlier and different forms. The theory of evolution through natural selection was first introduced by Charles Darwin.
He suggested that species that are more suited to their environment would survive and reproduce more effectively compared to other species that are less suited to their environment.
What is the urge to save people drowning?If you are walking down the riverbank, and a man is drowning, even if you don't know how to swim very well, you feel this urge that the right thing to do is to try to save that person. This is because humans are empathic beings, which means that we can feel the emotions of others. When we see someone in distress, we feel their pain and want to help in any way that we can.
The urge to save someone who is drowning is not necessarily driven by the theory of evolution. Instead, it is a result of our innate empathy, compassion, and the desire to help others. Helping others is an essential part of being human, and it is something that we do instinctively because we care about the well-being of others. Therefore, the idea that evolution would tell us to preserve our DNA by ignoring someone who is drowning is not accurate.
Learn more about Charles Darwin: https://brainly.com/question/4207376
#SPJ11
how do organisms obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow?
Organisms obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow by food, nutrients, or sunlight in order to carry out cellular processes.
Energy is a necessity for all living things to live. During the act of breathing, they get their energy. Breathing and oxygen-fueled food breakdown within cells are both components of respiration, which releases energy.
Energy is needed for an organism to survive in order to support its essential life processes. Depending on the best survival tactics, organisms must make specific decisions. It begins with the transmission of genetic information through reproduction from one generation to the next.
The molecular mechanisms linked to survival that contribute to the maintenance of life follow next. Nutrition is a crucial component of living since it provides the energy the body needs. Last but not least, a vital component of survival is the efficient operation of the senses and reactions, as well as the development of a lifestyle in a habitat.
Learn more about Matter and energy:
https://brainly.com/question/19571133
#SPJ4
what part of interphase results in double the dna content compared to the original cell
S-phase of the interphase results in double the DNA content compared to the original cell.
A cell's DNA content rises during the S-phase period of interphase. A cell typically has one set of chromosomes, which are threadlike organelles that house the DNA of the cell. Each chromosome carries one DNA molecule during the G1 phase.
But, when a cell starts to reproduce, it will require two sets of DNA: one for the parent cell and one for the child cell. The cell duplicates its genetic material during the S phase such that each chromosome has two molecules of DNA. As a result, the cell has the same number of chromosomes once the S phase is over, but its DNA content has doubled.
To know more about interphase, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/29584431
#SPJ4
it is possible for 2 parents to have children of all 4 blood types. what must the genotype of the 2 parents be
Yes, it is possible for 2 parents to have children of all 4 blood types. The genotype of the 2 parents must be AB and O.
Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain molecules called antigens on the surface of red blood cells. ABO blood group system, the Rh factor, and many other blood group systems are some examples of blood group systems.
Blood is divided into 4 types: A, B, AB, and O.
Blood types are determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells. A and B are dominant blood types, while O is recessive.
Blood type AB is co-dominant, which means that both A and B antigens are expressed. Blood type O lacks both A and B antigens.
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual that determines an individual's physical and physiological characteristics.
Homozygous: It's a genotype in which two of the same alleles are present on homologous chromosomes.
Heterozygous: It's a genotype in which two different alleles are present on homologous chromosomes.
To know more about ABO blood group system here:
https://brainly.com/question/27212996#
#SPJ11
Complete the sentences by dragging the correct organs or structures to the appropriate blanks. Answers may be used more than once. Not all answers will be used. Used bile salts are absorbed in the ____. This organ recycles the bile salts to used bile salts enter the make new II present in chyme, it can interfere with the recycling of used blle salts. As a result, the used bile salts are in _____ When there is a lack of recycled blle salts, the from the bloodstream to make new ___ uses
Used bile salts are absorbed in ileum. This organ recycles bile salts to the liver. If there is excess fat present in chyme, it can interfere with recycling of used bile salts. As a result, used bile salts are in lower concentration. When there is lack of recycled bile salts, liver takes up more cholesterol from bloodstream to make new bile salts.
What are bile salts?Bile salts play key role in hepatobiliary and intestinal homeostasis and digestion. The liver synthesizes primary bile salts from cholesterol and enzymatic modifications during their enterohepatic circulation lead to the formation of secondary and tertiary bile salts. The solubilization of dietary lipids and fat-soluble nutrients are the main digestive functions of bile salts.
To know more about bile salts, refer
https://brainly.com/question/15217814
#SPJ1
The cells of the immune systema) move from one part of the body to another via the body's circulatory systemsb) descend from tissue cells & therefore stay in the tissues where they developed
The cells of the immune system move from one part of the body to another via the body's circulatory systems.
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that function together to protect the body from infections and diseases. It has evolved over millions of years to defend the body against an array of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.The immune system is composed of several types of cells, including white blood cells (leukocytes), which are produced in bone marrow and distributed throughout the body via the circulatory system. These cells, which include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, all have specialized functions in the immune system.White blood cells leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues where infections have arisen. Phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils) remove dead cells and microorganisms. In response to stimulation by pathogens or inflammation, white blood cells can squeeze through the walls of blood vessels and enter tissues in search of foreign substances or damaged cells.In conclusion, the cells of the immune system move from one part of the body to another via the body's circulatory systems.Learn more about immune system: https://brainly.com/question/15595309
#SPJ11
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:A. retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium.B. eliminating toxic waste products from the body.C. removing sodium, and thus water, from the body.D. accommodating a large amount of blood volume.
