Answer:
selling costs
Explanation:
Factory overhead costs are the cost associated with running a manufacturing facility. Factory overhead is also known as manufacturing overhead or work overhead.
Examples of factory overhead include
indirect labor costs
factory rent
indirect material costs.
depreciation of plants and machinery
Sales and administrative cost
how success and failure in practice of management affect organization?
Explanation:
One of the most remarkable aspects of organizational change efforts is their low success rate. There is substantial evidence that some 70% of all change initiatives fail. This article explores the argument that a potentially significant reason for this is a lack of alignment between the value system of the change intervention and of those members of an organization undergoing the change. In order to test this assertion, the article begins by reviewing the change literature with regard to the impact of values on success and failure. It then examines Graves' Emergent Cyclical Levels of Existence Theory and uses this as the basis of a method for identifying and aligning value systems. The article then presents the results from case studies of two change initiatives in different organizations. These support both the method and the assertion that value system alignment may be an important factor in the success of organizational change initiatives. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.
[tex]33 + 454454\pi[/tex]
Explanation:
33+454454π
33+1426985.5
1427018.5
You decide to buy 1,800 shares of stock at a price of $68 and an initial margin of 75 percent. What is the maximum percentage decline in the stock price before you will receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 30 percent
Answer:
Decline percentage = 64.29%
Explanation:
First find the margin call price = Initial price x (1 - initial margin) / (1-maintenance margin)
Margin call price = 68 x ( 1- 75%) / (1 - 30%)
Margin call price = $24.29
The margin call that the investor will have if the price fall to $24.29.
Now find the percentage decline:
Percentage decline = (68 - 24.29) / 68
Percentage decline = 0.6429
Thus decline percentage = 64.29%
Warehouse operations have shut down at SHXCX Manufacturing suddenly due to a power outage. Warehouse managers are still able to communicate with their home office and their data servers, but unfortunately have no prepared solution to restoring operations. Which of the following controls would be best suited to combat this problem?
a. Validity test
b. Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
c. Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)
d. Both B and C
Answer:
d. Both B and C
Explanation:
Business continuity planning and disaster recovery planning main goal is the keeping of a business running in the advent or event of an emergency or interruptions.
Business continuity plan (BCP)
This simply shows the important and essential processes, procedures, and personnel that is to be protected in case of an emergency. It uses the business impact analysis (BIA) to evaluate risks to the organization.
Disaster recovery plan (DRP)
This is simply defined as the known steps and procedures personnel in key departments of an organization must follow in any disaster case within the organization.
Business Continuity Planning has its main focus on sustaining operations and protecting the viability of the business following a disaster and it is a long termed focused. While the Disaster Recovery Planning main goal is to minimize the effects of a disaster and to take the necessary steps to ensure that the resources, personnel and business processes are able to resume operations in a timely manner. Its focus is on immediate aftermath of the disaster and it is a Short Term focused.
QS 5-6 Perpetual: Inventory costing with weighted average LO P1 A company reports the following beginning inventory and two purchases for the month of January. On January 26, the company sells 350 units. Ending inventory at January 31 totals 150 units. Units Unit Cost Beginning inventory on January 1 320 $ 3.00 Purchase on January 9 80 3.20 Purchase on January 25 100 3.34 Required: Assume the perpetual inventory system is used. Determine the costs assigned to ending inventory when costs are assigned based on the weighted average method. (Round your per unit costs to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
Perpetual Inventory Company
The cost assigned to ending inventory based on the weighted average method is:
= $465 ($3.10 * 150)
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Units Unit Cost Total Cost
Beginning inventory on January 1 320 $ 3.00 $960
Purchase on January 9 80 3.20 256
Purchase on January 25 100 3.34 334
Total available for sale 500 3.10 $1,550
Sale on January 26 (350) 3.10 1,085
Ending inventory on January 31 150 3.10 465
Rank the following three stocks by their total risk level, highest to lowest. Night Ryder has an average return of 9 percent and standard deviation of 40 percent. The average return and standard deviation of WholeMart are 10 percent and 22 percent; and of Fruit Fly are 15 percent and 45 percent.
a. Fruit Fly, Night Ryder, WholeMart
b. Night Ryder, WholeMart, Fruit Fly
c. Night Ryder, Fruit Fly, WholeMart
d. WholeMart, Fruit Fly, Night Ryder
Fruit Fly, Night Ryder, WholeMart is the three stocks by their total risk level, highest to lowest. Night Ryder has an average return of 9 percent. Hence, option A is correct.
