What is the difference between elimination and substitution reaction
Identify the key factors that will determine if a reaction undergoes elimination or substitution mechanism.
Use the following reagents to determine the type of reaction pathway expected and determine the products in each reaction.
a. Tert BuO- in tertbutanol and chlorobutane
b. KOH in water and bromobutane
c. NaI in acetone and bromobutane
Write a conclusion of no more than two paragraphs to summarize your results
Answer:
a) E2
b) SN2
c) SN2
Explanation:
A substitution reaction involves replacement of an atom or group in a molecule by another atom or group. An elimination reaction is the loss of two atoms from the same molecule leading to the formation of a multiple bond in the molecule.
We must note that primary alkyl halides never undergo SN1/E1 reactions. However, the presence of a strong bulky base such as tert BuO- , E2 reactions predominate. In the presence of strong bases such as OH^- and good nucleophiles such as I^-, SN2 mechanism predominates.
Compared to an atom of C-12, an atom of C-14 has
A) fewer protons
C) more neutrons
B) fewer neutrons
D) more protons
Explanation:
Carbon-12 atoms have stable nuclei because of the 1:1 ratio of protons and neutrons.
Carbon-14 atoms have nuclei which are unstable. C-14 atoms will undergo alpha decay and produce atoms of N-14. Carbon-14 dating can be used to determine the age of artifacts which are not more than 50,000 years old.
Explain the general properties of aqueous solution based on the following support your answer with examples for each case
1. Electrolytes versus non-electrolyte
2. Precipitation reaction
3. Solubility
An aqueous solution, based on its name, is a water based solution, such that the solvent is water. In such solution, ionic compounds when dissolved, tend to dissociate into the constituent ions, for example, sodium chloride, NaCl forms an aqueous solution of sodium, Na⁺ and chloride, Cl⁻
1) Therefore, aqueous solutions are good electrolyte when ionic, and are therefore, good electrolytes which conduct electricity compared to solids that form non-electrolyte
2) A precipitation reaction is the insoluble product formed by the combination of cations and anions to form ionic solids that are insoluble
3) Aqueous solutions are made with substance that are soluble in water
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17. According to Newton's first law, an object in motion will stay in what kind of
motion as long as the net forces acting on it are zero?
A. slowing motion in a straight line
B. accelerating motion in a straight line
C. constant motion in a straight line
D. constant motion in an unpredictable direction
Answer:
C
Explanation:
According to Newton's first law, an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The option which gives the same meaning is :
constant motion in a straight lineAccording to Newton's first law, an object in motion as long as the net forces acting on it are zero will stay in:
C. constant motion in a straight line
A constant motion in mechanics is a number that remains constant throughout the motion, effectively placing a restriction on the motion.
What is Newton's first law of motion?The foundation of classical mechanics is made up of the three laws of motion that Newton suggested. These three physical laws. In accordance with the three laws of motion, a body's connection to the forces operating on it and the motion that resulted from those forces are both described. As Galileo's law of inertia, Newton's First Law of Motion is also referred to. If a body is not forced by an outside force to change its condition, it will remain in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line. As a factor that has the potential to alter an object's condition, the law defines force and mentions it.In this way, Newton uses the inertia of rest, motion, and direction to describe his first law of motion.A body has an attribute called inertia that makes it resist changes to its state. A body's inertia of translational motion is measured by its mass.To learn more about Newton's first law of motion, refer to:
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Which of the following statements is correct concerning the class of reactions to be expected for benzene and cyclooctatetraene?
A) Both substances undergo addition reactions.
B) Both substances undergo substitution reactions.
C) Benzene undergoes addition; cyclooctatetraene undergoes substitution.
D) Benzene undergoes substitution; cyclooctatetraene undergoes addition.
Answer:
Both substances undergo substitution reactions.
Explanation:
Let us go back to the idea of aromaticity. Aromatic substances are said to possess (4n + 2) π electrons according to Huckel rule.
Aromatic substances are unusually stable and the aromatic ring can not be destroyed by addition reactions.
Since both benzene and cyclooctatetraene are both aromatic, they do not undergo addition reactions whereby the aromatic ring is destroyed. They both undergo substitution reaction in which the aromatic ring is maintained.