Answer:
option C
Explanation:
The kidneys regulate circulatory volume by controlling sodium and water balance
regulation by induction and repression are called negative control because __________.
Regulation by induction and repression are called negative control because they both involve the suppression of gene expression.
The repression of gene expressed occurs when a patch, frequently a protein, binds to a gene and prevents its expression, or when a gene is actuated by a patch, but the gene product isn't made. In both cases, gene expression is inhibited, which is why these nonsupervisory processes are considered negative control.
In negative control, the gene is suppressed by a nonsupervisory patch, similar as a recap factor, which binds to the gene and prevents it from being expressed. This is known as suppression. Alternately, the gene may be actuated by a nonsupervisory patch, similar as an activator protein, which binds to the gene and allows it to be expressed.
To know more about gene expressed visit:
https://brainly.com/question/19883692
#SPJ4
Which Process Is NOT Part of The Carbon Cycle?
A: Predation
B:Photosynthesis
C: Transpiration
D: Respiration
Answer: C: Transpiration
Photosynthesis, burning of fossil fuel, and respiration is involved in the carbon cycle, transpiration is not involved in the carbon cycle.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
What procedure did you use to complete the lab? Energy Transfer
Outline the steps of the procedure in full sentences
Energy transfer refers to the movement of energy from one system to another, or from one object to another.
Energy transfer refers to the movement of energy from one system to another, or from one object to another. This transfer of energy can occur through various mechanisms, such as heat, work, or radiation. For example, when you turn on a lamp, electrical energy is transferred from the power source to the lamp, where it is converted into light energy and heat energy. When you boil water on a stove, the heat from the stove is transferred to the pot, which in turn transfers the heat to the water, causing it to boil.
Energy transfer is a fundamental concept in physics and plays a critical role in many areas of science and engineering, including thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. Understanding how energy is transferred and transformed is essential for designing efficient and sustainable technologies, as well as for understanding natural phenomena such as weather patterns and climate change.
Learn more about energy transfer here
brainly.com/question/8306722
#SPJ4
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
What is energy transfer ?
A couple is expecting a child. The fetus undergoes genetic testing and the couple discover the fetus has sickle cell anemia. The couple ask the nurse how this happened. Which statement is accurate for the nurse to provide? a."Sickle cell anemia can be passed to the fetus in many ways. We will know more at birth."
b."Sickle cell anemia is passed to a fetus when one of the parents has the gene."
c."Sickle cell anemia occurs from a random genetic mutation."
d."Sickle cell anemia is passed to a fetus when both parents have the gene."
The nurse should inform the couple that (d) "Sickle cell anemia is passed to a fetus when both parents have the gene". Therefore, option d is the accurate statement for the nurse to provide.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder. It causes the production of abnormally shaped red blood cells, which become sticky and rigid and may get stuck in small blood vessels in the body. This can cause severe pain and organ damage, as well as increase the risk of infection, stroke, and other complications.
The technique of genetic testing is used to detect gene mutations that cause various disorders. In the case of sickle cell anemia, it is caused by a mutation in the gene that is responsible for making hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. When both parents have a copy of the mutated gene, their child is at risk of inheriting sickle cell anemia.
Learn more about fetus: https://brainly.com/question/1311741
#SPJ11
draw a dna molecule that have five randomly spaced restriction sites for a specific palindrome. how many fragments would be produced if each site were cut by a restriction enzyme?
To draw a DNA molecule with five randomly spaced restriction sites for a specific palindrome, use a ruler to draw a curved line to represent the backbone of the molecule. Then, draw five straight lines parallel to each other in the middle of the curved line to represent the palindrome.
What is a palindrome?A palindrome is a word, number, sentence, or other sequence of characters that reads the same forward and backward. For example, the word "racecar" is a palindrome. The restriction sites are a location on a DNA molecule where a restriction enzyme, an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific site, recognizes and cleaves the DNA molecule.
DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. The structure of the DNA molecule resembles a spiral ladder or a twisted rope ladder, with the side railings being formed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. Hence, the DNA molecule that has five randomly spaced restriction sites for a specific palindrome, and the number of fragments that would be produced if each site were cut by a restriction enzyme are as follows:5 restriction sites will be present on the DNA molecule, and because they are for a specific palindrome, they will be the same when read backward or forward.
Read more about deoxyribonucleic :
https://brainly.com/question/2131506
#SPJ11
Which best represents the overall equation for photosynthesis?
1. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
2. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
3. 6 CO2 + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
4. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
The overall equation for photosynthesis is:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
This equation represents the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) in the presence of sunlight.
The equation can be broken down into two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, leading to the generation of ATP and NADPH, which are used in the next stage. During the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions.
