Explain the production of monoclonal antibodies and give an example of how they are used.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are produced by introducing an antigen to a mouse and then fusing polyclonal B cells from the mouse's spleen to myeloma cells. The resulting hybridoma cells are cultured and continue to produce antibodies to the antigen.

we use this for

:The use of monoclonal antibodies to treat diseases is called immunotherapy therapy because each type of monoclonal antibody will target a specific targeted antigen in the body. Uses for monoclonal antibodies include: Cancer. Rheumatoid arthritis.


Related Questions

The pH of a solution determines the charge of certain R groups. The pH of pineapple fruit ranges from 3.5 to 5.2. Predict the effect on the activity of bromelain if it is used in a product with a pH of 11.

Answers

Answer:

The activity of Bromine will reduce

Explanation:

Bromine is found in pineapple stem with pH range of 3.5- 5.2 this implies that the environment where bromine is found is acidic hence when taken to a product whose pH is 11 which is basic then its performance will be low because its can only function well in an acidic medium.

pH ranges tell whether a substance is acidic, basic or neural.

Acid range from 3.5-6

7- neutral

8 above is basic

This is about knowing the behaviour of some elements in different PH Values.

The activity of bromelain will decrease in a product with a pH of 11. .

We are told that the PH of pineapple fruit is of the range of 3.5 - 5.2. In reality, this also includes it's stems and the plants as well. This falls into the acidic range because PH less than 7 is acidic.Now, these stems, plants and fruits of pineapple usually contain bromelain. This implies that bromelain does its' work in an acidic environment since pineapple has an acidic PH.

If bromelain is used in a product with a PH of 11, it means it is being used in a basic environment because a PH greater than 7 indicates a basic nature. This means bromelain will not function as well as it did in the acidic environment and as such the activity of bromelain here would decrease.

We can now conclude that the activity of bromelain will decrease in a product that has a PH of 11.

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Select the living organisms that will decrease as a result of the loss of coral in the food web.

Answers

Answer:

Butterfly fish, Triggerfish, parrotfish, and sharks

Explanation: Because the first three fish listed feed on coral, their populations will decrease if coral is eliminated because that means there will be less food to go around for the populations to consume. Many will die out. If those fish die, there will be less of them for the sharks to eat, causing the shark population to decrease as well.

What is the main function of the cell membrane of a cell?
A. to exchange nutrients and the cells waste with the external environment
B. to limit the size that cell can reach
C. To organize the cell's internal contents
D. to protect the cell from harmful substances in the environment

Answers

Answer:

D. to protect the cell from harmful substances in the environment

Explanation:

Cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane is a biological membrane that differentiate the internal organelles of the cells from the outside environment. Cell membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

The main or primary function of cell membrane is to protect cell from harmful substances in the environment as it is the outer convering of the cell. cell membrane regulates movement of substances in and out of cells which restricts entry of harmful substances and hence called as selectively permeable membrane.

Hence, the correct option is D.

Which resource is a renewable resource?
A. Coal
B. Gemstones
C. Metal
D. Trees

Answers

the answer is d. tress

Answer:

d. trees

Explanation:

cuz i took the quiz on edge

i think this is pretty easy so fill in the blanks and i’ll give you 15 points

Answers

Answer:

producers, energy, carbon dioxide, oxygen

Can you help me on these?

Answers

Answer:

I only know the second one. Its Protista

Explanation:

Protist are like those teenagers that are trying to find themselves. They don't know what they want to be. They are producers and consumers.

Which of following are natural factors that can cause extinctions?


I. climate change

II. asteroid impacts

III. volcanic eruptions

IV. changes in oxygen levels in seawater

A.

I, II, III, and IV

B.

I, II, and III only

C.

II and III only

D.

I and IV only
i need help asap

Answers

Answer:

A is the answer. so it's correct

A company has several factories around the world and has decided to transition from burning fossil fuels to using alternative energy resources. How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere?
A It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere
B it could increase the nitrogen levels
C it could decrease the carbon dioxide levels
D it could increase the sulfur dioxide levels

Answers

Answer:

C. It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere

Explanation:

This is 100% right

Give brainlest please

What are the possible anticodons in the tRNA molecules that carry serine to the ribosome?