1. Consider the following thermochemical reaction for kerosene:
2 C12H26(l) + 37 O2(g) 24 CO2(g) + 26 H2O(l) + 15,026 kJ
(a) When 21.3 g of CO2 are made, how much heat is released?
(b) If 500.00 kJ of heat are released by the reaction, how grams of C12H26 must have been consumed ?
(c) If this reaction were being used to generate heat, how many grams of C12H26 would have to be reacted to generate
enough heat to raise the temperature of 750g of liquid water from 10oC to 90oC?
2. Consider the reaction: NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(l) → NaHSO4(s) + HNO3(g) ΔH° = 21.2 kJ
How much heat must absorbed by the reaction system to convert 100g of NaNO3 into NaHSO4(s)?
3. What is the enthalpy change when 49.4 mL of 0.430 M sulfuric acid reacts with 23.3 mL of 0.309 M potassium
hydroxide?
3.
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) ΔH° = –111.6 kJ/mol
do you have the specific heat for part 2?
crassify the given quantities into scalar quantity and vetor quantity
Answer:
where is the quantities?
Radon-220 undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 55.6 s.?
Assume there are 16,000 atoms present initially and calculate how many atoms will be present at 0 s, 55.6 s, 111.2 s, 166.8 s, 222.4 s, and 278.0 s (all multiples of the half-life). Express your answers as integers separated by commas.
Calculate how many atoms are present at 50 s, 100 s, and 200 s (not multiples of the half-life).
The half life of a radioactive isotope refers to the time taken for half of the number of original number of atoms present in the sample to decay.
The equation below gives the number of atoms present at time t
[tex]N=Noe^-kt[/tex]
N = Number of atoms present at time t
No = Number of atoms initially present
k = decay constant
t = time taken
Given that;
t1/2 = 0.693/k
where t1/2 = half life
k = 0.693/t1/2
k = 0.693/ 55.6 s
k = 0.0125 s-1
Substituting values;
N = 16,000 e^-0.0125(0)
N = 16,000 atoms
At 50 s
N = 16,000 e^-0.0125(50)
= 8564 atoms
At 100 s
N = 16,000 e^-0.0125(100)
= 4584 atoms
At 200 s
N = 16,000 e^-0.0125(200)
= 1313 atoms
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Heating water makes most solids in it
soluble, and it makes gases
soluble.
Increasing the pressure on a gas above water makes the gas
soluble. Compounds with comparatively stronger ionic bonds are
soluble.
Answer:
1. more
2. less
3. more
4. less
Explanation:
What did Millikan discover
Answer:
Robert Millikan was a physicist who discovered the elementary charge of an electron using the oil-drop experiment
Answer:
the mass of an electron using the Oil-Drop experiment.
Explanation:
A reactant. Q. decomposes at a second order. The slope of the graph 1/[Q] (1/M) vs time (s) is -0.04556. If the initial
concentration of Q for the reaction is 0.50 M, what is the concentration in M. of Q after 10.0 minutes?
Answer:
0.034 M
Explanation:
1/[A] = kt + 1/[A]o
[A] = ?
k= 0.04556
t= 10.0 minutes or 600 seconds
[A]o = 0.50 M
1/[A] = (0.04556 × 600) + 1/0.50
[A] = 0.034 M
If you add a solution of NaOH to a solution of H₂CO₃, two reactions occur, one after the other. Write the chemical equations for these two reactions. (Hint: NaOH dissociate into Na+ and OH-, and the hydroxide ion is the actual base).
We have a solution of NaOH and H₂CO₃
First, NaOH will dissociate into Na⁺ and OH⁻ ions
The Na⁺ ion will substitute one of the Hydrogen atoms on H₂CO₃ to form NaHCO₃
The H⁺ released from the substitution will bond with the OH⁻ ion to form a water molecule
If there were to be another NaOH molecule, a similar substitution will take place, substituting the second hydrogen from H₂CO₃ as well to form Na₂CO₃
Balance the following reaction:
_______ CO₂ + _______ H₂O + heat ↔ _______ C₆H₁₂O₆ + _______ O₂
Please explain!
*Note: If any of the coefficients are the number one. Please, write "1" in the space. Thanks!
