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a) In how many cases in the genetic code would you fail to know the amino acid specified by a codon if you knew only the first two nucleotides of the codon?
b) In how many cases would you fail to know the first two nucleotides of the codon if you knew which amino acid is specified by it?
Answer:
a) 28 cases
b) 3 cases
Explanation:
a) From the table of genetic codes, there are 28 codons that specify more than one amino acid assuming only the first two nucleotides are considered. In these cases, one cannot outrightly specify the amino acid the genetic codes are coding for without knowing the last nucleotide of the codes. For example, UU can be for Phenylalanine or Leucine, CA can be for Histidine or Glutamine, etc.
b) From the table of genetic codes, the first two nucleotides of Arginine can be either of CG or AG, that of Serine can be either of UC or AG while that Leucine can be either of CU or UU. Only in these 3 cases would one fail to know which are the first two nucleotides assuming the name of the amino acids are given.
See the attached image for the genetic code.
Most angiosperms incorporate the assistance of animals in their reproductive cycle. This is a major advancement that gave them an advantage over other plant lineages and helped them become the dominant type of plant on Earth today. Which of the following steps in the reproduction of angiosperms do animals assist with? Check all that apply.
A. Pollination
B. Seed dispersal
C. Fertilization
Answer: The steps in reproduction of angiosperms that animals assist with is
a.) Pollination
Explanation:
ANGIOSPERMS are flowering plants that forms the largest group in the plant kingdom. The angiosperms are more highly evolved than other plants because they have an abundance of water- conducting vessels and bear seeds which are protected within fruits. Fruits develop from the ovaries of flowers, the female reproductive organ of the angiosperms.
Pollination is only the first step in the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It is followed by fertilization and development of the zygote. These steps change the flower into a fruit enclosing seeds. Pollination in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a receptive stigma.
Pollination depends on external pollinating agents known as pollinators. These include
--> insects and
--> animals such as birds, squirrel,bats and snails.
Animals such as birds perceive red colour more clearly than insects. They are also larger than insects and unlike insects have a poor sense of smell. As a result, flowers of plants that are pollinated by birds are usually Res with no scent. While flowers pollinated by insects are scented and produce nectar. As they visit the flower, they become covered with the pollen from the mature anthers of the flower. These pollen grains are eventually transferred to the stigma of another flower of the same species leading to fertilization which is a step in plant reproduction. Therefore, pollination is a step in reproduction of angiosperms that animals assist.
Answer:
B. Seed dispersal
Explanation:
Seed dispersion is an ecological process very important in keeping ecosystemic biodiversity and in vegetal communities regeneration. There are many types of dispersion. But probably, zoocory is one of the most significant types of seed dispersion.
There are two types of zoocory:
Exozoocory: refers to the transport of seeds in the fur or feathers of animals.Endozzocory: refers to the ingestion of the seeds and the posterior excretion.By endozoocory, herbivores are significant not only for dispersing the seeds but also for scarifying them. When seeds pass along the digestive system of the animals, the whole digestive process eliminates or debilitates the cuticle and other external structures, increasing the proportion and speed of germination.
Many vertebrates are involved in seed dispersion, but birds and frugivorous bats play an important role in dispersing seeds far away from the parental plant, playing an important role in the natural ecosystem regeneration processes.
Describe how decomposers link the living and non-living parts of an ecosystem
trình bày cơ chế hấp thụ và chuyển hóa lipid từ đường tiêu hóa ở người?
Choose one biogeochemical cycle and explain.
science
the imaginary lines which divide the earth into areas of 15º are called
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[tex]\color{red}{⚠TheQueenNoNeedAKing⚠} [/tex]
[tex]\color{Violet}\rm{Answer:}[/tex]
longitude lines
longitude lines. Imaginary lines, also called meridians, running vertically around the globe. Unlike latitude lines, longitude lines are not parallel. Meridians meet at the poles and are widest apart at the equator. Zero degrees longitude (0) is called the prime meridian.[tex]\color{Violet}\rm{☘︎Hopeithelps!}[/tex]
__________________________________
“But you, my Lord, are a God of compassion and mercy; you are very patient and full of faithful love.” — Psalm 86:15 ❤__________________________________
which leaf carries out more photosynthesis and explain why
Answer:
Explanation:
palisade layer
The upper, palisade layer captures most of the sunlight and carries out most of the photosynthesis. The columnar cells of the palisade layer contain many chloroplasts.
Name the two systems in a growing plant
Answer:
1. The Shoot System
2. The Root System
Explanation:
Answer:
1) the shoot system, and 2) the root system.
Explanation:
*Which of the following are all direct methods of flood contro
a. soil conservation, dams, artificial levees
b. dams, artificial levees, overflow channels
C. floodplains, artificial levees, dams
d. dams, overflow channels, soil conservation
Fevers (below 102ºF):
a
Damage essential proteins in your body
b
Inhibit the growth of pathogens and stimulate macrophage action
c
Occur late in the disease process, after the pathogen is almost eliminated
d
Require emergency treatment
Answer:
Inhibit the growth of pathogens and stimulate macrophage action
The correct answer is B
function of Iris?
function of Suspensory ligament?
function of Yellow Spot?
function of Choroid?
function of retina?
