Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Our nucleus is made up of a genetic material called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is a double-helical structure that stores the genetic information needed for the optimal functioning of any organism. DNA, alongside RNA are nucleic acids that are composed of NUCLEOTIDES subunits. The nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
However, the genetic information stored in the DNA molecule needs to be expressed in order to form useful products (proteins). This genetic expression is done in two stages viz: transcription and translation. Transcription, which is catalyzed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase is the process whereby the information stored in the DNA is used to synthesize a mRNA molecule. However, this mRNA molecule is considered pre-mature until it is processed. RNA processing occurs in three stages viz: 5' capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.
5' capping involves adding a 5' cap to the marks molecule. Polyadenylation involves adding a poly(A) tail to the mRNA molecule while splicing is the removal of introns (non coding regions) with the aid of Spliceosomes and joining of the exons (coding region). After processing, the mRNA becomes matured and ready to be translated.
Translation is the process whereby the mRNA transcript is used to synthesize a protein molecule. It occurs in the ribosomes (organelles for protein synthesis, a complex of rRNA and proteins) where the mRNA is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODON. The reading is done by the Anticodon of a transfer RNA (tRNA), which is complementary to the codon.
Translation occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. The mRNA attaches to the P site of the ribosomes (initiation) where it is attached to by a tRNA's anticodon complementary to it. The anticodon carries the amino acid corresponding the codon and shifts to the A-site. The addition of amino acid to the polypeptide chain continues (elongation) until a stop codon is encountered, which signals the end of the translation process i.e. termination. This causes the polypeptide (protein) to be released from the E-site.
The synthesized protein undergoes packaging and modification in the Golgi apparatus.
When the blood glucose concentration is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon to signal the liver to produce glucose and glucose-1-phosphate. Which metabolic steps are involved in this biosignaling pathway
Answer:
See below (Correct Answer: I and IV)
Explanation:
Inactivation of glycogen synthase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A
Activation of glycogen synthase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A
Activation of phosphofructokinase-2 via phosphorylation by protein kinase A
Activation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A
Activation of phosphofructokinase-1 by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
Inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
Inactivation of pyruvate kinase via phosphorylation by protein kinase A
II
I and IV
I, III, V, VI, and VII
I, IV, and VII
Correct Answer: (b) I and IV
Glycogenolysis: It is the process by which glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells, break down to form glucose.
why are g protein important for drug discovery?
Answer:
G protein - coupled receptors(GPCRs)n belong to a large family of signaling proteins that mediate cellular reponses to most hormones ,metabolites,cytokines and neuotransmitters and therefore serve as fritful targets for DRUGS DISCOVERYS.
Explanation: histamine(HRH1),serotonin dopamine,opiod and adrenergic receptors.
I HOPE IT'S HELPS YOU TO UNDERSTAND
The role of the ___________ branch of the autonomic nervous system mediates control of organ processes when the body is essentially ______.
Answer: parasympathetic; at rest
Explanation: The parasympathetic nervous system branch of the autonomic nervous system is largely responsible for the relaxation of the body especially at rest where it undoes the activities of the sympathetic branch by decreasing respiration, heart rate and then increasing the body's digestion rate. As such, this branch is also responsible for digestion response in a relaxed, resting, or feeding states. The role therefore of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system mediates control of organ processes when the body is essentially at rest.
The LMand LNalleles at the MN blood-group locus exhibit codominance. Give the expected genotypes and phenotypes and their ratios in progeny resulting from the following crosses.a.LMLM x LMLNb.LNLN x LNLNc.LMLN x LMLNd.LMLN x LNLNe.LMLM x LNLN
Answer:
Please find the expected genotypes and phenotypes of the progenies of each cross below.
Explanation:
In the MN blood-group locus of the gene, alleles LM and LN exhibit codominance i.e one allele is not dominant or recessive to the other, hence, they are both expressed when they occur in a heterozygous state (MN).
Considering the following crosses (find the punnet square attached);
a)LMLM x LMLN - The progeny are LMLM and LMLN in the genotypic ratio 1:1. Phenotypic ratio is Blood type M (1) : blood type MN (1)
b) LNLN x LNLN - The progeny are all LNLN offsprings with a phenotypic and genotypic ratio 4:0. All offsprings will have a blood type N (4)
c) LMLN x LMLN - The progenies are LMLM, LMLN and LNLN in the genotypic ratio 1:2:1 respectively. The phenotypic ratio is Blood type M (1) : L
Blood type MN (2) : Blood type N (1)
d) LMLN x LNLN - The progeny are LMLN and LNLN with genotypic ratio 1:1 and phenotypic ratio blood type MN (1) : blood type N (1)
e) LMLM x LNLN - The progeny are all LMLN offsprings with penotypic ratio blood type MN (4)
Choose a strategy to clone genes known only by a mutant phenotype in organisms with highly efficient transformation procedures and relatively small genomes.
a. cloning by complementation
b. direct sequencing of the mutant genome
c. PCR of the gene and transformation of an organism
d. cloning using a specific cloning vector
Answer:
Option a (cloning by complementation) `would be the correct choice.