What is standard deviation?The term "standard deviation" (or "") refers to a measurement of the data's dispersion from the mean. A low standard deviation implies that the data are grouped around the mean, whereas a large standard deviation shows that the data are more dispersed.
Example: How many people had scores on a recent test that were lower than yours, which was 0.5 standard deviations above the mean? 19.1% falls between 0 and 0.5. 50% is less than zero.
A low standard deviation indicates that the data are tightly grouped around the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the data are widely dispersed (less dependable) (more reliable).
Thus, option A is correct.
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Beginning inventory Merchandise $ 275,000 Finished goods $ 450,000 Cost of purchases 500,000 Cost of goods manufactured 900,000 Ending inventory Merchandise 115,000 Finished goods 375,000 Compute cost of goods sold for each of these two companies for the year.
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Company 1:
Beginning inventory Merchandise $ 275,000
Cost of purchases 500,000
Ending inventory Merchandise 115,000
Company 2:
Cost of goods manufactured 900,000
Ending Finished goods 375,000
Beginning Finished goods $ 450,000
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we need to use the following formula:
COGS= beginning finished inventory + cost of goods manufactured/purchased - ending finished inventory
Company 1:
COGS= 275,000 + 500,000 - 115,000
COGS= $660,000
Company 2:
COGS= 900,000 + 375,000 - 450,000
COGS= $825,000
A certificate of deposit usually has: Multiple Choice a variable rate of return. no minimum deposit amount. no set time period. a penalty for early withdrawal of funds. earnings based on fluctuating market interest rates.
Answer:
A certificate of deposit usually has:
a penalty for early withdrawal of funds.
Explanation:
When a customer opens an account with a bank or credit union with an initial deposit, which remains the same or continues to increase at a fixed amount until the agreed maturity period, a certificate of deposit is issued to the customer. The customer does not withdraw any amount until the fixed period has elapsed. Thereafter, the customer receives a fixed interest plus the deposit.
You are the regional sales manager for Standard Publishing Co. The company is preparing adjusting entries for the year ended March 31, 2021. On September 1, 2020, customers in your region paid $180,000 cash for three-year magazine subscriptions beginning on that date. The magazines are published and mailed to customers monthly. These were the only subscription sales in your region during the year. What amount should be reported on the income statement for subscription revenue for the year ended March 31, 2021
Answer:
Standard Publishing Co.
The amount of subscription revenue that should be reported on the income statement for the year ended March 31, 2021 is:
= $35,000.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
September 1, 2020 Cash receipt for magazine subscriptions for three years = $180,000
This subscriptions is equal to 36 months subscription.
The amount of subscription revenue to report for the year ended March 31, 2021 = $35,000 ($180,000 * 7/36).
From the above calculation, a month's subscription revenue = $5,000 ($180,000/36)
Therefore, seven months' subscription from September 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020 = $35,000 ($5,000 * 7).
The unearned subscription revenue is debited with $35,000, while earned subscription revenue is credited with the same amount.
Suppose that a competitive firm's marginal cost of producing output q (MC) is given by MC (q )equals6plus2 q. Assume that the market price (P) of the firm's product is $18 . What level of output (q) will the firm produce? The firm will produce nothing units of output. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)
Answer:
The firm will produce 6.00 units of output.
Explanation:
From the question, we have:
MC(q) = 6 + 2q ……………… (1)
P = $18 ………………………. (2)
For any firm, profit is maximized when MC = P. To determine the level of output (q) the firm will produce, we therefore equate equations (1) and (2) and solve for q as follows:
6 + 2q = 18
2q = 18 - 6
2q = 12
q = 12 / 2
q = 6.00
Therefore, the firm will produce 6.00 units of output.
write a few sentences describing a situation where you (or someone you know) has used their problem solving skill or agility skill to increase their human capital in order to get a better job or earn more income.