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
• Function of Iris?
The Iris simply regulates the amount if light that'll enter ones eyes.
• function of Suspensory ligament?
The sensory ligament maintains and also supports the eyeball's position within the orbit, while also preventing the eyeball's downward displacement of the eyeball.
• function of Yellow Spot?
A yellow spot refers to the area which can be found on the retina where there is beat vision. It is the part where maximum light falls
• Function of Choroid?
The choroid supplies nutrients to the outer retina and also maintains the volume of the eye and its temperature.
• function of retina
The retina receives light which is converted into neural signals, and this will then be sent on to the brain.
10. Which process uses special proteins on the surface of the membrane
to identify specific molecules for transport into the cell?
a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
C. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. exocytosis
Answer:
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Refer to the given diagram to answer Question 9
Y-ANTIBODIES
X-WBC
V-RBC
W-PLATELETS
QUESTION 9
ry
Which of the labelled structures in the diagram match the function below.
1.
Contains haemoglobin
II.
Carries out phagocytes
III.
Produces antibodies
J.
Involves in blood clotting
IV
A.
V
Y
W
В.
W
V
Y
С.
V
Y
X
w
D
Y
X
W
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer c contains all the list listed
What would you say to a friend that says "GMOs are dangerous to human health"?
Everything have both positive and negative impacts
Gmos( genetically modified organisms ) are good and dangerous both
if we carefully practice genetic engineering then it is beneficial but if we use it only for our income source without caring about its worst effects then its very dangerous
In the population of plant K, each plant has only red flowers or only white flowers. A farmer collected the seeds from plant K with red flowers to grow new plants. Explain why the new plants will have only red flowers
Answer:
nose
Explanation:
nosenosenosenosenosenosenosenosenosenosenose
The new plants will have only red flowers because the trait for red flowers is determined by a dominant gene, and all the plants in population K have the same homozygous genotype for the flower color.
In genetics, the flower color trait in population K is determined by genes present in the plants' DNA. There are two alleles, or gene variants, for the flower color: one for red flowers (let's call it R) and one for white flowers (let's call it r). The gene for red flowers (R) is dominant, meaning that even if only one copy of the gene is present in an individual's genotype (heterozygous), it will produce the red flower phenotype. On the other hand, the gene for white flowers (r) is recessive, which means it will only produce the white flower phenotype if two copies are present in the genotype (homozygous recessive).
In population K, all the plants have only red flowers, indicating that they must have the genotype RR. Since all the plants are homozygous for the dominant red flower gene (RR), when they reproduce, they can only pass on the dominant allele R to their offspring. As a result, all the new plants that grow from the seeds collected from these plants will also have the genotype RR and, therefore, express the red flower phenotype.
Since there are no plants in population K with the genotype rr (homozygous recessive), which is necessary for white flowers, there is no chance of white-flowered plants appearing in the new generation. Thus, the new plants will have only red flowers due to the uniformity of the homozygous dominant genotype in the original population.
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Phospholipids are lipids that form most of the structure of the cell membrane. True or false
Fill in the blank below with the vocabulary word that best completes the sentenc
is the science of naming and classifying organisms based on structura
genetic evidence
Which statement describes Mendel’s hypotheses regarding gametes?
A) gamete carries two genes for a trait.
B) gamete carries one allele for a gene.
C) gamete can carry multiple alleles for a trait.
D) Some gametes are dominant and some are recessive.
Answer:
The correct answer is B. A gamete carries one allele for a gene.
Explanation:
Gamete (also called sex cell or reproductive cell) is a haploid cell (having half number of chromosome as compared to the parent cell) that is produced through a cell division, termed as meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms.
According to the Law of segregation given by Gregor Mendel-
During the process of gamete formation, the two alleles of each gene segregate from one another so that a gamete carries one allele for a gene.
Thus, option B) is the right answer.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
which method of evolution best defines the figure:
A. fossilization
B. non-random mating
C. natural selection
D. gene flow
Answer:
C) Natural Selection
Explanation:
Density is mass per unit of volume. Which pair of lab instruments would a student use to measure the density of seawater?
answer:
a balance and a graduated cylinder
Explanation
Density is mass per unit and it is property characteristic of a substance. The arrangement of the mass of atoms and their size is what determines the the density of a substance.
For a student to measure the density of seawater he/she is required to use a balance and a graduated cylinder where a balance will be used to measure the mass of the mineral sample and then a graduated cylinder to determine the volume.
The enzyme could become spatially distorted, thus reducing the ability of the active site to catalyze the reaction. Tight enzyme-substrate binding will reduce the forward rate constant for the reaction. Tight binding of the enzyme to its substrate will pull the substrate out of solution, thus decreasing the driving force for the forward reaction. Tight binding of the enzyme to its substrate will result in the enzyme-transition state complex being higher in energy than with weaker binding. All of the above.
Answer:
All of the above.