Explanation:
In species containing extremely efficient transforming techniques as well as comparatively small genomes, cloning by rearrangement testing is performed to clone gene products mostly by a mutated gene as the rearrangement test was being used to detect mutations.This strategy for cloning through mechanism begins with identifying another yeast mutant that affects something like a plasmid representing a cloned genetic material.The other options in question aren't relevant to the particular circumstance. Therefore the answer to the above seems to be the right one.
Give four reasons why th toe operating system pivotal in teaching and learning
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The four reasons why the operating system is pivotal in teaching and learning are the following.
1) Operating systems are the foundation of the computer. Without the operation system in place, you could not run any program.
2) The operating system presents an interface that allows users to perform many tasks at the same time, with all degrees of complexity.
3) The operating system permits the installation of all kinds of software so the user could work on practically anything.
4) Applications for sound, video, graphics, mathematics, and many other activities can be run due to the operating system.
In these times of digital education, the operation system of a computer allows users to do all the needed activities to fulfill the goals of teaching and learning. From video classes, team meetings, corporate dates, continuing training activities, and many more, the capacity of a good operating system is what makes it easy for you to accomplish your goals.
Some people use the terms "cell cycle" and "mitosis" as if they were the same thing. Which of these best describes why they are not the same?
a. the cell cycle is just a stage of mitosis
b. mitosis and the cell cycle are different types of cell division that occur in different of cells in a multicellular organism
c. mitosis is a sequence of events within the cell cycle that separates the genetic material
d. mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryots and the cell cycle takes place in prokaryots
Answer: C. Cells in meiosis have unique genetic information
Explanation: Meiosis is the cell division that forms four daughter cells from one parent cell. It includes two successive divisions called as meiosis I and meiosis II. Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis I imparts new gene combinations to the daughter cells of meiosis. Hence, daughter cells formed by the end of meiosis have some new gene combinations, that is, unique genetic information.
Choose a strategy to clone genes known only by a mutant phenotype in organisms with highly efficient transformation procedures and relatively small genomes.
Answer:
By combining traditional genetic mapping with whole-genome sequencing (next-generation sequencing)
Explanation:
Map-based cloning, also named positional cloning, is a technique used to identify genetic sequences linked to markers whose exact physical localization in the genome is known. Map-based cloning has shown to be useful to clone genes, however, this approach is limited to the existence of mutant phenotypes in different organisms/accessions/strains. In recent years, map-based cloning has been combined with next-generation sequencing methodologies in order to clone genes in background of single mutants without information on multiple organisms. This type of strategy has the potential for identifying causal mutations and thus clone genes in species with small genomes and high transformation efficiencies such as, for example, Arabidopsis thaliana.
who is the father of Genetic
Answer:
hey there
Explanation: answer is gregor mendal is the father of genetic in 19th century.
Answer:
Gregor Johann Mendel
A graduate student studying biology at the University of Nebraska has identified a new species of spider found only in Eastern Nebraska around Omaha. The graduate student determines that the spider has six homologous pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes would a cell in that spider have during metaphase of mitosis?
Answer:
12 chromosomes
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. The two daughter cells are genetically identical in the sense that they contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis involves four stages namely: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
In the metaphase stage as stated in this question, homologous chromosomes align at the equator of the cell called cell plate, before each chromatids are pulled apart by microtubules at the Anaphase stage.
According to the question, the spider being worked on has 6 pairs of chromosomes, which will align at the cell's equator during metaphase stage of mitosis. Since the replicated chromosomes (chromatids) are yet to separate to opposite poles of the cell, the cell will still contain 12 chromosomes at the metaphase stage.
N.B: Each chromosome contains 2 chromatids or replicated chromosome, which will be separated at the Anaphase stage. Each chromatid will be an individual chromosome after cytokinesis.