Answer:
6CO2+6H2O+heat" C6H12O6+6O2
the best way to balance a chemical reaction is to start with balancing the hydrogen followed by the other elements then lastly oxygen.so in this case if you put a 6 in front of carbon dioxide,water and oxygen you will definitely balance it.cause at the first side you have 6 carbons similar to the product,12 oxygen similar to the product and 18 oxygen similar to the products.
I hope this helps
Answer:
Explanation:
I saw this after answering your other question on the same reaction.
To balance the chemical reaction, look at the reactants and products. As O is part of both products, focus on C and H instead.
On the products side, 1 C6H12O6 has 6 C and 12 H. So that requires the same numbers of C and H on the reactant side because of mass conservation.
That gives 6 CO2 and 6 H2O as the reactants. Counting the number of O in the reactants, there are 6*2 + 6 = 18 O. Subtracting the 6 O in C6H12O6, that leaves 12 O so there are 12/2 = 6 O2 in the products.
Combining the numbers above, the balanced equation is:
___6___ CO₂ + ___6___ H₂O + heat ↔ ___1___ C₆H₁₂O₆ + ___6___ O₂
8. Build a neutral lithium atom.
Now, what must you do to make the lithium atom's charge change to +1?
Hint: Lithium is atomic number 3.
Add 2 electrons
Remove 1 electron
Add 1 electron
Add 1 proton
Answer:
Remove 1 electron
Explanation:
In the atom of each element, there are three subatomic particles viz: proton, neutron and electron. The number of proton (positively charged) and electron (negatively charged) determines the charge of that element. The more the proton, the more positively charged an ion is and vice versa for electron.
According to this question, a neutral atom of lithium (Li) with atomic no. 3 is given i.e. a lithium atom with charge 0. To make the lithium atom's charge change to +1, ONE ELECTRON MUST BE REMOVED OR LOST.
Note that, the proton number (atomic number) of an element does not change, rather the electron number changes in relation to the no. of protons.
Evaluate the exponential expression (−2)6.
A general exponential expression is something like:
A^n
This means that we need to multiply the number A by itself n times.
Using that we will get (-2)^6 = 64
With that definition, we can rewrite:
(-2)^6 = (-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2)
So we just need to solve the above expression.
Also, remember the rule of signs:
(-)*(-) = (+)
We will get:
(-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2)*(-2) = [(-2)*(-2)]*[(-2)*(-2)]*[(-2)*(-2)]
= 4*4*4 = 16*4 = 64
Then we got:
(-2)^6 = 64
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g Identify the process in which the entropy increases. Group of answer choices a decrease in the number of moles of a gas during a chemical reaction the phase transition from a gas to a liquid the phase transition from a solid to a gas freezing water
Answer:
phase transition from a solid to a gas
Explanation:
Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness in a system. The more disorderly a system is, the greater the entropy of the system.
Decrease in the number of moles of a gas decreases the entropy of the system. Similarly, the entropy of solids is less than that of liquids. The entropy of liquids is less than that of gases.
Therefore, a change of phase from solid to gas represents an increase in entropy of the system.
How many protons does Tin have?
A. 50
B. 68
C. 118
Hello There!
Tin has 50 protons.Hope that helps you!
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[tex]SilentNature[/tex]
Consider an equilibrium (K1) that is established after 10 mL of compound A and 10 mL of compound B are mixed. Now, imagine the equilibrium (K2) where 1 mL of compound A is added to 100 mL of compound B. How are K1 and K2 related algebraically (read this question VERY carefully, at least one more time)?
K1 and K2 are related algebraically because once the values are inserted into the equilibrium equation, both equations will yield a denominator of 100.
Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) 36.2 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 323 g of water, m (b) 8.63 moles of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 1889 g of water.
Answer:
(a) m = 0.327 m.
(b) m = 4.57 m.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly considering the fact that the molality is computed by dividing the moles of solute by the kilograms of solvent, in this case water; in such a way, we proceed as follows:
(a) We firstly calculate the moles of 36.2 grams of sucrose as its molar mass is 342.3 g/mol:
[tex]\frac{36.2g}{342.3g/mol} =0.106mol[/tex]
Next, the kilograms of water in this case are 0.323 kg so that the molality will be:
[tex]m=\frac{0.106mol}{0.323kg}\\\\m=0.327m[/tex]
(b) In this case, we directly realize that the kilograms of water are now 1.889 kg so that the molality will be:
[tex]m=\frac{8.63mol}{1.889kg}=4.57m[/tex]
Clearly, the both of them in molal, m, units.