Explanation:
All the given options are the potential disadvantage of an enzyme that have a very high affinity for its substrate.
The enzyme can be distorted spatially and thus reduces the ability to catalyze the reaction of the active site.
The tight binding of an enzyme to a substrate results in enzyme transition state complex which is higher in energy.
The tight binding also pulls the substrate out of the solution and decreases a driving force in the forward reaction.
This animal has a protostome developmental pattern and a trochophore larva. Identify the major clades that this animal belongs to
Answer:
Lophotrochozoans (it is a protostome)
Explanation:
Lophotrochozoa is a group (clade) of protostome animals, i.e. animals that undergo a developmental pattern in which the blastopore develops into the mouth. Lophotrochozoa clade includes bryozoans, annelids, molluscs, brachiopods, and platyhelminthes. Most lophotrochozoans have either a lophophore or trochophore larvae during the planktonic stage. A trochophore larva is a marine planktotrophic larva with several bands of cilia that form the locomotory organ (i.e., the prototroch), which is only found within the Lophotrochozoans.
When the larva and the adult form of an organism are different from each other this type of development is called indirect development. For example Porifers and platyhelminthis.
the larval form is Lophotrochozoans (it is a protostome)
Lophotrochozoa is a group (clade) of protostome animals, i.e. animals that undergo a developmental pattern in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.
Lophotrochozoa clade includes bryozoans, annelids, molluscs, brachiopods, and Platyhelminthes.
Most lophotrochozoans have either a lophophore or trochophore larvae during the planktonic stage. A trochophore larva is a marine planktotrophic larva with several bands of cilia that form the locomotory organ (i.e., the prototroch), which is only found within the Lophotrochozoans.
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The total magnification produced from a 15x ocular and a 4x objective would be
If a bacterial isolate show intermediate to moderate resistance to an antimicrobial, how might this drug still be successfully used in the treatment of this microbe
Answer:
Due to its effectiveness.
Explanation:
This drug still be successfully used in the treatment of this microbe because of its effectiveness on the microbes. All the microbes did not got resistance against the antimicrobial chemical and they are not full proof from the antibiotics so that's why the antimicrobial are used in the treatment of microbes. If all the microbes attain resistance against antimicrobial drug so it can't any affect on the microbes.
The same nutrient is one of the
slowest moving nutrients and is
often the limiting nutrient in
aquatic ecosystems. What is this
nutrient?
A. carbon
B. nitrogen
C. phosphorus
The answer is c
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient, or nutrient that is most scarce and thus limits growth, in aquatic ecosystems.
Hope it helps
Many North Americans have misconceptions about their own protein needs and the roles of protein in the body.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
I think its true hope this helped
Many North Americans have misconceptions about their own protein needs and the roles of protein in the body True.
What is Proteins?The body is made up of protein, which may be found in almost every organ, tissue, and body part, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions.
Twenty-plus fundamental building blocks known as amino acids are used to create protein.
The essential amino acids, also known as histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, must be obtained from diet.
Therefore, Many North Americans have misconceptions about their own protein needs and the roles of protein in the body True.
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The diagram below shows an energy pyramid for various trophic levels in an ecosystem. According to this pyramid, which trophic level has the LEAST amount of energy?
1. A
2.B
3.C
4.D
Answer:
A
Explanation:
X-ray crystallography is a very important process that is used to help identify the structure of molecules. What exactly does this process show?
Answer:
can reveal the precise three-dimensional positions of most atoms in a protein molecule because x-rays and covalent bonds have similar wavelength, and therefore currently provides the best visualization of protein structure.
Because x-rays and covalent bonds have comparable wavelengths, they can now give the finest imaging of protein structure because they can reveal the precise three-dimensional locations of the majority of atoms in a protein molecule.
What is X-ray crystallography?
X-ray, a scientific technique called crystallography may be used to map out the atoms of a crystalline material in three dimensions. By using most crystalline materials' interatomic gap as a diffraction gradient for x-ray radiation, which has wavelengths on the order of 1 angstrom, this method makes use of the interatomic spacing of most crystalline solids.
Wilhelm Rontgen made the discovery of x-rays in 1895. Up until 1912, there remained disagreement about whether x-rays constituted electromagnetic energy or particles. Researchers recognized that this light's wavelength would need to be in the range of 1 Angstrom (A) if the wave theory was accurate.
It would be necessary to use a gradient with separation on the same order of magnitude as the light for diffraction and measurement of such tiny wavelengths.
To diffract the x-ray beams, the arrangement of the atoms must be in an ordered, periodic form. The specific arrangement of atoms in that crystal is then revealed through a sequence of mathematical computations to create a diffraction pattern. The principal technique still in use today for studying the structure and bonding of organometallic compounds is X-ray crystallography.
Therefore, since x-rays and covalent bonds can display the precise three-dimensional locations of the majority of atoms in a protein molecule, they provide the best imaging of protein structure currently achievable.
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I kneed you know what the answer is
Pretty sure its Phagocytosis
Observational Research is defined as
A). An idea generated by scientists based on their observations
B). A stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different observational techniques
C). A Process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes?