Answers

The possible tRNA for serine are UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG

Ella holds an ice cream cone in her hand. She soon notices that her hand begins to feel cold. What is different about the particles that make up her hand?

Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

They are now cold

Explanation:

Lol

During photosynthesis blank energy is converted into blank energy

Answers

Answer:During photosynthesis solar energy is converted into chemical  energy

Explanation:

Population distribution in Europe and Russia is most impacted by
A government restrictions
B. cultural differences
C. natural resources
D. climate
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OA
OB
0
00
0
Mark this and return
Save and Exit​

Answers

Answer:

i think right answer is climate.

4. What are the first organisms (colonizers) on the land? *
O
Flowers
Ants
Lichens & mosses
O
Oaktree
Submit

Answers

Answer:

mosses & lichens ......

Leslie argues that an organism called a Euglena is a plant because it is eukaryotic, has a nucleus, makes its own food, and is unicellular.

Where is Leslie’s error?

Plants do not make their own food.
Plants are multicellular.
Plants are prokaryotic.
Plants do not have a nucleus.

Answers

Error: Plants are multicellular.
Explanation: Protoctists are known as the dustbin kingdom because they can’t be classified as plants, animals or fungi and they are mostly unicellular microorganisms. Some are known to be more plant-like while others are known to be more animal-like.Euglena is not a plant because it’s a plant-like protoctist.

Answer:

B. Plants are multicellular.

Explanation:

5
What might you find inside a vaccine?

Answers

Antibodies, a small amount of the germ

The high temperature on Friday was 8 degrees above zero. The low temperature was 3 degrees below zero. Which expression gives the average of the low and high temperatures?

a
Left-bracket negative 3 + (negative 8) right-bracket divided by (2) Right-bracket

b
(negative 3 + 8) divided by 2

c
(negative 3 + 8) divided by (negative 2)

d
Negative (3 + 8) divided by 2

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The negative goes by the 3 because it is 3 degrees below zero. To find averages, you add the numbers and divide by how many numbers there are. in this case, it would be (-3+8)/2

do capillaries transport blood from arteries to veins?

Answers

Answer:

Capillaries connect the arteries to the veins. The arteries deliver oxygen rich blood to the capillaries, where the exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

The cardiovascular system includes all of the following EXCEPT?
A.
Veins
B.
Arteries
C.
Capillaries
D.
Neurons

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The cardiovascular system does not include Neurons (D). The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system..i think :/

Hope this helps, if it doesn't please let me know :)

Answer:

D, Neurons

Explanation:

cardiovascluar sysetm does not include neurons as neurons are molecules.

33 indica si las siguientes frases son verdaderas o falsas y corrige las falsa A) la competencia es una relación exclusivamente interespecífica B )los parásitos pueden matar al huésped C ) las poblaciones gregarias son aquellas en las que existe una jerarquía entre los individuos D) en las poblaciones coloniales individuos de distintas especies crecen unidos entre sí E) En las relaciones de mutualismo y comensalismo una de las especies resulta indiferente a la relación F) La cooperación entre individuos beneficia tanto a estos como a la población G) La simbiosis es una relación beneficiosa para ambas especies

Answers

The answers to these question are the following:

A) False

B) True

C) False

D) False

E) False

F) Flase

G) True

Explanation:

A) Competency can also be intraspecific

B) Parasites often cause the death of their hosts

C) There are gregarious organisms whose populations have no defined hierarchies

D) Colonial populations may be formed by organisms from the same species  

E) Mutualism is a beneficial association for both species

F) Not necessarily, there are cases where this type of association only benefits to individuals

F)  Symbiosis is the association among organisms from different species that benefits both species

The image shows barrels containing toxic waste that were dumped into a body of water. What is the likely effect of the dumping on this ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

animals can die that are in the ocean

Explanation:

like the turtles (sksksks)

Answer:

the biodiversity of the ecosystem will decrease because the water is getting polluted

Explanation:

What is the most common element found in the composition of minerals?