Answer:
Increase human capital
Explanation:
In order to increase my own worth, I provide a perspective that others are apprehensive to commit to. This perspective is that of complete honesty, 100% of the time. I own my mistakes, I celebrate my successes and I am humble to the lessons of others and my own.
The capacity to identify, evaluate, comprehend, and effectively solve an issue. It is a set of abilities that includes listening, creativity, innovation, and analytical prowess, among other things. It is a very valuable and difficult skill in the business world.
When employers discuss problem-solving abilities, they frequently refer to the capacity to manage challenging or unforeseen circumstances at work as well as intricate commercial difficulties. Organizations depend on individuals who can objectively evaluate both types of events and calmly pinpoint solutions. These are qualities that give you the ability to achieve it.
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Determine the amount to be added to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts in each of the following cases and indicate the ending balance in each case.
(a) Credit balance of $300 in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts just prior to adjustment. Analysis of Accounts Receivable indicates uncollectible receivables of $8,500.
(b) Credit balance of $500 in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts just prior to adjustment. Uncollectible receivables are estimated at 2% of credit sales, which totaled $1,000,000 for the year.
Answer:
a. Credit balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and already balance in Allowance account = $300
Estimated Doubtful accounts and balance maintained with Allowance for Doubtful Accounts= $8,500
Amount added to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $8,500 - $300
Amount added to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $8,200
Ending balance maintained with Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $8,500
b. Credit balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and already balance in Allowance account = $500
Estimated Doubtful accounts and balance maintained with Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $1,000,000 * 2% = $20,000
Ending balance maintained with Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $20,000 + $500 = $20,500
Adonis Corporation issued 10-year, 11% bonds with a par value of $300,000. Interest is paid semiannually. The market rate on the issue date was 10%. Adonis received $318,696 in cash proceeds. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Adonis must pay $300,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $16,500 each.
b. Adonis must pay $300,000 at maturity and no interest payments.
c. Adonis must pay $318,696 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $16,500 each.
d. Adonis must pay $300,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $15,000 each.
e. Adonis must pay $318,696 at maturity and no interest payments.
Answer:
a. Adonis must pay $300,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $16,500 each
Explanation:
It should be noted that at maturity bond issuers usually pay back the face value of the bond to bondholders except where they also pay a premium of the face value which is not the case here, hence, the face value of $300,000 would be repaid at maturity.
There would 20 semiannual coupon payments in 10 years bond tenor and the value of each semiannual coupon is computed thus:
semiannual coupon=face value*coupon rate/2
coupon rate=11%(11% bonds means that coupon rate is 11%)
semiannual coupon=$300,000*11%/2
semiannual coupon=$16,500
Personal communication systems such as personal networks and grapevines: Spread information hierarchically throughout the organization, from boss to employee and from employee to boss, for example. Contain less accurate information than other organizational communication systems. Contain only a small amount of organizational communications. Spread more information across organizations than formal communication channels such as downward communications.
Answer:
Spread more information across organizations than formal communication channels such as downward communications.