You continue this approach by designing two separate experiments. In the first experiment, you use glucose where "Coccupies position 1. In the second experiments, 14C occupies position 2 and 6 in the glucose molecules. For each experiment, you use 0.2 moles of radiolabeled glucose and you assume that all the pyruvate formed is converted to acetyl-CoA. What following statements are correct? (select 3)
a) When glucose is labeled on carbon #1, 0.2 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
b) When glucose is labeled on carbon #1, 0.1 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
c) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and #6, 0.2 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
d) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, 0.1 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
e) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, the carbonyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled
f) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, the methyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled
Answer:
b) When glucose is labeled on carbon #1, 0.1 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
c) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and #6, 0.2 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled
e) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, the carbonyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled
f) When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, the methyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled
Explanation:
When glucose undergoes glycolysis, it is converted into two molecules of pyruvate with carbon 1 to 3 forming the first molecule of pyruvate and carbon 4 to 6 the second molecule of pyruvate. The C-1 and C-6 of the glucose molecule becomes the methyl groups of each of the two molecules of pyruvate. The C-2 and C-5 of the glucose molecule forms the carbonyl carbon of each of the two pyruvate molecules. Each of the two pyruvate molecules undergoes further oxidation to yield acetyl-CoA with the carbonyl and methyl groups of pyruvate retained in the acetyl-CoA molecules.
Thus when 0.2 moles of glucose are labelled at C-1 and then C-2 and C-6 in each of the two experiments the following results are obtained:
When glucose is labeled on carbon-1, 0.1 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled since half of the two pyruvate molecules are obtained from C-1
When glucose is labeled on carbon-2 and carbon-6, 0.2 mole of acetyl-CoA is radiolabeled since the C-2 and C-6 of the glucose molecules forms a part of one of each of the two pyruvate molecules.
When glucose is labeled on carbons #2 and 6, the carbonyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled since one of the two carbonyl groups of the two pyruvate molecules is formed from C-2 of glucose.
When glucose is labeled on carbon-2 and carbon-6, the methyl groups of half of the acetyl-CoA molecules are radiolabeled since one of the two methyl groups of the two pyruvate molecules is formed from C-6 of glucose.
I need help, please!!
Answer:
Aerobic respiration ; Respiration using oxygen
Mitochondria ; Where respiration takes place
Anaerobic respiration ; Respiration in the absence of oxygen
Lactic acid ; Substance that build up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration .
Fermentation ; Process that converts sugar into alcohol
Explanation:
I hope it helps :)
Answer:
aerobic respiration - resperation using oxygen
mitochondria - where resperation takes place
anaerobic respiration - resperation in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid - substance that builds up in muscles during anerobic resperation
fermentation - process that converts sugar into alcohol
as Ethanol fermentation is also known as alcoholic fermentation
( hope I helped you ) :)
(06.03 LC) Which of the following is an example of how HIV can be transmitted from one person to another? Contact between infected blood and a mucus membrane Contact between infected saliva and an open wound Contact between infected blood and skin Contact between infected saliva and lining of mouth
Answer:
i believe the answer is contact between a infected blood and a mucus membrane
Explanation:
explain where the pericardium is found and what it does for the heart
Answer:
the pericardium is found in your heat Problems can occur when the pericardium becomes enflamed or fills with fluid.
1. Question: How does temperature affect the growth of bacteria?
Procedures: A scientist places three different petri dishes in 20C, 35C,
and 60C. After 2 days, the number of bacteria colonies were counted.
Answer:
It directly affects
Explanation:
Bacteria are conditioned by external environmental factors such as partial pressure of oxygen, humidity, temperature, metabolites, radiation present, living with other types of colonies, partial pressures of carbon dioxide, etc.
The growth of a colony will always be better or worse as long as the ideal environmental conditions are met for that bacterium to nurture and develop widely.
In general, the ideal temperature is around 37 degrees for most bacteria, although it also depends a lot on the presence of the substrate they need to live and give their necessary metabolites.
Why photosynthesis can't take place in such an environment , where there is no oxygen..? And exactly why trees need oxygen for photosynthesis ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis is a chemical process that leads to the release of oxygen as a by-product and is necessary for cellular respiration
Explanation:
The plants produce or make oxygen form the wastes of starch, sunlight carbon dioxide, and water. In order to burn the sugar that is stored in the plants, it needs to have sunlight which requires oxygen. As the break down of sugar C6 H12 O6 to CO2 and H2O needs O2 to do it. Which is called cellular respiration. This is also stated by the first law of thermodynamics that energy cannot be created and neither destroyed but transforms itself. Photosynthesis is the chemical process that is used to convert this chemical energy which makes carbon and water into glucose and oxygen is released as a by-product.Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Henry went on a field trip to a national park. He not only observed the aquatic life in the pond, but also the trees, vegetation, and animal’s species on land. Which type of diversity did Henry come across in the national park? Henry came across the______ diversity.