Answers

Answer: Water

Explanation:

Water I think

WHO CAN HELP ME WITH MY HOMEWORK ILL GIVE 50 POINTS AND BRAINIEST :COMMENT ME IF U WANNA HELP

Answers

Answer:

yooo i gonna help

Explanation:

Answer:

Slatt.

Explanation:

Thanks For The Points Slime.

Why is the nitrogen cycle important for the survival of organisms in an ecosystem? A. The nitrogen cycle recycles nitrogen through an ecosystem, making it available to all organisms. B. The nitrogen cycle keeps organisms from consuming nitrogen in their ecosystem. C. The nitrogen cycle allows all organisms in an ecosystem to consume nitrogen instead of consuming each other. D. The nitrogen cycle stores nitrogen in safe places, keeping it from entering an ecosystem.

Answers

Answer: A.) The nitrogen cycle recycles nitrogen through an ecosystem, making it available to all organisms.

Explanation: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants and a significant component of proteins, which all animals need to grow, reproduce and survive. The nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen into compounds that plants and animals can use.

Which of these are long strands of DNA?
A. Chromosomes
B. Fossils
C. Genes
D. Mutations

Answers

Answer:

Chromosomes

Explanation:

A. Chromosomes
They are the long strands of DNA

In ecology, what is meant by the term "community"?​

Answers

Answer:

A community is a ecosystem without the abiotic features such as lakes, rocks and the sun. It consists of only populations of species.

Answer:

In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biosynthesis.

Explanation:

Astronauts have been exploring outer space in manned spacecraft since 1961. Which of the following would have made it very dangerous for people to explore outer space?
A.
if the Earth's orbit passed through dense meteoroid fields
B.
if there were fewer cosmic rays passing through the solar system
C.
if the asteroid belt was farther from the Sun
D.
if the Earth's orbit was more circular than Venus' orbit

Answers

Answer:

B because it makes more sense

Explanation:

it makes more sense

Why does the amount of energy DECREASE as you move up the pyramid?


It is absorbed by the sun


It is lost as heat


The animal vomits part of it's food

Answers

Answer:

It is the second option. Lost as heat.

Answer:lost at heat

Explanation:

A species has homologous chromosomes. What does this say about the species?

A. It has alleles that control certain traits
B. It has pairs of matching chromosomes
C. Its a eukaryote and a haploid species
D. It has DNA that is made of of genes

Answers

B, the homo in homologous means same, so they would be matching
B. It has pairs of matching chromosomes

Which best describes genetic mutations?
A. Some inherited genetic mutations can be good for the offspring.
B. Different genetic mutations cause few forms of cancer.
C. Somatic mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired during life.
D.Genetic mutations that cause diseases are always passed on to offspring.

Answers

Answer:

A genetic mutation is a random change in the DNA that is passed on further generations of cells and or organisms. Genetic mutations are accidental changes in the DNA in the germ cells or early in the formation of the embryo.

Explanation:

Some inherited genetic mutations can be good for the offspring.

What is mutation?"It is a change in the structure of a gene."Gene is a structural and functional unit of hereditary.It is caused due to addition, deletion or copying of single base pairs of DNA.The mutation that occurs in somatic cells (cell other than stem cells or s ex cells) are not transferred from parent to offspring.A mutation should occur in s ex cell, in order for it to pass down to the offspring. So, the mutation that cause disease if occurs in somatic cell will not be passed to the offspring.The mutation can sometime result in the production of new proteins that are beneficial in nature.Not all the genetic mutation can cause cancer.

Hence, the correct option is A. Some inherited genetic mutations can be good for the offspring.

To know more about genetic mutation here

https://brainly.com/question/368851

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WHY is this football player wearing an oxygen mask? what is the importance of oxygen here? What is he trying to avoid by wearing the oxygen mask?

Answers

Answer:

bc oxygen contributes to muscle performance on and off the field.

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