Regards!
Which is a statement of cell theory? All cells are made up of living molecules. All plants are made of cells. All animals are made of cells. All cells are produced from other cells.
Answer:
all cells are produced from other preexisting cells through cell division
What is an example of an extensive property
The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C.
Convert this temperature to degrees Fahrenheit. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
°F
Answer:
-31.72°F
Explanation:
(-35.4°C × 9/5) + 32 = -31.72°F
The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C. This temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.72 °F
To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula:
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Let's calculate the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit:
°F = (-35.4 × 9/5) + 32
°F = (-63.72) + 32
°F = -31.72
Rounding to three significant digits, the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit is approximately -31.7 °F. The negative sign indicates that the temperature is below the freezing point in both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. The South Pole experiences freezing temperatures, as it is located near the Earth's southernmost point and experiences long periods of darkness during January.
Hence, the temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.7 °F.
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A sentence using the word Compound
Answer:
The air smelled like a compound of diesel and gasoline fumes.
what is food nutrients
Answer:
Nutrients arw compounds in foods essential to life and heath
Answer: In simple terms nutrients are the energy that you get from food certain foods give more nutrients and others give close to none. That is what nutrients in your food is
Explanation:
Gaseous methane (CH4) will react with gaseous oxygen (O2) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and gaseous water . Suppose 2.73 g of methane is mixed with 6.7 g of oxygen. Calculate the maximum mass of water that could be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
3.8g of H2O are produced
Explanation:
The balanced reaction of the problem is:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Where 1 mole of CH4 reacts with 2 moles of O2
To solve this question we need to find, as first, the moles of each reactant in order to find limiting reactant. With limiting reactant we can find the moles of H2O produced and its mass as follows:
Moles CH4 - 16.04g/mol-
2.73g * (1mol/16.04g) = 0.170 moles CH4
Moles O2 -32g/mol-
6.7g (1mol/32g) = 0.209 moles O2
For a complete reaction of 0.170 moles of CH4 are needed:
0.170 moles CH4 * (2 mol O2 / 1mol CH4) = 0.340 moles O2
As there are just 0.209 moles of O2, oxygen is limiting reactant
The moles of water produced are:
0.209 moles O2 * (2mol H2O / 2mol O2) = 0.209 moles H2O
Mass water -Molar mass: 18.01g/mol-
0.209 moles H2O * (18.01g/mol) = 3.8g of H2O are produced
Consider the reaction below. How much heat is absorbed if 5.00 moles of nitrogen react
with excess oxygen?
2 N2 (8) + O2(g) → 2 N20 (8) AHrxn- +163.2 kJ
Explanation:
The given chemical reaction is:
[tex]2 N_2 (g) + O_2(g) -> 2 N_20 (g) delta Hrxn= +163.2 kJ[/tex]
When two moles of nitrogen reacts with oxygen, it requires 163.2kJ of energy.
When 5.00 mol of nitrogen requires how much energy?
[tex]5.00 mol x \frac{163.2 kJ }{2 mol} \\=408 kJ[/tex]
Hence, the answer is 408 kJ of heat energy is required.
As discussed in class, the Fischer esterification reactants and products are at equilibrium. How was the equilibrium of the reaction that you performed shifted towards the products
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The particular reactants in the Fischer esterification reaction were not stated.
Generally, a Fischer esterification is a reaction that proceeds as follows;
RCOOH + R'OH ⇄RCOOR' + H2O
This reaction occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst.
We can shift the equilibrium of this reaction towards the products side in two ways;
I) use of a large excess of either of the reactants
ii) removal of one of the products as it is formed.
Any of these methods shifts the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification reaction towards the products side.
choose isomer of hexanoic acid?
A) - penthylformiate
B) _ izopropyleacetate
C) _ methylpropanoate
D) _ a- Methylbutanoic acid
Answer:
THR ANSWER IS C) _ methylpropanoate
The following is what kind of reaction?
2 CH4 +4 02 → 2 CO2 + 4H2O
Answer:
It is a combustion reaction.
Find the volume occupied by 128g of SO2.
The volume occupied by the given amount of sulfur dioxide will be 84 L.
please show working my dear citizen