Answerflora
Explanation:
The lactic acid generated in the body of a cricketer is first converted to glycogen in 1) Muscles 2) Liver 3) Blood 4) Both 2 and 3
Answer:
2) liver
Explanation:
the bloods transports the lactic acid to the liver to be converted into glycogen
which of the following MOST directly influences a measurable outcome in an experiment?
Answer:
Hello. You did not enter the answer options, but the factor that most directly influences a measurable result in an experiment is the manipulation of the variables.
Explanation:
In an experiment, the manipulation of variables becomes highly important so that it is possible to measure, that is, evaluate the result. This is because it is the variables that express values that represent the characteristics that are being analyzed and studied within the experiment. Therefore, the manipulation between them must be done in a very rational and balanced way so as not to modify the values shown by them, changing the data and generating false or immeasurable data.
You believe that the cytosolic protein p007 is involved in mediating growth hormone-stimulated proliferation in cells. You wish to establish a cell model using your cultured fibroblasts. Provide clear explanations to the following, each worth 2.5 pts each. a) Describe how you would transfect the growth hormone receptor DNA into your cells to create stable cell lines, and include a description of the benefits of using stable cell lines versus transiently transfected cell line. b) Describe how you would measure specific receptor binding of GH to your stable cell line. c) Describe how you would measure growth hormone-induced proliferation in your stable cell line. Make sure to include controls. d) Describe how you would use RNAi to demonstrate the requirement for p007 in growth-hormone stimulated proliferation. Make sure to include controls.
Answer:
Following are the answer to this question:
Explanation:
In option a:
There are many ways, which can be defined as follows:
It keeping cells "qualified," use heat shock and handle ions like Ca and ice incubating.It uses Micro-injection with DNA. It uses the biolistics or even the process of gene-gun.The stable cell charts indicate simple and definitive outcomes when their relationship to specific results. Moreover, relative to temporary cell lines, findings are more reliable and error-free. These lines also easily break and much less.
In option b:
Radio tests including linking tests could be used
The Ligand Binding Assays is an analysis, that is based on the binding of ligands to antibodies, or other macromolecules. Its existence and distance of formed ligand-receptor complexes are defined using a system of measurement that is usually electrical or fluorescent.
In option c:
The method for measuring the levels of cell growth is accessible and the Another way is to measure the metabolism within the same cell. So many color pigments were also accessible that can permeate an organism as well as react with some proteins as well as other factors, and that can effectively identify a color final product.
Throughout relation to the amount of metabolism exercise, cell proliferation could be evaluated by researching one or even more cell markings. The BrdU limited liability assessment is a very well-published illustration.
Its specific antibody can detect BrdU and high BrdUincorporations levels are linked to high levels of cell proliferation. Command cell without DNA receptor growth hormone.
In option d:
The cell growth will stop after each use of RNA interference ( RNAi). The p007 formation as well as the effect on growth caused by the intrusion will be a goal. If development is delayed effectively, the theory will be tested successfully to a cell without any of the required DNA. The RNAi is the free cell
Biologists designed an experiment to test the effects of compost on the development of root crops
Answer:
The crop has good yield because Compost has a good effect on root crops.
Explanation:
Compost has a great effect on the development of root crops such as onion, potato, garlic and ginger etc. Compost provide nutrients to these crops as well as soften the soil due to which they grow rapidly. It also improved ventilation, soil structure and soil texture which is very necessary for the crop. Due to ventilation, oxygen gas is available to the roots which increases growth and yield of these crops. Compost also retain water and nutrients so they are available to the roots. So those plots where compost is applied observed increase in yield as compared to other plots.
on terms of genetic similarity, which list is ordered from most similar to least similar b. cousin, uncle, mother, non twin sibling, identical twin
Answer:
Identical Twin, non twin sibling, Mother, Cousin, Then Uncle
Explanation:
A mutation that hides the effect of another mutation at a site that is distinct from the site of the original mutation, but with in the same gene. This mutation is best described as a
Answer:
The correct answer is intragenic suppressor mutation.
Explanation:
A suppressor mutation partially or completely converses the effects of a different mutation. A suppressor mutation is of two kinds, that is, an intragenic suppressor and an intergenic suppressor. An intragenic suppressor converses the influence of a mutation at a distinct site in a similar gene.
On the other hand, an intergenic suppressor converses the influence of a mutation at a distinct locus of the gene. It is the intragenic suppressor mutation, which takes place in a similar gene where the occurrence of the first mutation had taken place. Therefore, the mutation, which hides the influence of another mutation at a location, which is different from the location of the original mutation, but taking place in a similar gene can be illustrated as the intragenic suppressor mutation.