Explanation:
When there is a the personal communication system like the personal networks, and complains so here the more information should be spreaded across the organization as compared to the formal communication like downward communication
So as per the given situation, the last option is correct
In a slow year, Deutsche Burgers will produce 2.8 million hamburgers at a total cost of $3.4 million. In a good year, it can produce 4.8 million hamburgers at a total cost of $4.6 million.a. What are the fixed costs of hamburger production
Answer:
the fixed cost is $1.72 million
Explanation:
The computation of the fixed cost is shown below:
= Total cost - variable cost
= $3.4 million - ($4.6 million - $3.4 million) ÷ $3.4 million - $.1.2 million ÷ $2 million
= $3.4 million - 2.8 million × $0.60 million
= $1.72 million
Hence, the fixed cost is $1.72 million
Problem 9-1 Comparing Renting and Buying [LO9-2] Rental Costs Buying Costs Annual rent $ 7,380 Annual mortgage payments $ 9,800 ($9,575 is interest) Insurance 145 Property taxes 1,780 Security deposit 650 Insurance/maintenance 1,050 Down payment/closing costs 4,500 Growth in equity 225 Estimated annual appreciation 1,700 Assume an after-tax savings interest rate of 6 percent and a tax rate of 28 percent. (a) Calculate the total rental cost and total buying cost. (Round your intermediate calculations and final answers to the nearest whole number.) (b) Based on the cost criteria, would you recommend buying or renting
Answer:
Computation of Rental Costs
Particulars Amount
Rent $7,380
Insurance $145
Loss of Interest on Security Deposit $39 ($650*6%)
Total Rental Costs $7,564
Computation of Buying Costs
Particulars Amount
Annual Mortgage Payments $9,800
Taxes, Insurance and Maintenance $2,830 ($1,050+$1,780)
Loss of Interest on Down Payment $270 (4,500*6%)
Growth in Equity -$225
Annual Appreciation -$1,700
Mortgage Interest Tax Savings -$2,681 (9,575*28%)
Tax Savings from Property Taxes -$498 (1,780*28%)
Total Buying Costs $7,796
b. Based on the cost criteria, i would recommend renting as it results in lesser cost
Trident Manufacturing Company's treasurer identified the following cash flows during this year as significant. It had repaid existing debt to the tune of $425,110, while raising additional debt capital of $750,000. It also repurchased stock in the open markets for a total of $63,250. It paid $233,144 in dividends to its shareholders. What is the net cash provided (used) by financing activities?
Answer:
$28,496
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the net cash provided (used) by financing activities
Cash inflows from financing activities $750,000
Less Cash outflows from financing activities ($721,504)
($425,110 + $63,250 + $233,144)
Net cash flows from financing activities $28,496
($750,000 – $721,504)
Therefore the net cash provided (used) by financing activities is $28,496
Question 3
Rank the following assets of a commercial bank in order of decreasing liquidity.
(a) Market loans
(b) Reserves with the Bank of Ghana
(c) Cash
(d) Personal loans
(e) Sale and repurchase agreements (repos)
(f) Mortgages
(g) Government bonds (of from one to five years to maturity)
Answer:
Reserves with the Bank of Ghana
Explanation:
I could be wrong let me know if its correct or incorrect
Wildhorse Games Inc. adjusts its accounts annually. The following information is available for the year ended December 31, 2022.
1. Purchased a 1-year insurance policy on June 1 for $2,220 cash.
2. Paid $7,020 on August 31 for 5 months’ rent in advance.
3. On September 4, received $3,960 cash in advance from a corporation to sponsor a game each month for a total of 9 months for the most improved students at a local school.
4. Signed a contract for cleaning services starting December 1 for $1,080 per month. Paid for the first 2 months on November 30. (Hint: Use the account Prepaid Cleaning to record prepayments.)
5. On December 5, received $1,620 in advance from a gaming club. Determined that on December 31, $515 of these games had not yet been played.
Question Completion:
Prepare the necessary journal entries.
Answer:
Wildhorse Games Inc.
1. June 1: Debit Prepaid Insurance $2,220
Credit Cash $2,220
To record the payment for 1-year insurance policy.
2. August 31: Debit Prepaid Rent $7,020
Credit Cash $7,020
To record the payment for 5 months’ rent in advance.
3. September 4: Debit Cash $3,960
Credit Unearned Game Revenue $3,960
To record cash received in advance to sponsor a game each month for a total of 9 months.
4. November 30: Debit Prepaid Cleaning $2,16
Credit Cash $2,160
To record the payment for cleaning services for two months.
5. December 5: Debit Cash $1,620
Credit Unearned Games Revenue $1,620
Adjustments on December 31:
1. Debit Insurance Expense $1,295
Credit Prepaid Insurance $1,295
To record insurance expense for the period ($2,220 * 7/12).
2. Debit Rent Expense $5,616
Credit Prepaid Rent $5,616
To record rent expense for the period ($7,020 * 4/5).
3. Debit Unearned Games Revenue $1,760
Credit Earned Games Revenue $1,760
To record earned revenue ($3,960 * 4/9).