The overall equation for photosynthesis is important because it summarizes the net result of the process, which is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This equation serves as a fundamental concept in biology and is critical to our understanding of how plants and other organisms produce energy and oxygen.
Learn more about photosynthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/29764662
#SPJ4
Which of the following is/are required in order for an endosome to be transported from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex? (Select all that apply!) GTP Kinesin Myosin Microtubules Dynein Actin ATP
The following are required in order for an endosome to be transported from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex: GTP, Kinesin, Dynein, and Microtubules. The correct options are A, B, D and E.
An endosome is a membrane-bound compartment that is formed through the internalization of material from the plasma membrane through the process of endocytosis. Endosomes are known to sort their cargo and then subsequently recycle it back to the plasma membrane or traffic it to lysosomes for degradation. Endosomes are transported from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex by a motor protein called kinesin. Kinesin is a plus-end-directed motor protein that is responsible for transporting cargo towards the plus end of microtubules. Dynein is another motor protein that transports cargo towards the minus end of microtubules. GTP is an energy-rich molecule that is required for the movement of the motor proteins, kinesin and dynein. This energy is used to power the movement of the motor proteins along microtubules.
Actin and Myosin are motor proteins that are responsible for transporting cargo along actin filaments. They are not involved in the transport of endosomes from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, and it is required for the movement of motor proteins. Therefore, the correct options are A, B, D, and E.
To know more about Golgi complex please visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30852243
#SPJ11
what sequences are in a cdna but not present in genomic dna
Because cDNA is synthesized from mRNA, it lacks introns, which are non-coding regions of DNA found in genomic DNA.
cDNA might also have some sequences that are absent from genomic DNA in addition to not having introns. These movements consist of:
Untranslated regions (UTRs) are parts of mRNA that are not translated into proteins yet are crucial for the regulation of gene activity. UTRs, which are absent from genomic DNA, are added to cDNA after it is created from mRNA.
A single gene may occasionally encode several mRNA transcripts through a procedure known as alternative splicing, which enables the synthesis of several protein isoforms. Sequences from certain splicing variants that are not found in the genomic DNA may be found in cDNA that was created from mRNA.
Signals of polyadenylation can be found in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNA and are crucial for mRNA stability and translation.
TO know more about cDNA click here
brainly.com/question/2946174
#SPJ4
High Levels Of Citric Acid Inhibit The Enzyme Phosphofructokinase, A Key Enzyme In Glycolysis. Citric Acid Binds To The Enzyme At A Different Location From The Active Site. This Is An Example Of Select One: A. The Specificity Of Enzymes For Their Substrates. B. Positive Feedback Regulation. C. An Enzyme Requiring A Cofactor. D. Allosteric Regulation.
E. copetitive inhibition
The correct answer is D: Allosteric Regulation.
Allosteric regulation is a process in which a molecule binds to an enzyme at a site that is not its active site, causing a conformational change and either activating or inhibiting the enzyme's activity. In the case of citric acid and phosphofructokinase, citric acid binds to a regulatory site and causes the enzyme to become inactive. This is an example of allosteric regulation because it is a change in enzyme activity caused by a molecule binding to a non-active site.
In allosteric regulation, a molecule called a ligand binds to a regulatory site on an enzyme and causes a conformational change. This change either activates or inhibits the enzyme's activity. In the case of phosphofructokinase, the binding of citric acid to the regulatory site causes the enzyme to become inactive, resulting in the inhibition of the enzyme. This inhibition prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is an essential step in glycolysis.
In summary, high levels of citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase by binding to the enzyme at a regulatory site and causing a conformational change that inhibits the enzyme's activity. This is an example of allosteric regulation, where a molecule binds to a regulatory site and causes a conformational change that either activates or inhibits the enzyme's activity.
To know more about allosteric regulation, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/13708316#
#SPJ11
what is the common molecule involved in the catabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?
The common molecule involved in the catabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP is a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes, and it is created during the breakdown of these macromolecules. Proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids, which can be further broken down into intermediates that enter into cellular respiration pathways. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which can also be used in cellular respiration. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which enters into glycolysis, a cellular respiration pathway. ATP is produced during the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular processes.
To learn more about catabolism refer to:
brainly.com/question/29461502
#SPJ4
which tissue uses peristalsis to help move food along the digestive tract
The smooth muscle tissue uses peristalsis to help move food along the digestive tract.
Peristalsis is a wave-like contraction of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that pushes food and other contents forward. This is how food travels through the digestive tract in our bodies. In the digestive tract, smooth muscles are found in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon.The smooth muscle tissue that lines the digestive tract is responsible for performing the task of peristalsis. Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract that aids in the digestion of food and the movement of waste through the intestines.The muscles in the walls of the digestive tract push the food along in a wave-like motion. The movement of food down the digestive tract is controlled by the nervous system. As food is broken down by enzymes in the digestive tract, it is slowly moved down the tract by peristalsis. The waste product that remains after the food is broken down is eliminated from the body through the anus.
For more such questions on peristalsis
https://brainly.com/question/3223318
#SPJ11