In the DNA isolation process, cells are mixed with sodium chloride (i.e. NaCl) because the sodium (Na ) neutralizes the negative charge of DNA.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
this is true it neutralise easily
It is true that in the DNA isolation process, cells are mixed with sodium chloride (i.e. NaCl) because the sodium (Na ) neutralizes the negative charge of DNA.
What is DNA isolation?DNA extraction is a method of separating DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components using physical and/or chemical methods from a sample. In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated DNA for the first time.
The ability to extract DNA is critical for studying the genetic causes of disease and developing diagnostics and drugs.
It is also required for forensic science, genome sequencing, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment, and determining paternity.
Because sodium (Na+) neutralizes the negative charge of DNA, cells are mixed with sodium chloride (i.e. NaCl) during the DNA isolation process. It makes homogenization easier.
Thus, the given statement is true.
For more details regarding DNA isolation, visit:
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Every interaction with the outside world is because of A) epithelial tissue B) connective tissue C) nervous tissue D) muscular tissue
Answer:
A cutaneous membrane is a multi-layered membrane composed of epithelial and connective tissues. The apical surface of this membrane exposed to the external environment and is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help protect the body from desiccation and pathogens....
How does the movement of particles of matter change when temperature increases?
Decreases
Increases
Increases then decreases
Does not change
Answer:
Increases
Explanation:
The movement of particles of the matter increases with the increase in temperature.
The particles gain kinetic energy with increasing temperature and move in faster rate.
For example: When we blow a balloon with our mouth, we increases the temperature inside the balloon, the particles in the balloon gain kinetic energy that leads to the faster movement of gas particles in the balloon and they collide with each other and surface of balloon, after a peak the balloon get burst because of high kinetic energy and high collision.
Hence, the correct answer is "increases".
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? Select one: A. mechanical processing B. absorption C. secretion D. ingestion E. filtration
Answer: option E.
Filtration.
Explanation:
Digestive system consist of the gastrointestinal tracts, organs that help to breakdown large complex consumed food into to small pieces which can easily be absorbed by the body.
Filtration is not a function of digestive system because it play a major role in circulatory system which help in movement of solutes out of the capillary into interstitial fluid by separating the bigger particles from the smaller particles, filtering out nitrogenous waste and regulating salt concentration .
Jeremiah is on a school trip to a forest preserve. According to the urban heat island effect, as Jeremiah leaves the city and heads toward the nature preserve, the temperature should (first drop-down) . That's because large cities (second drop-down) more heat than rural areas. When Jeremiah arrives at the preserve, he immediately notices the effects of solar radiation. The blacktop in the parking lot feels (third drop-down) the green grass where his class will eat their picnic lunch. →First drop -down options 1. Remain the same 2. decrease 3. increase Second drop-down options 1. absorb 2. transmit 3. reflect third drop-down options 1. hotter than 2. cooler than 3. same temperature as←
Answer:
2. decrease
3. reflect
1. hotter than
Explanation:
As Jeremiah will move towards nature preserve the temperature will decrease because heat once absorbed as energy is reflected by a temperature rise and large cities reflect more heat than rural areas. It is so because large cities have buildings and other structures that absorb fore heat and reflect more heat.
The blacktop will be hotter than the green grass because blacktop reflects more heat in comparison to green grass.
Hence, the correct answer is:
2. decrease
3. reflect
1. hotter than
Answer:
decrease
reflect
hotter than
Explanation:
Help me please!!! I need this
Answer:
The correct answer is - option A. 1 (ovary).
Explanation:
Oocytes or egg are produced in the ovaries during the process of the female gametogenesis in female reproductive system. Ovaries are located on each side of the uterus that are oval and small in shape and size and located lower abdomen.
Among other female reproductive organs these are located above others. The ovaries produce oocytes and hormones It is the site at which primordial germ cell (PGC), become primary oocytes.
Thus, the correct answer is - option A. 1 (ovary).
Which statement correctly compares the "Analysis" and "Conclusion" sections of a lab report?
Answer:
Hello. You did not enter the answer options, but I can help you by stating that the correct comparison between "analyze" and "conclusion" is one that shows that "Analysis" is able to compare specific research data, while "conclusion" is able to suggest additional research to arrive at more concrete data.
Explanation:
In a scientific research, the "Analysis" section is where the specific research data and the interactions and information that can be extracted from them are analyzed, in a succinct and explanatory way. This section is very important to present how these data were acquired and how they work within the theme developed in the research.
The section called "conclusion", in turn, presents the section where the research will conclude the established theme, showing an affirmation discovered through the research or suggesting additional research that will help to establish an efficient conclusion.