4. Debit Cleaning Expense $1,080
Credit Prepaid Cleaning $1,080
To record cleaning expense for the period.
5. Debit Unearned Games Revenue $1,105
Credit Earned Games Revenue $1,105
To record earned revenue.
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
1. June 1: Prepaid Insurance $2,220 Cash $2,220 1-year insurance policy
2. August 31: Prepaid Rent $7,020 Cash $7,020 for 5 months’ rent in advance.
3. September 4: Cash $3,960 Unearned Game Revenue $3,960 to sponsor a game each month for a total of 9 months
4. November 30: Prepaid Cleaning $2,160 Cash $2,160
$1,080 per month. Paid for the first 2 months on November 30.
5. December 5: Cash $1,620 Unearned Games Revenue $1,620
Adjustments on December 31:
1. Insurance Expense $1,295 Prepaid Insurance $1,295 ($2,220 * 7/12)
2. Rent Expense $5,616 Prepaid Rent $5,616 ($7,020 * 4/5)
3. Unearned Games Revenue $1,760 Earned Games Revenue $1,760 ($3,960 * 4/9)
4. Cleaning Expense $1,080 Prepaid Cleaning $1,080
5. Unearned Games Revenue $1,105 Earned Games Revenue $1,105
a)What are the expected returns and standard deviations of a portfolio consisting of:1.100 percent in stock A
Answer:
12%
1.00
Explanation:
Note that the expected return on stock A which is 12% is missing from the question as well as the standard deviation of A which is 1.00
The expected return from stock A with 100% of funds(total amount of investment) invested in stock A is the percentage invested in A multiplied by the expected return of stock A shown thus:
expected return=100%*12%
portfolio expected return=12%
portfolio standard deviation(if 100% invested in A)=1.00*100%
During its fiscal year, a Pension Trust Fund buys 1,000 shares of stock, for which it pays $33,000. At year end, the stock has a fair value of $28,000. How should this fact be reported in the Trust Fund's financial statements?a. the investment should be reported at a value of $33,000.
b. the investment should be reported at a value of $33,000, and the loss in market value should be reported in a footnote.
c. the investment should be reported at a value of $30,500.
d. the investment should be reported at a value of $28,000.
Answer: d. the investment should be reported at a value of $28,000.
Explanation:
Investments should be recorded at their fair value in the financial statements. If a loss is made but the company is still holding on to the investment then the loss is unrealized which is the case here.
When there is an unrealized loss, it is to be debited to the Unrealized loss account and credited to the investment account to show that it is reducing. This will then leave the balance of the investment account at the fair value which in this case is $28,000.
what is the meaning of want
Answer:
Want is to desire something or to yearn. (EX. I want an ice cream.) Want is showing that you would like something basically
Explanation:
Use the starting balance sheet and the list of changes to create an updated balance sheet and to answer the question.
Valley Technology Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands)
Cash 2,200 Liabilities 3,600
Other Assets 2,800 Equity 1,400
Total Assets 5,000 Total Liabilities 5,000
Between January 1 and March 31, 2021:
1. Cash decreases by $200,000
2. Liabilities decrease by $100,000
3. Equity increases by $400,000
What is the value for Other Assets on March 31, 2021?
Answer: $3,300,000
Explanation:
Accounting formula:
Assets = Equity + Liabilities
Total equity and liabilities on March 31 is:
= Beginning balance - decrease in liabilities + Increase in Equity
= 5,000,000 - 100,000 + 400,000
= $5,300,000
Assets therefore has to be $5,300,000 on the same date.
Assets = New cash balance + Other assets
5,300,000 = (2,200,000 - 200,000) + Other assets
Other assets = 5,300,000 - 2,000,000
= $3,300,000
(True) or (False)? The most common method companies use is double-declining balance, because it allows companies to recognize for depreciation expense up front.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
my teacher said it was false but she could be wrong
A state's lottery winner is promised $200,000 a year for twenty years (starting at the end of the first year). How much must the state invest now to guarantee the prize if the state can earn annually 7 percent on its funds? How much must the state invest if the annual payments were made at the beginning of the year?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
The amount that should be invested in the case when it earns 7% on its funds is
Investment = pv(7%,20,200000,0,0)
= $2,118,802.85
ANd, the amount that should be invested at the starting of the year is
= pv(7%,20,200000,0,1)
= $2,267,119.05
The same should be considered
Grays Company has inventory of 25 units at a cost of $6 each on August 1. On August 3, it purchased 35 units at $11 each. 27 units are sold on August 6. Using the FIFO perpetual inventory method, what amount will be reported as cost of goods sold for the 27 units that were sold?
Answer:
$174
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what amount will be reported as cost of goods sold for the 27 units that were sold
Cost of goods sold=(25 units*$6) + [(25 units -27units)*$12]
Cost of goods sold =$150+$24
Cost of goods sold=$174
Therefore the amount that will be reported as cost of goods sold for the 27 units that were sold is $174
Molander Corporation is a distributor of a sun umbrella used at resort hotels. Data concerning the next month’s budget appear below: Selling price per unit $ 24 Variable expense per unit $ 18 Fixed expense per month $ 4,800 Unit sales per month 950 Required: 1. What is the company’s margin of safety? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) 2. What is the company’s margin of safety as a percentage of its sales?
Answer:
1.150 units
2. 15.79%
Explanation:
Margin of safety is the difference between the current level of profitability and the break-even level. In other words, it is excess of the current level of sales and the break-even sales computed using the formula below:
the margin of safety in units=current level of sales-breakeven sales
break-even sales=fixed expense/contribution margin
fixed expense=$4,800
contribution margin per unit=selling price-variable cost
contribution margin per unit=$24-$18
contribution margin per unit=$6
break-even sales=$4,800/$6
break-even sales units=800 units
the margin of safety in units=950-800
the margin of safety in units=150 units
the margin of safety as a percentage of its sales=150/950
the margin of safety as a percentage of its sales=15.79%
Suppose you borrow $9,875 and then repay the loan by making 12 monthly payments of $863.58 each. What is the effective annual rate (EAR) you are paying
Answer:
9.38%
Explanation:
PV = $9,875
PMT = $863.58
NPER = 12
Using the MS Rate Function to derive the Periodic rate
Periodic rate = Rate(NPER, -PMT, PV)
Periodic rate = Rate(12, -863.58, 9,875)
Periodic rate = 0.0075
Periodic rate = 0.75%
Nominal rate = Periodic rate * NPER
Nominal rate = 0.75% * 12
Nominal rate = 9%
Using the MS Effect Function to derive the effective annual rate (EAR)
Nominal rate = 9%
NPER = 12
Effective annual rate (EAR) = Effect(Nominal rate, NPER)
Effective annual rate (EAR) = Effect(9%, 12)
Effective annual rate (EAR) = 0.0938
Effective annual rate (EAR) = 9.38%
So, the the effective annual rate (EAR) you are paying is 9.38%.
Suppose you buy some stock in the Alpha Corporation at a price of $45.95 per share. 410 days later you sell the stock for $48.27. During this period you received a per share dividend of $1.20. What is your annualized return on this investment
Answer: 6.79%
Explanation:
The holding period return is:
= (Current price - Cost price + Dividend) / Cost price
= (48.27 - 45.95 + 1.20) / 45.95
= 7.66%
The annualized return is:
= ( ( 1 + holding period return) ^ number of days in a year/ number of days stock was held - 1)
= ( ( 1 + 7.66%) ³⁶⁵ / ⁴¹⁰ - 1)
= 6.79%
Many elementary schools participate in programs where students go out into the community on behalf of a company to sell products from a catalog of goods, which the company ships directly to the consumer. Usually the school gets a cut of the profits and the kids are rewarded with prizes based on how much they sell. What type of channel member do the school children represent in this example?
Answer: Retailers
Explanation:
One type of distribution channel is one where a company ships its goods directly to a retailer which would then sell to a customer. For instance, when a car company sells directly to a car dealership and then the car dealership sells to consumers.
This is what is happening here. The company is selling directly to the school which then sells the goods through the students, to consumers. The students and the school can therefore be said to be retailers.
